I-Metastasis ligama elisetyenziselwa ukuchaza i-tumor eye yasasazeka ngaphandle kwendawo yayo ephambili. Kumdlavuza wekolon ophezulu, i-metastasis yexumla idlalwa kakhulu kwimiphunga okanye isibindi. Ezi zicubu zinokufumaneka ngexesha ofunyanwe ukuba unomdlavuza wekolon, njengokuphindaphinda , okanye ukuba umhlaza unamandla kwaye uqhubeka ukhula kwaye usasazeka.
Ukubonisa iimpawu zeMetastasis
Ngamanye amaxesha, iimpawu zesifo se-metastasis ziqala ukubonisa ngaphambi kokuba naziphi na iimvavanyo zokuxilonga eziqinisekisileyo.
Nangona ezinye zeempawu zikwazi ukugqithisa ngeempembelelo zonyango, izibonakaliso zokutyhila kwe-metastasis yesibindi zingabandakanya:
- Ukukhathala okukhulu
- Ukukhathazeka nokuntuleka kwesidlo
- Ukutshabalalisa okanye uhudo
- Isikhumba esikhulayo
- Amehlo aphuzi okanye ulusu
- Isisu esiswini
Nangona ezi zibonakaliso azikho ikhonkrithi, zingabonakalisa ukulimala kwesibindi. Njengoko iimvumba zihlasela isibindi, zinciphisa amandla okusebenza ngokufanelekileyo. Isibindi sakho sinendima ebalulekileyo ebandakanyekayo kunye nokukwazi ukuxhasa impilo yakho ukuze uncede umzimba wakho usebenzise i-glucose kwaye uphinde uphinde usebenzise inkunkuma.
Njengoko iimvumi zikhula ngaphakathi kwesibindi, iimpawu zingakhula ngamandla. Njengoko amaprotheni amanqanaba egazini lakho ayancipha, i-fluid ingangena kwisisu kwaye ibangele ukugcinwa kwamanzi kunye nokugcinwa kwamanzi kunye neengxaki zesibindi. Ukwanda kwamanzi kwisisu sakho kungakhokelela ukuvuvukala nokuphazamiseka ezintsini nasezinyaweni zakho, ngakumbi emva kokuma okanye ukuhlala ixesha elide.
Ukuqinisekisa iSityholo
Izidumbu ze-Metastatic zesibindi zifumaneka rhoqo ngeemvavanyo zegazi okanye ziqinisekiswe yi-biopsy okanye isisu se-computed tomography (CT). Oogqirha abavame kakhulu basebenzisa uvavanyo ukuqinisekisa ukusola kweemetastas okanye ukukhula komhlaza kukuhlolwa kwegazi. Igazi livavanywa ngabamakishi abathintekayo .
Ummakishi we-tumor angaba neprotheyini ehambelana nomhlobo othile wesifo somhlaza. Kwii-cancer e-colorectal, uphawu lwe-tumor ugqirha ekhangele egazini lakho luhlobo lweprotheni olubizwa ngokuba yi-carcinoembryonic antigen, okanye i- CEA . I-marker marker ecacileyo kwisifo somhlaza wesibindi kunye ne-metastasis ibizwa ngokuba yi-alpha fetoprotein okanye i-AFP.
Ukubukela amanqaku e-tumor egazini akuboneleli ubungqina obucacileyo bemetastasis. Abamakishi be-tumor bangaphakanyiswa ngenxa yezizathu ezimbalwa-eziqhelekileyo ukuphendula (okanye ukungabikho) kwiyeza zonyango . Njengoko i-chemotherapy ibulala amangqamuzana omhlaza , inokukhupha le protein kwigazi lakho, kubangele i-spike yesikhashana kwi-marker yakho. Ugqirha wakho uya kujonga ezi zivivinyo zegazi ngexesha kunye nokubambisa iziphumo kunye neziphumo zakhe zonyango.
I-CT yesisu sakho ingabonisa i-metastasis yesibindi, ingakumbi ukuba i-ejenti eyahlukileyo isetyenziswa. Ama-contrast agents achaza umfanekiso kwaye avumele ugqirha ukuba akwazi ukubona iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu, kodwa akusoloko ziyimfuneko. Ukuba kuyadingeka, i-needle core biopsy (okanye enye, inaliti yefestile efanelekileyo ) inokuyalelwa ngexesha elifanayo kunye novavanyo lwe-CT esiswini. Ukusebenzisa inaliti encome kakhulu, ende ende, ugqirha usebenzisa i-CT ukufumanisa nokuhlukanisa ubunzima besibindi kwaye ihoxise isampuli yamaseli.
I-pathologist ijonge iiseli ngaphantsi kwe-microscope kwaye ikhetha ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kwikholoni okanye ukuba umhlaza wesibindi ungumhlaza omtsha, ozimele. Oku kunokuchaphazela ukhetho lwenyango, ukugxekwa, kunye nesigaba nomdlavuza wakho.
Ukuphonononga Iindlela Zonyango
Kukho iindlela ezininzi ugqirha wakho angasondela ekuphatheni izibilini zesibindi. Unokuphakamisa ukuhlinzwa, ukuchithwa okanye ukukhetha unyango . Isicwangciso sonyango sakho sincike kwimibandela emibini, kuquka:
- Ibakala kunye nebakala lomhlaza wakho
- Ubudala bakho kunye nempilo yangoku
- Inombolo kunye neendawo zokuhlamba zikhoyo kwisibindi sakho
- Impilo yesibindi sakho esingenakuchaphazeleka
- Ukuba iimvumba zakho okanye iirriyiti zisondele kwiimvumba esiswini sakho
- Uhlobo lwenyango oye wanyamezela (ukhemotherapy, i-radiation, okanye utyando) ukunyanga izifo eziphambili zomhlaza
Ukutshatyalaliswa kokutyunjwa kwesifo se-tumor kubizwa ngokuba yi-resection. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ugqirha uya kuphakamisa kuphela ukuhlinzwa xa isilonda sisodwa kwaye ukuba sinokutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo (enye okanye iimvumi ezimbini ngemida echazwe ngokucacileyo).
I-ablation ye-Radiofrequency (ebizwa ngokuba yi-RFA) yindlela eyenziwa ngamanye amaxesha ukutshabalalisa izilonda kwisibindi ukuba ukuthengiswa kokugqithisa akukhethi. I-RFA ingagqitywa ngesikhumba (nge-cutaneous) okanye ngexesha lotyando. Inaliti okanye iprobhethi ibangela ukushisa ngokusebenzisa i-radiofrequency, ephindaphinda ize isitshabalalise iiseli zomhlaza.
Izinketho zokwelapha eziPilliative
Ukuba ugqirha wakho ugqibe ukuba awuyiyo umviwa wokuthengisa okanye i-RFA, unokukhuthaza iindlela zokunyanga ukunyusa ukunyusa nokunyamezela. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukwakhiwa kwamanzi kunye nokuvuvukala esiswini sakho kungabangela ukungathandeki kwaye kunokucinywa ngokusebenzisa ukususwa kwe-ultrasound. Inkqubo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-paracentesis okanye ibhobho yesisu, idinga inaliti ukuba ikhuphe i-fluid excess. I-fluid iya kuphinda iqokelele, ngoko le nkqubo ingafuna ukuba iphindwe rhoqo emva kweeveki ezimbalwa okanye iinyanga ezimbalwa.
I-radiation palliative kunye ne- chemotherapy ingasetyenziselwa ukulawula ukukhula nokusasazeka kwe-metastasis yesibindi. Unyango alujoliswanga "ukunyanga" umhlaza, kuphela ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka okuhambelana nezicubu zesibindi.
Imithombo:
American Cancer Society. (2006). I-American Cancer Society's Guide epheleleyo yeCrorectal Cancer . Clifton Fields, NE: I-American Cancer Society.
American Cancer Society. (nd). AbakwaMator Markers basebenzisa njani?
National Cancer Institute. (nd). Isigaba IV kunye neCaron Reconrent Cancer.