Isifo se- asthma sisifo esingapheliyo samaphaphu, okukhokelela kwiziqwenga eziphindaphindiweyo zokuvuthwa (isandi esiphezulu esicacileyo esenzeka ngexesha lokuphefumla ngaphakathi nangaphandle), ukuvuthwa kwesifuba okanye ubunzima, umvo wokungafumani umoya owaneleyo (ukuphefumula okufutshane), kunye ukukhwehlela. Kubantu abanesifo se-asthma, umoya wempuphu utshabalala, okukhokelela ekunciphiseni kwe-airways.
Iimisipha ezijikelezayo zomoya ziba neengxaki kwaye zenze isivumelwano ngokubhekiselele kwizinto ezahlukahlukeneyo, ezibangela ukuba izifo ze-asthma zenzeke.
Yintoni Ebangela Ukuba I-asthma Yenze Okubi?
Kukho inani lezinto ezibangelwayo ezahlukahlukeneyo ezinokudambisa iimpawu ze-asthma. Ezi zibandakanya ukuvuthwa kwezifo, izifo zokuphefumula (ngokukodwa ukushisa okuqhelekileyo), ukufakelwa kwezilwanyana (ezifana ne- pollens , i- mold spores , i-pet dander, kunye nezidumba), izibilini (ezifana nomsi wocuba), iimvakalelo ezinamandla, uxinzelelo okanye zitshintshe kwi-hormone amanqanaba (njengomjikelezo wesini wesibini).
I-Asthma ifunyaniswa njani?
Nangona iimpawu ze-asthma ngokuqinisekileyo zibonisa ukuxilongwa kwesifo se-asthma, ingakumbi ukuba le mpawu iphucula ngokusetyenziswa kwe-bronchodilators (njenge- albuterol ), nje ukuba neempawu zesifo se-asthma akunakwanela ukuba kuhlolwe i-asthma.
Ukuxilongwa kwesifo se-asthma kuxhomekeke kumlinganiselo wokukhutshwa kwe-air flow obstruction kwi-spirometry.
Ukuba imilinganiselo ethile yomsebenzi wamaphaphu, ebizwa ngokuba yi-FEV1 (ivolontiya yokunyanzeliswa kwimizuzu engama-1), inyuke ubuncinane i-12% kunye nama-milliliters angama-200 emva kwe-inhalation ye-bronchodilator, kwaye ukuxilongwa kwe-asthma kungenziwa. I- FEV1 yindlela umoya onokuthi uphuphe ngayo emiphakeni kwisibini sokuqala.
Ukuba le xabiso landa emva kokuvuthwa kwe-bronchodilator, oko kuthetha ukuba i-bronchodilator yakwazi ukukhulula izihlunu kwindlela ehamba ngokwaneleyo ukuvumela umoya ophezulu ukuba uphume ngokukhawuleza, ucebise ubukho bokukhutshwa komoya. Enye indlela yokucinga ngolu hlobo ukukrazula umbhobho wegadi: Ukuba umyezo wegadi udibene, amanzi angaphuma. Emva kokuba i-hose ihlawuleka, amanzi aphuma ngokukhawuleza. Le yinkqubo efana nendlela umoya ophuma ngayo kwimiphunga ngokukhawuleza xa ukukhutshwa komoya kukhutshwe nge-inhalation ye-bronchodilator.
Ukuxilongwa kwesifo se-asthma kunokwenziwa kwakhona nge-bronchoprovocation, okuyiyo vavanyo eyanciphisa umsebenzi wamaphaphu kwi-spirometry. Abantu abane-asthma banyuse ukukhungatheka kwee-airways kwimiphunga, kwaye oku kunokukhokelela ekuhlaleni kwi-FEV1 ngokusebenzisa ukunyuka kwe-bronchoprovocation. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwebroncho kuyenziwa ngokusebenzisa ukuphulukiswa kwemithi eyenza ukubethelwa ngokuthe ngqo kwezihlunu kwindlela yokuhamba ngomoya (njenge-methacholine), ukukhutshwa kwamakhemikhali ahlaselayo ukusuka kumaseli emitha emiphakeni (njengeminititol okanye i-allergen), okanye ngokuzivocavoca umoya obandayo. Umngeni onzima, odla ngokubhekiselele ekuhlaleni kwi-FEV1 ye-15-20% (kuxhomekeke kuvavanyo olusetyenziselwayo), libonisa isiphakamiso (kodwa kungekhona ukuxilongwa) sisifo se-asthma kuba vavanyo lwe-bronchoprovocation elihle lunokuthi lwenzeka kubantu abane -rhinitis kunye neentsholongwane zentsholongwane yokuphefumula.
Iimvavanyo ezingekho phantsi kwe-bronchoprovocation test can be helpful in excluding the possibility of asthma.
Ezinye iimvavanyo ezinokuthi zichaze okanye ziphikise ukungena kwe-asthma ziquka imilinganiselo yokuhamba kweeprayim, ama-biomarker ezinqabileyo ezifana ne-nitric oxide ne-sputum eosinophil. Akukho nanye yale mivavanyo ithathwa njengoluhlu lwe-asthma ngexesha langoku, nangona linokuba luncedo ekujongeni i-asthma kubantu abaye bafumana i-spirometry.
Ngoko ke, i-asthma ifanele ifunyaniswe ukuba isebenzise i- spirometry- nokuba isebenzise i-bronchodilator ukwandisa i-FEV1 okanye ngokusebenzisa uvavanyo oluninzi lwe-bronchoprovocation testing lokunciphisa i-FEV1.
Umthombo:
Ingxelo yeSizwe ye-Asthma Education and Prevention Programme ye-Panel Report 3 . I-Heart Heart, iLung ne-Blood Institute / iiNational Institutes of Health. Iwebhusayithi.
ISICELO: Ingcaciso equlethwe kule sayithi iinjongo zemfundo kuphela, kwaye ayifanele isetyenziswe njengenxalenye yokunyamekelwa ngumntu ogqirha. Nceda ubone ugqirha wakho ukuxilongwa kunye nonyango lweyiphi na imayelana nempawu okanye imeko yonyango.