Imithetho yaseMerika ikhusela amalungelo abo bommi ukuba afe
Kukho ukunqwenela okukhulu kumacala omabini empikiswano, kodwa ilungelo lokusemthethweni lokukhetha ukufa liye lafumana intambo e-United States ngemithetho eye yagqitywa kokubili kumgangatho wesigqeba kunye nesimo.
Imbali Yomthetho weMilinganiselo yokuLungelo lokuSifa
Umthetho wokuqala owenziwe kumgangatho wesigqeba ojongene nesigulane esinelungelo lokukhetha ubomi obuqhubekayo, okanye ukufa kuthiwa nguMthetho Wokuzibophezela Umonde , wanyuswa ngo-1991. Lo myalelo wanika abemi baseMerika ilungelo lokuphuhlisa izikhokelo ezisemthethweni ngokuzibophezela ezibonisa ukuba apho unyango oluza kuphila luya kwamkela kwiimeko ezinzima kwaye ezinzima. Oku kuya kufumaneka ngamaxwebhu afana neendleko zokuphila, ungagcini imiyalelo (DNR), ugqirha okanye iicandelo zonyango ukuphelisa unyango lokuphila (POLST, MOLST), nabanye.
Ukufa okuMnyama nokuPhumela kokuFazeka
Kodwa ukhetha oko kuza kwenzeka kuwe xa ufumana kwiimeko ezinzulu (okanye xa ungaziqondi kakuhle ukuba uqondisise ezo meko) akufani nokuba wenze isigqibo esilumkileyo nesilumkileyo sokuba uthathe ubomi bakho kunokubandezeleka ngenxa yokugula okanye inkqubo yokufa.
Nangona ilungelo lokunqaba unyango linikezelwe eUnited States iminyaka emininzi, ukucela ukuba omnye umntu enze isantya kwenkqubo yokufa yinto eyahlukileyo, kokubili ngokomthetho nangokomthetho.
Kwezinye iimeko, izigulane ezenqaba unyango zithathe amanyathelo asebenzayo okufa ngokunquma ukuba angadli okanye atye. Basenokukwazi ukukhawuleza ukufa kwabo ngokubulawa yindlala ngokwabo okanye ngokufa ngenxa yokoma. Olu hlobo lokukhetha lunokuthatha ixesha leeveki.
Kuzo zombini iziganeko, izigulane zikhetha ukufa ngokuzenzele into ethile. Le ndlela yindlela eyahlukileyo ngokuthatha ngokunyanisekileyo amanyathelo, ngokusela izidakamizwa ezibulalayo okanye ngokuzibethelela kunye nokukhupha amanxeba athile, angabangela ukufa kumcimbi wemizuzu. Amanyathelo anjalo asebenzayo ukuze uzincame ngokuqhelekileyo afuna uncedo lomnye umntu.
Ilungelo lokufa kweMithetho phantsi kweUnited States
Kukho uninzi lwezikhetho, iingqwalasela kunye nezibonelelo zokuphelisa ubomi nokuba isigulane sihlala kwimeko apho imithetho iyabaxhasa. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ezo zikhetho zifuna uncedo lomnye umntu, izigulane kufuneka zihlale kwimeko enemithetho exhasa.
Ekupheleni konyaka we-2017, i-five ithi kwaye iSithili sase-Columbia senze imithetho yokufa.
Oregon
Eyokuqala yamazwe aseMerika ukuba adibanise ukuzibulala ogqirha, ilungelo lokufa, i-Oregon yadlulisela ukufa kwayo ngo-1997 ngo-1997. Ivumela abahlali baseOregon abagula ngokuzenzekelayo ukuba baphathe imishanguzo ebulalayo enqunywe ngumgqirha bancede bafe.
Abo banqwenela ukuxhomekeka kulo mthetho ukuba bancede bafe, kufuneka babe ngabahlali bezomthetho base-Oregon, ubuncinane ubuneminyaka eyi-18 ubudala, abanokwenza izigqibo ezinengqiqo malunga nokudangala kwabo, kwaye kufuneka bafumaneke (kwaye baqinisekiswe) ukuba babe nesigulo sokuphela ziya kugqitha kwisithuba seenyanga ezintandathu.
Umthetho ucacile ngokuthe ngqo malunga nendlela ezo migaqo kufuneka zidibene ngayo, kwaye zonke izigulane ezenza ukhetho olu zilandelwa nguRhulumente.
EWashington
Ngo-2009, ilizwe laseWashington lizalisekisa ukufa kwalo kunye noMthetho Wokuhlonipha, ovumela izigulane ukuba zicele oogqirha ukuba bancede bafe.
Ngokufanayo ne-Oregon, izigulane kufuneka zigule ngokugqitywa ngamalungu angaphantsi kweenyanga ezintandathu kunye nabahlali base-State of Washington. Ukuba bahlangabezana nale ndlela, banokucela uncedo kumgqirha ukuba bancede bafumane iziyobisi ezibulalayo ezifunekayo ukuphelisa ubomi babo.
Kukho iifom ezininzi ezifuneka ukuba zizaliswe zizibini kunye noogqirha, kunye nexesha elimele lilandelwe ukugcina isicelo kunye nokunikezela ngokusemthethweni. Ukongezelela, kufuneka kubekho ubungqina ekufeni, kwaye kukho imigaqo ecacileyo malunga nokuba mangqina bani na kwaye angabi. Ngokomzekelo, ubungqina bungaze kube isihlobo, umqeshwa weziko lokunakekelwa kwezempilo, okanye ugqirha oyalela okanye ohambisa iziyobisi.
Vermont
Kwinqanaba lika-2013 loMthetho we-39 (Umonde wokuThetha nokuLawula ekupheleni koMthetho woBomi), iVermont yaba yimeko yesine yokudlula ukufa kunye nemithetho yesidima, kunye neyokuqala kwindawo engasempuma ye-United States.
Imfuno yezigulana ezifuna ukufumana ugqirha ekubancedeni ukufa ziyafana nezinye iimeko eziye zadlula imithetho enjalo, kodwa inkqubo ibonakala ibhalwe ngokucacileyo ngakumbi kwiwebhusayithi yabo kunezinye iindawo.
California
Ngo-2015, urhulumente waseCalifornia wadlulisa uMthetho wokuChoba wokuPhila kweMpilo kwaye waqalisa ukusebenza ngoJuni 2016. Umthetho omtsha waseCalifornia ulandelelana ngokusondeleyo kokufa kwe-Oregon kunye noMthetho woBukumkani kunye nokuguqulwa kwamanye.
Colorado
IColorado idlulisele iSingqinisiso 105, uMthetho wokuCholwa koBomi, ngo-2016. Yasebenza ukusebenza ekupheleni konyaka we-2016. Isebenza kubantu abagulayo ngokugqitywa kweenyanga ezintandathu okanye ngaphantsi ukuba baphile. Oogqirha banokuthi banikeze unyango lwe-medical aid-in-death oluye lwalawulwa yedwa.
District of Columbia
ISithili sase-Columbia DC Ukufa noMthetho woBuhlonipheka saqalisa ukusebenza ngoFebruwari 18, 2017, kwaye ukuqaliswa kwaqala ngoJuni 6, 2017. Nangona kunjalo, kunokuthi kubhalwe ukuba umthetho webhajethi we-federal awuyikuxhaswa kwemfuneko yokunika ingxelo.
Umthetho osalindelekileyo kunye nokucaciswa eMontana nakwamanye amazwe
INkundla ePhakamileyo yaseMontona yawulawula ngo-2009 ukuba akukho mgaqo kaRhulumente owenqabela ugqirha ukuba ahloniphe isicelo somntu ogulayo, isigulane esifanelekileyo ngengqondo ngokuchaza imithi yokukhawuleza ukufa kwesigulane. Amanqanaba omthetho okwenza oku kungekho mthethweni okanye alawulwe yiphumelelanga ngo-2013 no-2017.
Amazwe amaninzi afanelekileyo acingisisa umthetho wokufa. I-ProCon.org igcina uluhlu lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nesimo sabo kwilungelo lokufa.