Ukujongwa kwiteva, ukujuluka, i-cerebrospinal fluid, kunye nokunye
Unokumangaliswa ukuva ukuba ukubunjwa kwamanzi ethu omzimba kunzima kakhulu. Ngokubhekiselele kumanzi omzimba, ifom ilandela umsebenzi . Umzimba wethu uququzelela ezi zixhobo ukuze zihlangabezane neemfuno zethu zomzimba, zengqondo, kunye nezifo.
Masiqwalasele ngokuthe ngqo ukuba zeziphi izixhobo zomzimba ezisibhozo ezenziwe nge: (1) ukukhupha, (2) i-CSF, (3) igazi, (4) umlenze, (5) iinyembezi, (6) umchamo, (7) (8) ubisi lwebele.
I swe swe
Ukuphalaza kuyindlela yokwenza i-thermoregulation-indlela esizipholisa ngayo. I-sweat iphuphuma ebusweni besikhumba sethu kwaye ikhuphe imizimba yethu.
Kutheni ungafungi? Kutheni ufungela kakhulu? Kukho ukuhluka kobuninzi abantu abakhuphayo. Abanye abantu bayaphupha ngaphantsi, kwaye abanye abantu bayajuluka ngaphezulu. Izinto ezinokuchaphazela ukuba uzikhupha kangakanani zibandakanya i-genetics, ubulili, indawo kunye nenqanaba lokufaneleka.
Nazi ezinye iinkcukacha eziqhelekileyo malunga nokuthuthumela:
- Amadoda athwala ngaphezu kwamabhinqa.
- Abantu abangaphandle kobunzima baphupha kakhulu kunabantu abaphezulu kwinqanaba lokuzivocavoca.
- Ubume be-Hydration buyakuchaphazela indlela okhupha ngayo.
- Abantu abanzima kakhulu baphupha ngaphezu kwabantu abakhanyayo ngenxa yokuba banomzimba omkhulu wokuzipholisa.
I-Hyperhidrosis yimeko yonyango apho umntu angakwazi ukukhupha ngokugqithiseleyo, nangona ngexesha lokuphumla okanye xa kubanda. I-Hyperhidrosis inokuvela ngasese kwezinye iimeko, ezifana ne-hyperthyroidism, isifo senhliziyo, umdlavuza kunye ne-carcinoid syndrome.
I-Hyperhidrosis yinto engahlaziyiyo kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ihlazo. Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba une hyperhidrosis, nceda udibane nodokotela wakho. Kukho iindlela zokunonyango ezikhoyo, ezifana nabachasayo, amayeza, iBotox, kunye nokuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe izigulane ezingaphezulu.
Ukubunjwa kwe-sweat kuncike kwiimeko ezininzi, kubandakanywa ukungena kwamanzi, ukufudumala kwamanzi, ukuthuthwa kwamanzi, kunye nomsebenzi we-hormonal kunye nohlobo lwe-sweat gland (eccrine okanye apocrine).
Ngokubanzi, i-sweat iqulethe oku kulandelayo:
- Amanzi
- I-sodium chloride (ityuwa)
- Urea (utywala imveliso)
- Albumin (protein)
- I-Electrolytes (i-sodium, i-potassium, i-magnesium kunye ne-calcium)
Iphunga eliveliswa yizikhonkwane ze- eccrine , ezingaphezulu koko, zivumba. Nangona kunjalo, i-sweat eyenziwa yi- apocrine ekhukhumezayo i-apocrine sweat glands e-armpit (axilla) kunye ne-groin i-smellier kuba iqulethe izinto ezibonakalayo ezivela ekuhlaleni kweebhaktheriya. Iisaliti ezithuthukileyo zinika ukunambitha okunomsoco. I-pH yemirhumo yokukhupha phakathi kwe-4.5 no-7.5.
Kuyathakazelisa, uphando lubonisa ukuba ukutya kunokuchaphazela ukwakhiwa kwe-sweat, nayo. Abantu abadla i-sodium eninzi banomlinganiselo ophezulu we-sodium kwi-sweat yabo. Ngokwahlukileyo, abantu abasebenzisa i-sodium encinci bakhupha imfudu equkethe i-sodium encinane.
Cerebrospinal Fluid
I-Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), ehlamba ubuchopho kunye nomgudu womgogodla, umbane ocacileyo kunye ongenambala, onemisebenzi emininzi. Okokuqala, inikeza izondlo kwiingqondo kunye nomtya wokugqithisa. Okwesibini, liyakususa imveliso yeenkunkuma kwi-system central nervous system. Okwesithathu, i-cushions iphinda ikhusele inkqubo ye-nervous central.
I-CSF iveliswa yi-plexus ye-choroid. I-plexus ye-choroid yinkonzo yamaseli ase-brain ventles kwaye icebile kwimithambo yegazi.
Inani elincinane le-CSF lithathwe kwi-barrier-brain brain. I-CSF yenziwe ngamavithamini amaninzi, ion (oko kukuthi, iiriti), kunye neeprotheni ziquka oku kulandelayo:
- Sodium
- Chloride
- Bicarbonate
- Potassium (ixabiso elincinci)
- I-calcium (imali encinci)
- Magnesium (ixabiso elincinci)
- I-Ascorbic acid (i-vitamin)
- Ifolate (i-vitamin)
- I-thiamine kunye ne-pyridoxal monophosphates (iivithamini)
- Leptin (iprotheni ephuma egazini)
- I-Transthyretin (iiprotheyini eziveliswa yi-plexus ye-choroid)
- Ukukhula okufana ne-Insulin okanye i-IGF (eveliswa yi-plexus ye-choroid)
- I-neutrotrophic factor okanye i-BDNF (eyenziwa yi-plexus ye-choroid)
Igazi
Igazi ngumbane ojikelezayo ngentliziyo kunye nemithambo yegazi (cinga iirriyiti kunye nemivilini).
Yithatha isondlo kunye ne-oksijini kuwo wonke umzimba. Iqukethe:
- I-Plasma: inkunkuma ephuzi ephuzi eyenza isigaba segazi esisemanzini
- I-leukocyte: iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe ezinemisebenzi yomzimba
- I-Erythrocytes: iiseli zegazi ezibomvu
- Iiplatelets: iiseli ezingenazo i-nucleus ezibandakanyeka ekugqibeleni
Amaseli egazi ezimhlophe, amaseli obomvu, kunye ne-erythrocyte zonke zivela kumnatha wethambo.
I-Plasma yenziwe ngamanzi. Amanqaku emzimbeni wonke ahlulwe ngamacandelo amathathu amanzi: (1) i-plasma; 2) i-interstitial fluid, okanye i-lymph; kunye (3) ne-intracellular fluid (ngaphakathi kwamaseli).
I-Plasma nayo yenziwe (1) ions okanye iisaliti (i-sodium, i-chloride kunye ne-bicarbonate); (2) iicidi ze-organic; kunye (3) neeprotheni. Ngokuthakazelisayo, ukubunjwa kwe-i-ioni ye-plasma kufana neye-interstitial fluids efana ne-lymph, kunye ne-plasma ene-protein encinci kakhulu kune-lymph.
I-Saliva kunye nezinye iimfihlo zeMucosal
I-saliva ngokwenene uhlobo lwe-mucus. I-Mucus yinto efihla iimbumba ze-mucous kwaye yenziwe ngamacwecwe amacwecwe, i-saline engabonakaliyo, i-leukocytes, kunye neenqamlezo zesikhumba (ezinqabileyo).
I-saliva icacile, i-alkali, kwaye ithile. Ifihliwe yi-parotidi, i-sublingual, i-submaxillary, kunye neengqungquthela ezingezantsi kunye nezinye iincinci ezincinci. I-enzyme ye-salivary α-amylase inegalelo ekutyeni ukutya. Ukongezelela, i-sali iyancipha kwaye ithambisa ukutya.
Ukongezelela kwi-α-amylase, ehlahla isitashi kwi-maltose ishukela, umquba uqulethe i-globulin, i-serum albumin, i-mucin, i-leukoctyes, i-thiocynate, ne-epithelial debris. Ukongezelela, kuxhomekeke ekuhleni, iibhox zinokufumaneka kwi-saliva.
Ukubunjwa kwemali kunye nezinye iintlobo zemfihlo ye-mucosal ziyahluka ngokwemiqathango yemimandla ethile ye-anatomical eyenzileyo okanye i-humisten. Eminye imisebenzi eyenziwa yilezi zixhobo zamanzi zibandakanya oku kulandelayo:
- Ukutya okunomsoco
- Ukuxhamla kwemveliso yeenkunkuma
- Ukutshintshwa kweGesi
- Ukukhuselwa kwiimichiza kunye noxinzelelo
- Ukukhuselwa kwii-microbes (ibhakteria)
I-saliva kunye nezinye iimfihlo zokungena kwi-mucosal zikwabelana ezininzi kwiiprotheni ezifanayo. Ezi proteins zixutywe ngokuhlukileyo kwiimpawu ezihlukeneyo ze-mucosal ngokusekelwe kumsebenzi wazo. Iiprotheyini ezizikhethekileyo kuphela kumathambo zi-histatins kunye nama-protein ase-rich proline (PRPs).
I-Histatins iphethe iipropati ze-antibacterial and antifungicidal. Baye bancedise ukwakha i-pellicle, okanye isikhumba esikhathekayo okanye ifilimu, loo mizila emlonyeni. Ukongezelela, i-histatins iiprotheni ezichasayo ezivimbela ukukhululwa kwe-histamine ngamaselitha omzimba.
I-PRPs ye-Acidi kwi-sali zizityebi kwi-amino acid ezifana ne-proline, glycine, ne-glutamic acid. Ezi proteins zinokunceda nge calcium kunye nezinye i-homeostasis zamaminerali emlonyeni. (I-calcium yintloko yezinyo kunye nethambo.) I-PRPs ye-Acidi inganciphisa izinto ezinobuthi ezitholakala ekudleni. Ingqalelo, ii-PRP ezisisiseko azifumananga kuphela ematheni kodwa nakwiimfihlo zengxowanxu kunye nezomzimba kwaye zingakhokelela imisebenzi engaphezulu yokukhusela.
Iiprotheni ezithe zafunyanwa ngokubanzi kuzo zonke iimfihlo ze-mucosal zinegalelo kwimisebenzi eqhelekileyo kuyo yonke indawo ye-mucosal njenge-lubrification. Ezi proteins ziwela kwiindidi ezimbini:
Iqela lokuqala liqukethe amaprotheni aveliswa ngamajethi afana nawo afumaneka kuzo zonke iingqungquthela ze-salivary ne-mucous: lisozyme (i-enzyme) kunye ne-sIgA (i-antibody ene-immune function).
Udidi lwesibini luqulethe iiprotheni ezingafaniyo kodwa kunokwabelana ngokufana kwezakhi zofuzo kunye nezakhiwo, njenge-mucins, i-α-amylase (i-enzyme), i-kallikreins (i-enzymes) kunye ne-cystatins. Iimucuc zinika i-saliva nezinye iindidi ze-viscosity yazo, okanye ubuninzi.
Kwiphepha le-2011 elipapashwe kwi- Proteome Science , u-Ali kunye nababhali be-co-cho bafumana iindidi ezingama-55 ezahlukahlukeneyo ezikhoyo kwi-airway. Okubaluleke kakhulu, iimpawu zamanzi zenza i-complex (i-molecular-weight-weight) i-glycosylated complexes kunye nezinye iiprotheni ezifana ne-sIgA kunye ne-albin. Ezi zakhiwo zikunceda ukukhusela ekudambiseni amanzi, ukugcina i-viscoelasticity, ukukhusela iiseli ezikhoyo kwiindawo ze-mucosal kunye neebhaktheriya ezicacileyo.
Iinyembezi
Iinyembezi zihlobo olukhethekileyo lwe-mucus. Ziveliswa zizigulane ezilahlayo. Iinyembezi zivelisa ifilimu ekhuselekileyo ebeka iliso iliso kwaye litshitshise ngothuli kunye nezinye izinto ezivuthayo. Benza i-oxygenate amehlo kwaye bancedise ngokukhutshwa kombane ngokusebenzisa i-cornea kunye ne-lens endleleni eya kwi-retina.
Iinyembezi zinomxube onqabileyo weetyu, amanzi, iiprotheni, i-lipids kunye ne-mucins. Kukho iindidi ezili-1526 zeeprotheni ngezinyembezi. Okuthakazelisayo, xa kuthelekiswa ne-serum kunye ne-plasma, iinyembezi ziyinkimbinkimbi.
Elinye iprotheni ebalulekileyo efumaneka kwiinyembezi yi-lysozyme enzyme, ekhusela amehlo kwintsholongwane yebhaktheriya. Ukongezelela, i-secretory Immunoglobulin A (i-IAA) iyona nto i-immunoglobulin efunyenwe kwiinyembezi kwaye isebenza ukukhusela amehlo ekuchaseni amagciwane.
Urine
I-Urine iveliswa yizintso. Kwenziwe ngokubanzi ngamanzi. Ukongezelela, iqukethe i-ammonia, izicwangciso (i-sodium, i-potassium, njalo njalo) kunye ne-anion (i-chloride, i-bicarbonate, njalonjalo). I-Urine iqulethe imimandla enesityebi esinzima, njengethusi, i-mercury, i-nickel kunye ne-zinc.
Imihla
Isilwanyana somntu sinqunywe isilwanyana kwi-plasma enezondlo kwaye yenziwe ngamacandelo avela kwiCowper (i-bulbourethral) kunye neengqungquthela zeLittre, i-prostate gland, i-ampulla kunye ne-epididymis, kunye ne-vesicle vesicles. Imfihlo yeengqungquthela ezahlukeneyo ixutywe ngokungaqhelekanga kwimbewu yonke.
Inxalenye yokuqala ye-ejaculate, eyenza malunga neepesenti ezintlanu zevolumu epheleleyo, ivela kwiingqungquthela zeCowper kunye neLittre. Inxalenye yesibini ye-ejaculate ivela kwi-prostate gland kwaye yenza phakathi kweepesenti ezili-15 kunye ne-30 ekhulwini yexabiso. Emva koko, i-ampulla ne-epididymis benza igalelo elincinci kwi-ejaculate. Ekugqibeleni, i-vesic vesicles igalelo lonke i-ejaculate, kwaye ezi mpahla zenza ubuninzi bomthamo wesondlo.
Iprotate inceda ezi iamolekyu, iiprotheni, kunye neenon zilandelayo:
- Icitric acid
- Inositol (i-vitamin-like alcohol)
- Zinc
- ICalcium
- Magnesium
- I-Acid phosphatase (i-enzyme)
Ukuxinwa kwe-calcium, i-magnesium, kunye ne-zinc kwi-semen kuyahluka phakathi kwamadoda.
I-vesin vesicle ifake oku kulandelayo:
- Ascorbic acid
- Fructose
- Iprostaglandins (i-hormone-like)
Nangona ininzi ye-fructose kwi-semen, iyishukela esetshenzisiweyo njenge-fuel sperm, itholakala kwi-vesic vesicles, i-fructose encinci ifihliwe yi-ampulla ye-ductus deferens. I-epididymis igalela i-L-carnitine kunye ne-alpha-glucosidase engathathi hlangothi.
Ubundlobongela bunzulu bendalo. Nangona kunjalo, isilwanyana sinomthamo ophezulu wokukhupha, ovumela ukuba kugcinwe i-pH engekho-hlangothi kwaye ungene kwi-mucus yomlomo, ene-pH engekho nto. Akucaci kakuhle ukuba kutheni inambuzane inomthamo ophezulu wokukhupha. Iingcali zixhomekeka ukuba i-HCO3 / CO2 (i-bicarbonate / carbon dioxide), iiprotheyini, kunye neengxenye eziphantsi ze-molecular weight, ezifana ne-citrate, i-phosphate engenangqungquthela kunye ne-pyruvate, zonke zifaka isandla ekukhuseleni amandla.
I-osmolarity yelungu iphakamileyo kakhulu ngenxa yezinto eziphezulu zokushukela (i-fructose) kunye ne-ionic salts (i-magnesium, i-potassium, i-sodium, njalonjalo).
Iimpawu ze-rheological zembewu zihluke kakhulu. Nge-ejaculation, i-semen kuqala idibanisa kwi-gelatinous material. Izinto ze-coagulation zifihliwe ngamagqabha esondlo. Le gelatinous material iguqulwa ibe yinqwelo emva kokuba izinto ezixhamlayo zivela kwi-prostate ziyasebenza.
Ukongezelela ekunikezeni amandla kumduna, i-fructose iyanceda kwakhona ukwakha iiprotheni ezinzima kwi-sperm. Ukongezelela, emva kwexesha, i-fructose idiliza inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-fructolysis kwaye ivelise i-lactic acid. Umlenze omdala uphezulu kwi-lactic acid.
Umthamo we-ejaculate uguquke kakhulu kwaye kuxhomekeke ekubeni ngaba uhanjiswe emva kwe-masturbation okanye ngexesha le-coitus. Okuthakazelisayo kukuba, nokuba kusetyenziswe ikhondom kunokuchaphazela umthamo wenyama. Abanye abaphandi baqikelela ukuba umyinge wesilinganiso sembewu ngu 3.4 mL.
Ubisi Ubisi
Ubisi lwebele lubandakanya konke ukutya okunomntwana osanda kuzalwa. Ingumthombo oqhekezayo ocebileyo kwioli, iiprotheni, i-carbohydrates, i-acids acids, i-amino acids, amaminerali, amavithamini kunye nezinto ezilandelelanayo. Iqulethe iindidi ezahlukahlukeneyo ze-bioactive, ezifana nama-hormone, izinto ezinobungozi be-antimicrobial, i-enzymes yokutya, iimeko ze-trophic, kunye ne-modulators yokukhula.
Ndijonge phambili
Ukuqonda ukuba zeziphi izifo zomzimba ezenziwe kunye nokufaniswa kwezi zifo zomzimba zinokusetyenziswa kwezifo kunye nokuxilonga. Ngokomzekelo, kwintsimi yonyango lokukhusela, kunomdla ekuhlalutheni iinyembezi kwiimpawu zezilwanyana ukuze kuhlolwe izifo zamehlo ezomileyo, i-glaucoma, i-retinopathies, umhlaza, i-multiple sclerosis, kunye nokunye.
> Imithombo
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