Sibanzi
UNarcan, owaziwa ngokuba ngu-Naloxone Hydrochloride, i-opioid agonist-iyeza ezinokukunceda ukuchasana nemiphumo yeopioid efana ne-morphine, i-oxycodone ne-heroin. La mayeza anikwa xa umntu ethatha amayeza amaninzi kwaye ufumana iimpawu kunye neempawu zokugqithisa, okuquka ukungazi kakuhle nokuphefumula kancane.
I-Narcan yinkampu yongxamiseko, inikwe ukukhusela ukufa ngenxa yokugqithisa ngokwexesha, ngokuqhelekileyo ngabaqeqeshi bezempilo. Kwezinye iimeko, ilungu lentsapho okanye othandekayo linokulawula eli gama xa lifumaneka. Ngenxa yokutshintsha imithetho e-United States, i-Narcan iyabonakala kakhulu kunokuba iqhelekileyo kwimithi yonyango. Kwamanye amazwe akukho myalelo ofunekayo wokufumana le mayeza kwi-pharmacy.
Kutheni I-Narcan Isetyenziswa
Imiphumo yento eninzi nayiphi na i-opioid ingaba nzima kwaye isongela ubomi. Ukuxinzezeleka kokuphefumula kunye nokungaphumeleli kokuphefumula, oku kuthetha ukuba umntu uhlale ephefumlelwe ukuze aphefumle ngokwaneleyo ukuxhasa isidumbu somzimba we-oksijini, unokukhokelela ekufeni. Ukugqithisa kwakhona kubangela ukungaphenduli, kuya kwenza ukuba abafundi bathathe isivumelwano kuze kube yilapho bancinci, bangabangela ukuncipha kwegazi kwaye ekugqibeleni bangabangela ukufa ukuba isiguli singayifumana unyango ngokukhawuleza.
UNarcan uphenduka kwimpembelelo yeopioids, eziyizidakamizwa ezenziwe kwisityalo se-poppy kwaye zenzelwe ukuba zisebenzise ukuphatha intlungu.
Isebenza kwimizi yobisi zonyango kunye neziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni, ezifana ne-heroin. Ayisebenzi kwezinye iindidi zokugulisa amayeza.
Iinkcazo
I-Narcan isetyenziswe kwimeko engxamisekileyo yokuguqula imiphumo yokudlula ngaphezulu. Ukuba isigulane asiyithobeli okanye sinzima kakhulu ukuvuka kwaye sibuyela ngokukhawuleza ukulala, oku kungabonakalisa ukugqithisa.
Ukuphefumula ngokukhawuleza okanye ukuphefumla kukho konke kubonisa ukuba kukho ukugqithisa okukhulu. Ixabiso lentliziyo lidla ngokukhawuleza kunexesha eliqhelekileyo. Isigulana sinokuthi sibe nemilomo eluhlaza okanye sibonakale sisibala. Ukungenelela okukhawulezayo kubalulekile ukugcina ubomi bomntu ojongene nokugqithisa.
Xa ezi zibonakaliso okanye zonke iimpawu kunye neempawu zibonakala, ukusebenzisa uNarcan kulungile. Iziphumo zihamba ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngokuthe rhoqo isigulane sivusa ngokupheleleyo emva kwemizuzu emibini yokufumana iyeza, kwaye sinokuvuka kwindawo ephazamisayo okanye ekhuselekileyo. Ukukhawuleza emva kokulawulwa kweNarcan kuthathwa njengesiqinisekiso sokuthi i-opioid overdose yenzeke.
Ukusetyenziswa kukaNarcan kuphantsi, njengoko imithi ingenakwenzakalisa umntu ocinga ngokugqithiseleyo ukuba angaphezu kokugqithisa, kulo mzekelo, ukulimala okungabonakali kokusebenzisa uNarcan kuya kukhulula kakhulu ingozi yokusebenzisa uNarcan.
Sebenzisa emva kokuPiliswa
Abantu abaye bahlinzwa ngokugqithiseleyo banikwa amayeza e-opioid ukuncedisa intlungu abayibona emva kokuhlinzwa . La mayeza anganikwa i-IV, ithebhulethi okanye ipilisi, okanye ilawulwe njengengxube. Ekubeni intlungu iqhelekileyo inxalenye yokubuyiswa emva kokuhlinzwa, ukuphathwa kweentlungu zonyango emva kokuhlinzwa kuqhelekile.
Ininzi enkulu idosi yama-opioid, okanye ukudibanisa amayeza amaninzi anciphisa amandla omntu wokuphefumula angakhokelela ekugqithiseni. La mayeza angabandakanya imishanguzo yentlungu, isiraphu yokukhwehlela imithi, i-antihistamines (njenge- Benadryl ), amayeza anxamnye noxinzelelo (njenge- Ativan ), kunye neyeza zokulala. Umngcipheko wokugqithisa uphezulu xa umntu enikwa imithi eninzi eyaziwayo ukuba ibangele ukudalwa. Kwiimeko ezininzi, umonakalo we-sedation uthetha ukuba isigulane silele kwaye silala ngaphezu kwexesha eliqhelekileyo, kodwa amaxesha amaninzi amaninzi afuna ukungenelela kwangangoko.
Umngcipheko wokugqithisa kakhulu xa udibanisa imithi yeentlungu kunye nezinye iyeza zokuhlala ziphakamileyo xa isiguli singayithathi le miyeza.
Nangona kungenqabile, ezinye zezi zi gulane ziya kuba nemiphumo yezilwanyana ezininzi zintlungu ezinzima ngokwaneleyo ukufuna ukuguqulwa ngokukhawuleza kwe-opioid emzimbeni wabo.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbuza ukuba kukho iintlobo ezininzi zokugqithisa kwaye uNarcan usebenza kuphela ukuguqula umphumo weepioids. Isigulane esinikwe unyango obuninzi kakhulu okanye iyeza lokuxhalaba ayiyi kuncedwa ngamayeza. Isigulane esinikezelwa ngamachiza amaninzi afaka i-opioids inokufumana inzuzo ethile, kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba uNarcan uza kusebenza kuphela ukuguqula isabelo se-opioid sokugqithisa, kungekhona enye imichiza enokuthi ithathe isiguli.
Lawulo
I-Narcan yonyango lonyango elinokunikezwa nge-IV okanye njenge-spray spray. Kwimeko yesibhedlele, uNarcan uqobo unikezwa nge-IV. Kwimeko yokugulisa isiguli, okanye xa i-EMS iphendula kwi-call yokudlula ngaphezulu, i-spray spray isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo njengoko ayifuni ukuba i-IV iqalwe phambi kokuba unyango lunikezelwe.
Xa unikezwa nge-IV, eli liyeza linikezelwa ngababoneleli bezempilo.
Xa amayeza anikezwa njengesipilisi semisipha, nabani na ongakwazi ukulawula le nkunkuma. Ukuba isigulane sicingelwa ukuba iphezulu, i-9-1-1 kufuneka isebenze njengoko isigulane sidinga unyango olongezelelweyo nokuba uNarcan uyasebenza. U-Narcan akufanele anikwe ukuba isiguli singabonakali iimpawu zokudlula ngaphezulu.
Isigulane sifanele siphendulwe ukuze sibe nesicathakalo emhlane wabo, kwaye i-spray spray kufanele ifakwe kwi-nostril. Isilwayo sinikwe ngokunyusa i-plunger kumachiza ukuba uphefeze izidakamizwa ngqo kwimpumlo. Ukuba loo mayeza ayiphumeli, faka isicatshulwa sesibini kwisinye i-nostril uze uphinde umthamo emibini ukuya kwemizuzu emithathu. Ukuba isiguli asihlali siphendule, qhubeka uhambisa imithi yonke imizuzu emithathu ukuya kwemizuzu ukuba isigulane asikwazi ukuphendula, ngelixa ulinde ukuba i-ambulensi ifike.
Ukuba isiguli siyayeka ukuphefumula, qalisa i- CPR kwaye uqhubeke neCPR ade isigulane siqale ukuphefumla okanye i-EMS ifike ukuyithatha. Qhubeka namanani e-Narcan ukuba amanani angaphezulu atholakalayo, de kube isigulane siphendule okanye i-EMS ifike.
I-Narcan ye-spray spray ayikwazi ukuphinda isetyenziswe, ukuba isigulane sidinga amanani amaninzi kufuneka unike amayeza okhoyo kodwa amayeza angeze ayifumaneka kwi-spray esebenzayo.
Ukuphindaphinda iDose
Kwezinye iimeko, imiphumo kaNarcan inokusebenza ixesha elifutshane kwaye emva koko isiguli siqala ukubonisa iimpawu zokugqithisa kwakhona. Kule meko, umthamo ungadinga ukuphindaphinda ukuvimba imiphumo eqhubekayo ye-opioids emzimbeni. Isilinganiso esisodwa seNarcan asinakukwazi ukulwa ne-opioids kumsinga wegazi wesigulane kwaye kuyaqheleke ukuba amanani amaninzi anikezelwe. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuba i-EMS (911) isebenze ngokukhawuleza xa kunokwenzeka ukugqithisa, njengoko abaninzi abantu abanakho ukufumana amaninzi amaninzi kaNarcan.
Mngcipheko
Umngcipheko omkhulu kaNarcan kukuba unokubangela ukuhoxiswa ngokukhawuleza kwi-opioids kubantu abanobugqirha. Olu hlobo lomlutha lunokuvela kwixesha elifanelekileyo lokusetyenziswa kweemithi ezinqunyiwe okanye ukusetyenziswa ngokuqhubekayo kweziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni ezifana ne-heroin. Xa i-Narcan inikezelwa ngokukhawuleza imisa imiphumo ye-opioids kwaye ingathumela isigulane ukuba ihoxiswe ngokukhawuleza. Lezi zimpawu ziquka: isicupunu, ukuhlanza, intliziyo yokukhawuleza, ukujuluka, i-body aches, i-cramps, isisu, iipumps, i-pitdy, i-goose-bumps, ukunyuka kwegazi kunye nokutshintsha kwintetho yesimo senhliziyo.
Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo ukulawulwa ngokukhawuleza kukaNarcan kunokukhokelela ekuthinjeni ukuxothwa. Oku kunokuba yinkxalabo enzulu kakhulu, ngokukodwa kumncinci kwaye kakhulu kakhulu. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kubantu abaziwa ngokuba ngumlwelwe opioids umthamo omncinci kaNarcan usetyenziswe ukumisa ukugqithisa kodwa kungenako ukuguqula onke amayeza emzimbeni.
UNarcan akanakho ukusetyenziswa kakubi kunye kwaye uthathwa njengekhuselekile ekusebenziseni kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo. Oko kwathiwa, amayeza angabangela ukukhutshwa kwezimpawu kubomama kunye nomntwana xa umntwana unomlwelwe opioids. Ayaziwa ukuba iNarcan ikhuselekile ukusetyenziswa kwabasetyhini abancancisayo.
I-Narcan ingasetyenziselwa ngokukhuselekileyo kwizigulane ezininzi zezilwanyana, kunye nomthamo esekelwe kubukhulu besigulane. Ukurhoxiswa ngokukhawuleza kwi-opioids kwiintsana ezisandul 'ukuzalwa eziye zafumana amayeza athathekayo rhoqo ziba nzima kwaye zisongela ubomi.
Ukufumaneka
INarcan iyingqayizivele kuba iyalelwe kumntu onenjongo yokuyilawula komnye umntu. Kwimithi yonyango yama-United States isoloko imiselwe umntu oza kuthatha. Ngokomthetho, imiqathango ayibhalwanga egameni lomntu oyedwa ngenjongo yokuba umntu ohlukileyo athathe, kwaye kufuneka agcinwe kwisitya sokuqala kunye negama lomntu obekwe kuye. I-Narcan yinto enye ephawulekayo kule mithetho nemithetho. Imithetho iye yasetyenzwa kumazwe amaninzi evumela ukuba uNarcan abe ngumyalelo kwaye agcwaliswe ngumntu ozimisele ukuwusebenzisa ukugcina omnye umntu. Ngokomzekelo, umyalelo weNarcan unokunikwa umzali onomlutha womntwana ku-heroin, ukuba asebenzise xa kwenzeka ukudlula. Oku kwenza ukuba uNarcan ayingqayizivele kwihlabathi lemithi yeyeza.
UkuLondoloza ngokufanelekileyo
UNarcan uvalelekile kokubini ukushisa nokukhanya. Ayinyamezeli ukuba ikhutshwe kumaqondo okushisa angaphezu kwe-104 ngoko akufanele igcinwe emotweni okanye kwezinye iindawo apho ukufudumeza kunokugqithisa. Ngokubanzi, amayeza kufuneka agcinwe kwindawo ecocekileyo, eyomileyo nepholile.
> Umthombo:
> Imishanguzo yokuguqulwa kwesilwanyana se-opioid. https://www.drugs.com/condition/reversal-opioid-sedation.html
> Narcan Ukuchazela Ulwazi. https://www.narcan.com/pdf/NARCAN-Ukuchaza-Information.pdf