Abantu abayisithupha badibana ngo-Matshi 1917 ukuseka uMbutho weSizwe wokuPhakanyiswa koPhando lwezeMisebenzi. Ezi zintandathu zithathwa ngokuba ngabasekeli bezonyango zengqesho.
Kodwa, ukukhawuleza kunye nomdla wokujikeleza ukusetyenziswa kwemisebenzi njengonyango lwonyango aluzange zenziwe ngabantu abathandathu kuphela. Umendo phakathi kwentlanganiso ye-6 yabesilisa kunye nabasetyhini ababenomsebenzi okhulayo kwiminyaka eyi-100 kamva kunabantu abaninzi abazinikeleyo endleleni.
Ukuhlonipha ngokukhethekileyo, uSusan Elizabeth Tracy, uHerbert J. Hall, MD, kunye no-Adolf Meyer babenempembelelo eninzi kwiminyaka yokuqala yokuqala yonyango lomsebenzi. Bonke abathathu bebenxibelelana rhoqo kunye nabasunguli abayisithandathu kwaye namhlanje, iminikelo yabo ilandelwa lula, njengoko bonke babhala imisebenzi ebalulekileyo eyayikunceda ukuphululela unyango lwabasebenzi.
Ukuziqhelanisa nemisebenzi yabo, kunye naba bantu abathathu, kubalulekile ekuqondeni ukukhula kobugcisa bezakhono.
USusan Elizabeth Tracy
USusan Tracy wamenywa ukuba abe yinxalenye yeqela elisekayo, kodwa wayefundisa ikhosi ekusebenzeni kwaye akakwazanga ukuya khona. USusan, ngoko ke, uboniswe njengombandakanyi kunokuba ngumsekeli.
UTracy uqeqeshiwe njengomongikazi kwaye wayesebenzisa imisebenzi kunye nezigulana ukukhawulezisa inkqubo yokuphilisa (nokuqeqesha abanye abahlengikazi ukuba benze okufanayo) ngowe-1905.
Abaninzi babasunguli bajolise kwiinjongo zabo ekuhloliseni ukusetyenziswa kwonyango lwabaqeshwa kulabo abaneemeko zempilo yengqondo.
UTracy ubona isicelo esicacileyo. Ngowe-1910, wapapasha incwadi ethi Studies in Occidation Occupation . Izahluko zezihloko zeencwadi zakhe zibonisa, kumagama kaTracy, onokufumana inzuzo ekusebenziseni imisebenzi: abantwana abaqhelekileyo, izikhundla ezithintelekileyo, kwicandelo lokufunda, ukufumana isifundo esisodwa, inkwenkwe yokugula, esibhedlele, ugogo, umntu oshishino, kunye amagunya amanqabileyo, ngexesha lokulinda, ngaphandle kokubona, ingqondo ephahlileyo.
UHerbert J. Hall, MD
UHerbert Hall waphumelela ngo-1885 nge-degree yezokwelapha evela eHarvard. IHolo yayinomdla wokudibanisa i-Arts and Crafts Movement kwiyeza. Umsebenzi wakhe wekliniki wagxila ekumiseni nasekulawuleni "unyango losebenza" njengonyango kwizigulane ezineengxaki zeentlungu. Wavula i-workshop eMassachusetts apho waqesha khona abagcisa ukuba bafundise ukukhenka ngesandla, ubumba, izityebhe kunye nokusebenza kwemithi. Ngowe-1905 no-1909 iHolo yafumana i-$ 1000 inkxaso evela eHarvard ukukunceda ekufundeni unyango lwe-neurasthenia ngomsebenzi.
Ngenxa yezizathu endithanda ukuyifumana, ukutyunjwa kwakhe kokufakwa kuMbutho kaZwelonke wokuPhakanyiswa koPhando lwezeMisebenzi kuye kwachithwa nguWilliam Rush Dunton.
IHolo yaqhubeka ibe ngumongameli we-American Occupational Therapy Association kusukela ngo-1920-1922.
IHolo eneemibhalo ezintathu ezisekhona kubafundi: Ingqondo engapheliyo, Umsebenzi weeNtloko zethu: Isifundo seMisebenzi yokuSebenzi , kunye neMisebenzi yezandla zabasebenzi abakhubazekile .
Adolf Meyer
UMeyer wayengumhlengikazi oqaqambileyo kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane ye-20. Wayekhonza njengesi sifo sengqondo kunye nentloko kwisibhedlele sikaJohn Hopkins iminyaka engaphezu kwe-30 kwaye wayengumongameli we-American Psychiatric Association ukususela ngo-1927-1928.
Ukuchasana kukaMeyer kunye nomdla kwimisebenzi yesigulane kwaqala ngowe-1892 waza wachaza ngenye yeemviwo zokuqala ezazisenza e-US
KuJohn Hopkins, waqasha u-Eleanor Clarke Slagle njengoMlawuli wezoNyango. I-Slagle, ngoku ithathwa ngokuba ngumama wonyango, isebenzisa iMeyer njengempembelelo enkulu kumsebenzi wayo.
UMeyer wabhala i- Philosophy ye-Occupational Therapy kwaye wayihambisa kwintlanganiso yesibini yesizwe yoLuntu kaZwelonke ekuKhuthazeni iNyango yokuSebenza. Ingqungqutyana engezantsi ibonisa ukuqonda kweMeyer ye-psyhcobiololgy-umxholo awayewuncoma-apho isifo sengqondo sithatha ingqalelo kwizinto eziphilayo, ezentlalontle kunye neengqondo zomntu xa zichaza unyango.
Ukuqonda okupheleleyo kwezigulane zakhe kwakusondelelene kakhulu nomdla wakhe kwipilisi yokusebenza.
Umzimba wethu awukho nje iipounds ezininzi zeenyama kunye nethambo ecinga njengomshini, onengqondo engacacanga okanye umphefumlo ongezelelwe kuwo. Kuyo yonke into ephilayo ejikeleza isingqisho sayo sokuphumla kunye nomsebenzi, ukubetha ixesha (njengoko singasithetha) kwiindlela ezininzi kangaka, ezininzi ziqondakala ngokucacileyo kwaye zizalisekile ngokupheleleyo xa ziziva zifana nenye yazo - ukuguqulwa kwamandla-transformers okwenza umhlaba wangempela wezinto eziphilayo.