Iimpawu zokuphelelwa yintliziyo (ukuphefumula okufutshane, ukuvuvukala) kunokulinganisa leminye imiba yempilo. Kubalulekile ukuzisa iinkxalabo ezinjalo ngogqirha wakho, kodwa uya kusebenzisa ngaphezu kwaloo nto ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukukhubazeka kwentliziyo yimbangela. Indlela yokuxilongwa kwemveli yokuhluleka kwentliziyo isekelwe kwiimvavanyo zomsebenzi weentliziyo, eziyi- electrocardiogram (EKG) kunye ne- echocardiogram (echo).
Umlinganiselo we-Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) ufumene ingqalelo kuba ungenziwa ngokusebenzisa uvavanyo lwegazi, okulula ukwenza. I-BNP iyanceda, kodwa ingabi njengokwethenjelwa njenge-echo kunye ne-EKG ekuxilongweni kwenhliziyo.
I-Self-Checks
Ukuqaphela iimpawu kunye neempawu zokuhluleka kwentliziyo kunokukunceda ukuba uhlolwe kwaye ufumane unyango olufunekayo ekuqaleni kwexesha lokugula ngaphambi kokuba imeko yakho ibuhlungu. Ezi zinto zingabonakaliyo ekuqaleni kwaye zingase zenzeke ngokukhawuleza, ngoko kulula ukuzinyamekela okanye ukuzitshisa nje ukuguga. Ukwazi oku, qiniseka ukuzisa nayiphi na le ngxalaba ngogqirha wakho:
- Ukuphefumula: Oku kungenzeka ngokunyamezela okuthe ngqo, xa uhamba, ulele, uguqa, okanye ulele. Unokuphefumula ngokuphindaphindiweyo, nangona ungasebenzisi.
- Ukukhathala: Usenokungakhathali, nangona ungakhange wenze nantoni na into ekumele ixakeke ngayo.
- I-Edema : Unokuziva ukuvuvukala okanye ukubonakala okukratshi kweenyawo zakho okanye izandla; ngokuqhelekileyo, ayibuhlungu okanye ayixhala. Ukuba ufaka isicelo sengcinezelo kwindawo leyo kwaye iya kuba yinto engasetyenzisiweyo, isele imizuzwana embalwa okanye imizuzu (ebizwa ngokuba yi-pitting), inokuba yintoni isiphumo senhliziyo, kunokuba uzuze ubunzima okanye ukugcinwa kwamanzi okungahambisani.
IiLabs kunye novavanyo
Ukuba unempawu kunye neempawu zentliziyo yokuhluleka, kwaye ugqirha wakho uyakrokraza imeko, unokuqhuba iimvavanyo ezithile ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.
Inhliziyo kunye nomphunga wokuphunga imiphunga: Ugqirha wakho uya kuphulaphula intliziyo yakho nemiphunga usebenzisa i-stethoscope nayiphi na indlela yokutyelela. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kufuneka ube neprojekthi yeentsimbi ezimbini zentliziyo kunye nazo zonke iintliziyo. Ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo kaninzi kubangela intliziyo yesithathu isandi. Imiphunga yakho ingavakala ingqamene emviwo wakho wemiphunga ukuba unesifo senhliziyo.
I-EKG: Uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo olusetyenziswa ukuhlola umsebenzi weentliziyo, i-EKG luvavanyo olungenangxamnye olubandakanya ukubeka i-electrodes ebusweni besifuba ukulinganisa umbane wentliziyo. Ukuba unayo nayiphi na impawu zesifo senhliziyo, ugqirha wakho unako ukukhupha i-EKG kuwe. Ukubonakaliswa okubonakalayo (okanye ukulandelela) kwalo msebenzi kuveliswa kwiphepha lephepha okanye kwikhompyutha. Iipatheni ezingaqhelekanga kwi-EKG, kubandakanywa nobuqili bama-Q, i-block bundle block block, ukuxinezeleka kwe-ST, i-hypertrophy ye-ventricular hypertrophy, kunye ne- arrhythmias ibonakala kwintliziyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngelixa i-heart failure ihlala isondelelaniswe nenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezinye iipateni, le meko ayifanelekanga ukukhubazeka kwentliziyo kwaye ikhona kwezinye iimeko zeentliziyo.
Uvavanyo lwe-B uhlobo lwe-B lwe-B ye-natriuretic (BNP): Le yolu vavanyo lwegazi oluqhelekileyo elisetyenziselwa ukuhluleka kwentliziyo. I-BNP, i-hormone yeprotheni, ikhutshelwe kwigazi ukujikeleza kwegazi ngelizwi lentsholongwane yesisu xa ixinzelelo lwangaphakathi lombutho luba phezulu. I-BNP ibangela ukuba izintso zenze iityuwa kunye namanzi kwaye zinciphise uxinzelelo lwegazi ukubuyisela izinto eziqhelekileyo.
Abantu abaphilileyo, ama-BNP amaninzi aphantsi kwe-100 pg / ml, kwaye amanqanaba angaphezu kwama-400 pg / ml adibene nokuhluleka kwentliziyo. Amanqanaba e-BNP phakathi kwe-100 pg / ml kunye ne-400 pg / ml kunzima ukutolika, yingakho lo vavanyo lungaqwalaselwa ukuxilongwa kwephulo lentliziyo, elixhasayo kuphela.
Ngenxa yokuba ayithembekanga kakhulu, ugqirha wakho akanakukujonga ukuba luncedo ekuhloleni imeko yakho.
Ukucinga
Ukujonga iimvavanyo kunokunceda ekuboniseni utshintsho lwama-anatomiki kunye nolwenziwe entliziyweni, kunye nezinye iinguqu kwimiphunga, enokuhlukanisa ukuhluleka kwentliziyo kwezinye iingxaki zomzimba kunye neepmon. Unokhetho oluninzi lunokuqwalaselwa.
I-X-ray: I-X-ray isifuba sivivinyana esilula ngokukhawuleza esiluncedo kakhulu ekufumaneni izifo zentliziyo. Isifuba sakho se-X-ray sinokubonisa ukuba intliziyo yakho ibonakala ikhulisiwe okanye ingabonisa iimpawu zokudibanisa kwimiphunga yakho xa unesifo senhliziyo. Ukuba ugqirha wakho uxhalabele ngeengxaki zemiphunga okanye intliziyo, mhlawumbi uya kuba ne-X-ray esifubeni.
I-Echocardiogram: I-echocardiogram, esoloko ibizwa ngokuba yi-echo, ingu vavanyo olungabonakaliyo lwe-ultrasound ebonisa ukuba intliziyo isetyenziswa. I-probe encinci ifakwe kwisifuba sakho, apho ingcweti iya kushukumisela ukuthatha isenzo senqwelo-moya yakho kunye namagumbi njengentliziyo yakho ngokwemvelo. I-echo yakho inganika ulwazi oluninzi malunga nentliziyo yakho. Kwimeko yokuhluleka kwentliziyo ngokukodwa, ubunzima bentliziyo yakho, ukuzaliswa kunye nokuchithwa kwekamelo ngalinye, kwaye isigqi sengqondo kulindeleke ukuba singavamile. Ugqirha wakho unokuyalela i-echocardiogram ukuba unentliziyo yesimo esingaqhelekanga okanye isifo senhliziyo esingaqhelekanga.
Ukucamngca kweNyukliya: Ezi mvavanyo zengcamango, kuquka ukuhlolwa kwe-positron (PET) kunye ne-photon enye ye-computer ye-tomography (SPECT), ifaka i-injection yamadayire e-radioactive aguqula umbala ekuphenduleni utshintsho kwi-metabolism, ukunyakaza kunye nokusebenza kwemisipha yentliziyo yakho. Olu tshintsho lombala lunokunceda ugqirha wakho ukuba azibonele ukuba iintlobo ezithile zeentliziyo zakho azikwazi ukupompa njengoko ziqhelekile. I-PET ne-SPECT zombini zisetyenziselwa ukuncedisa ukuxilongwa kweemeko zentliziyo, kuquka i-CAD kunye nokuhluleka kwentliziyo.
Uvavanyo loxinzelelo: Uvavanyo loxinzelelo lusebenzisa umthambo wokuzivocavoca ukuze ufumanise iingxaki zentliziyo ezinokukhutshwa ngokuzikhandla. Kubaluleke kakhulu ekuhloleni i-angina (intlungu yesifuba) ebangelwa yi-coronary artery disease. Ugqirha wakho unokuqwalasela ukuvavanywa koxinzelelo xa unempawu ezibi kakhulu ngokuzikhandla. Ngokuqhelekileyo, abantu abanokuphelelwa yintliziyo engapheliyo abanako ukunyamezela ukuvavanywa kwengcinezelo, kodwa kunokubona ukuhluleka kwentliziyo.
Ukuxilongwa ngokungafani
Ukuba unempawu zokuhluleka kwentliziyo, iqela lakho lonyango linokuqwalasela ezinye iimeko ezibangelwa ukuphefumla okufutshane okanye ukuvuvukala kwemida. Uninzi lwexesha, zikhona iimvavanyo zokuxilonga ezingakwazi ukwahlula phakathi kwezi meko kunye nokungaphumeleli kwentliziyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuxilongwa kunokuba nzima ngakumbi xa unesifo senhliziyo kunye nesinye isimo sengonyango.
Isifo esingapheliyo sokuphazamiseka kwesifo se-pulmary disease (COPD) : Le meko ibangela ukuphefumla okufutshane, okubi kakhulu ngokuzikhandla. I-COPD ibangela ukuba i-wheezing kunye nekhwehlo edla ngokudibanisa ne-mucus. Nangona ezinye zeempawu zifana nezokwehluleka kwentliziyo, i-COPD ingahlukaniswa nokuhluleka kwentliziyo ngokungaqhelekanga kwimizamo yokusebenza kwamapulmoni. I-COPD ngokubanzi ibangelwa ukutshaya kwaye idinga unyango nge-oksijini ekupheleni kwamanyathelo.
I-Pulmonary embolus (PE) : I-PE, i- clot yamagazi kwenye yemithwalo yegazi yemiphunga, ibangela ubunzima bokuphefumula kunye nentlungu yesifuba. Iimpawu zesifo se-dyspnea nesifuba abantu ababa nazo zivame ukuhlukana phakathi kwe-PE kunye nokungaphumeleli kwintliziyo kwaye kunokubonelela ngeenkcukacha zezizathu zempawu. Nangona kunjalo, uvavanyo lokuxilonga luvame ukufuneka ukuba wenze utyilongo oluchanekileyo.
Ukungaphumeleli kweengqondo: Ukungaphumeleli kweentso, njengokwehluleka kwentliziyo, kunokuthatha ixesha lokuphuhlisa, okwenza ukuba iimpawu ziqhube ngokuqhubekayo. Xa iintso zingasebenzi njengoko zifanelekile, ukukhathala kunye ne-edema yemilenze kunye neengalo ziyakhula, njengentsikelelo yenhliziyo. Ngokubanzi, ukungaphumeleli kwezintso kubangela ukuba utshintsho kumanqanaba e-electrolyte egazini, engabonakali kwintliziyo engaphumeleli.
I-vev thrombosis (DVT) enzulu: I-DVT i-clot yegazi edla ngokubangela i-edema kwaye ekugqibeleni ingabangela i-PE. Ukwahlula okukhulu phakathi kwe-edema ye-DVT kunye nokwehluleka kwentliziyo kukuba kwi-DVT, i-edema ibandakanya umlenze owodwa kuphela kwaye awuqhelekanga. I-DVT inokubangela ukuba i-pulse ebuthakathaka kwilungu elichaphazelekayo, inokufunyanwa nge-ultrasound yomlenze kwaye kufuneka iphathwe ngabagcini begazi.
> Imithombo:
> Fu S, Ping P, Wang F, Luo L. Synthesis, ukugcinwa kwemisebenzi, ukusetyenziswa komzimba, ukusetyenziswa kwe-metabolism kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamaphepathi e-natriuretic kwintliziyo engaphumeleli. J Biol Eng. 2018 Jan 12; 12: 2. i-doi: 10.1186 / s13036-017-0093-0. eCollection 2018.
> Hunter BR, Martindale J, Abdel-Hafez O, Pang PS. Indlela yokufikelela kweNtlekele yeNtliziyo kwiSebe eliPhezulu. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2017 Sep - Oct; 60 (2): 178-186. i-doi: 10.1016 / j.pcad.2017.08.008. Epub 2017 Sep 1.
> Lishmanov Y, Minin S, Efimova I, et al. Inxaxheba enokwenzeka yeengcamango zenyukliya ekuhloliseni ukwenziwa kobugqirha be-cardiac ukuphumelela kwezigulane ezinokukhubazeka kwentliziyo. Ann Nucl Med. 2013 ngoMeyi; 27 (4): 378-85. I-doi: 10.1007 / s12149-013-0696-6. Epub 2013 ngoMatshi 1.
> Minami Y, Kajimoto K, Sato N. Intliziyo yesithathu ivakalisa izigulane ezinezibhedlele ezinokukhubazeka kwentliziyo: ingcaciso evela kwi-ATTEND yokufunda. Int J Clin Pract. Agasti ka-2015; 69 (8): 820-8. i-doi: 10.1111 / ijcp.12603. I-Epub 2014 Ngomhla 18.