Ngo-Matshi 15-17, 1917, kwindlu yokubhoda e-Clifton Springs, eNew York, abantu abathandathu badibana ukuze bafumane uMbutho weSizwe wokuPhakanyiswa koPhando lwezeMisebenzi. Ukusetyenziswa kwemisebenzi bekuye kwanda kulo lonke iqela leminyaka, kodwa le ntlanganiso ibhekwa njengokwakhiwa komsebenzi omtsha.
Namhlanje, unyango lwabantu basebenza ngokubanzi lujikeleza ihlabathi.
E-US kuphela, isebenzisa abantu abangama-140 000 kwaye enye yeyona mi sebenzi ekhula ngokukhawuleza eMelika.
Abasunguli babequka umqondo weengqondo, unobhala, utitshala, intlalontle kunye nabakhi bezakhiwo ezimbini. Ngamnye wayekholelwa ukuba unyameko olunikezelwa kwizibhedlele alufanelekanga. Bekholelwa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwemisebenzi yokuhlala ngexesha lezigulane kwakunokukwazi ukuphucula inkqubo yokuphilisa.
Qaphela ukuba unyaka osisiseko uhambelana ne-US engena kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi I, eza kuzisa iimfuno ezintsha kunye namathuba kulo msebenzi wokuhlaziya. Kwakhona, phawula ukuba abathathu abasunguli-sixhenxe babengabesifazane-ubungakanani obuphawulekayo becinga ukuba kuya kuba yiminyaka emithathu ngaphambi kokuba i-US ikwazi ukuqonda ilungelo lomfazi lokuvota.
UGeorge Edward Barton: Umqambi kunye nesifo soTyhusezi
UGeorge Barton, kunye noWilliam Rush Dunton Jr., wayengumsekeli wabasunguli. Yena kunye no-Dunton banamemela kwamanye amalungu amane.
UBarton wayengumakhi wezakhiwo, owayengumntu omdala wabulawa yisifo sofuba kunye nokukhubazeka kwesigxina. Emva koko, wachitha ixesha kwi-sanatorium kwaye waxhaswa yiimeko.
Ngethuba e-sanatorium, waba nomdla ekusebenziseni umsebenzi ukuphucula umgangatho wokunyamekela nokukhutshwa.
Wabhambathisa ukuchitha ubomi bakhe bonke "ezinikezele kwisifundo sokugonywa kwabagulayo nabakhubazekile." Wasekela i-Consolation House, iprototype yokuqala yesikhungo sokuvuselela, apho wayesebenzela unyango lwabaqeshwa.
UDkt. William Rush Dunton, Jr.'s: I-Psychiatrist
UDunton wayengudokotela owakhonza njengoMongameli wokuqala weSizwe weSizwe ukuPhakanyiswa koPhando lwezeMisebenzi. Wayekhonza kwi-faculty kwi-John Hopkins School of Medicine kunye nodokotela oncedisayo kwi-Sheppard Asylum.
UDunton wasebenzisa imisebenzi kunye nabathengi bakhe kwaye wabona amandla ekusebenzeni. Ngaphezulu kwekhosi yakhe, wabhala ngokugqithiseleyo malunga nokusebenza, ebhala iincwadi ezili-120 kunye namanqaku anxulumene nophatho lomsebenzi. Imisebenzi emikhulu yayiquka iMigaqo yeCandelo loPhando lwezeMisebenzi (1918), iTransinstruction Treatment (1919), kunye nokuLawulwa kweeNgqesho (1928).
USusan Cox Johnson: Uotitshala
USusan Johnson waqeqeshwa njengomfundisi waza waqala umsebenzi wakhe ngokufundisa ubugcisa bezkolo eziphakamileyo naseBrkley, eCalifornia. Wandula waya ePhilippines ukuba abe ngumsebenzi omfutshane wokufundisa. Wabuyela e-US ngo-1912 waza wafumana umsebenzi njengoMlawuli weKomiti yokuSebenza kwiSebe leeNkonzo zikaRhulumente eNew York State.
USusan waqhubeka nokufundisa unyango lwabaqeshwa kwisebe labongikazi e-Columbia kwaye uququzelele kwaye aqondise isebe lezonyango elisebenzayo kwi-Home and Hospital yaseMonfiore. Kwakhona wabhala amanqaku amaninzi malunga nokunyanga kwabaqeshwa kwiSibhedlele samanje .
UTomas Bessell Kidner: Omnye uMcwangcisi
UThomas Kidner usebenze njengoMongameli weSizwe weSizwe ukuKhuthazwa koPhando lwezeMisebenzi ukususela ngo-1923-1928. Wahlala eCanada kwaye wayenguNobhala Wezobuchule base-Canada Hospital. I-Kidner idityaniswe nesakhiwo esiphuthumayo kunye nomsebenzi woluntu, ngokudala irejistra kazwelonke nokumisela imigangatho yemfundo yabasebenzi beengcali.
U-Isabel Barton wathi oku nguKidner, "Wayenobuntu obumnandi, ngoko ke waseBrithani, kwaze kwaba yinto yokukhanda kwengubo yakhe yasekuseni, iingubo ezifakwe emacaleni, i-collar ephiko, kunye ne-tie. Wayegcwele ubungqina kwaye yena noMnu. Barton bahlala kunye njengama-raconteurs. "
U-Isabel G. Newton: UNobhala
Ngomnyaka we-1916, u-Isabel wayesebenza njengomgcini-ncwadi kumgcini wokulondoloza kunye nokwenza isitya, xa efumene umnxeba esuka kuGeorge Barton ukulinganisa umdla wakhe wokuba ngunobhala weNdlu ye-Consolation House. Baya kutshata. U-Isabel wasebenza kunye naye ekufundiseni abantu abahlala kwi-Consolation House, de wafa ngo-1923. Ngo-1968, wabhala isihloko se -American Journal of Occupational Therapy - "Indlu yeNduduzo, iminyaka engama-50 edlulileyo" lwababasunguli.
Eleanor Clarke Slagle: UmSebenzi woLuntu
U-Eleanor Clarke Slagle wayethatha izifundo kwiinkonzo zentlalontle (kubandakanya iintetho ezivela kuJane Adams) xa ngo-1911, wagqiba izifundo zeCandelo loLonwabo kunye noLonwabo kwi-Chicago School of Civic and Philanthropy. Kwiminyaka embalwa, waba ngumqondisi wesebe lophando lootitshala kwi-John Hopkins, eBoston, phantsi kwe-Adolf Meyer, omnye umgqugquzeli wokuqala unyango.
Wabuyela eChicago ngo-1915 waza wamisa isikolo se-Henry B. Favill yeeNgqesho waza wachaza isikolo ukususela ngo-1915 ukuya ku-1920. Ukususela apho, wathuthela eNew York ukuba abe ngumlawuli wezonyango zengqesho kwiSebe laseNew York State of Hygiene mentality .
U-Eleanor ukhethwa njengomphathi we-Society for the Promotion of therapy Occupational Therapy ngo-1917 waza waqhubeka ekhonza kwiofisi nganye ekhoyo phakathi ko-1917 no-1937.
I-Slagle ithathwa njengomama wonyango lomsebenzi. Umbutho wase-American Occupational Therapy rhoqo unyaka i-Eleanor Clarke Slagle. Iziphumo zakhe azizange zibonwe ngethuba lakhe lomsebenzi: uEleanor Roosevelt wathetha kwixesha lakhe lokuthatha umhlalaphantsi.