Ukujonga ngokugqithiseleyo isifo se-Abstinence Syndrome
Ngokutsho kweNational Institute of Drug Abuse, nganye imizuzu engama-25 umntwana ozalwa ehlanjululwa yi-opioid ukuhoxiswa. Ukuhoxiswa kwe-opioid kwiintsana kuyinkathazo yezempilo yesizwe echaphazela iintsapho, iintsana kunye nabahlawuli berhafu.
Yintoni i-Syndrome yokuLawula i-Neonatal?
Ukuhoxiswa kwe-opioid kwenzeka xa usana luzalwa luye lwaba ngumlutha kwiziyobisi ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
Emva kokuba umntwana ezalwe, akasayi kufumana iziyobisi ngokusebenzisa umama, ngoko umntwana usuka kwiimpawu zokurhoxiswa ngokomzimba. Oku kuthiwa yi-neonatal abstinence syndrome okanye i-NAS.
Unina unako ukutyhila umntwana ongakazalwa ukuba aphelise iziyobisi, ezibandakanya i-heroin, i-codeine, i-oxycodone okanye i-Oxycontin, i-Vicodin, i-methadone kunye ne-buprenorphine, ngokukhulelwa kwakhe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.
Ngelishwa, i-NAS iye yanda ngokwenene kwiminyaka, iphindwe kathathu inani leintsana ngo-2012 xa kuthelekiswa no-2000, xa abantwana abangama-21 732 bezalwa benesifo. Emva koko, ngowama-2015, inani leentsana ezixhatshaza iziyobisi zavuka kwakhona. E-Ohio, umzekelo, kukho ezili-159 iintsana ezizalwe zizidakamizwa nganye kwii-10 000 zokuzalwa. Lelo nani lalingamaxesha asibhozo aphakamileyo kunama-2005.
Iirhafu ze-NAS zihluka ngurhulumente, kodwa kwaziwa kwakhona ukuba oomama kwimimandla ephantsi engenayo kunye noomama abanokukhulelwa okungalindelekanga banamazinga aphezulu okusetyenziswa kwe-opioid ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwabo.
Amanye amabhinqa ayaqhubeka nokusebenzisa i-opioids ngaphambi kokuba aqaphele ukuba ukhulelwe kwaye akakwazi ukuyeka ngenxa yobunzima bawo.
Ziziphi iingxaki ezibangelwa yi-Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome?
I-NAS ineempembelelo zexesha elide kwiintsapho, iintsana kunye noluntu. Iintsana ezizalwe ngeNAS ziyakwazi ukuba neengxaki ezibonakalayo ezifana nokuzalwa okuphantsi kunye neengxaki zokuphefumula ezifuna ukunakekelwa kwangangoko.
Kananjalo banokuthi bazalwe kuqala (ngaphambi kweiveki ezingama-37), nto leyo ibangela iingxaki ngokwazo.
Iimpawu ze-NAS ziquka ukukhubeka, ukugqithisa okanye ukukhawuleza ukukhala, ubunzima bokulala, ukuxhalabisa, ukunyuka, ukuhlanza kunye nezihlalo ezikhululekile. Iiphumo elikhawulezayo lokurhoxisa kubangela ukujuluka, ukukhulelwa kwamanzi, umkhuhlane, i-tachypnea (ukuphefumula ngokukhawuleza), kunye nebala elimhlophe kunye ne-blotchy, njengoko umzimba wabo ulwa nokungabikho kweziyobisi kwinkqubo yabo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iimpawu ezinzima ze-NAS zivela phakathi kweeyure ezingama-24 no-48 emva kokuzalwa.
Ixesha elide, iintsana ze-NAS nazo zinokwenzeka ukuba zineengxaki zonyango, zokuziphatha kunye neentuthuko. Iintsana eziye zazithengisa izibeleko esibelethweni ziyakwazi ukufumana umbono obuthathaka, ukunciphisa ukuqonda kwengqondo kunye nokuphuhliswa kwemoto, ukunyanzelisa, ukukhathazeka kweengxaki, kunye nememori ephantsi. Ukuba umntwana ubonakale ekusebenziseni i-methadone, i-opiate eqhelekileyo, banakho ukuvelisa iingxaki kwiindlebe eziphakathi, ezingakhokelela ekulahlekelweni kweendlebe, oko kukuchaphazela ukuphuhlisa ulwimi.
Ngenxa yokuba abantwana be-NAS banenkxalabo yezempilo kwaye badinga unyango olungakumbi, bahlala esibhedlele ixesha elide kunomntwana oqhelekileyo, oqhuba iindleko zokunyamekela kwabo.
Ngokomzekelo, ngo-2012, iintsana ezisanda kuzalwa ze-NAS zahlala ziphakathi kwama-16.9 iintsuku ngokumalunga neentsuku ezingama-2.1 zeentsana ezisempilo. Iindleko zokunyamekela umntwana omnye kunye ne-NAS zibiza indleko yama-66,700 zamaRandi, ngelixa ukunyamekela iintsana ezisempilo zibiza malunga ne-$ 3,500. Uninzi lweendleko zale nkathalo yabantwana zihlawulwe ngeenkqubo ze-Medicaid zombuso, kunye ne-bill estimate of $ 1.5 billion.
Unyango lweNAS
Ukunyanga iintsana kunye ne-NAS, oogqirha kufuneka banike umlinganiselo omncinci wokulawula i-opioids ukugcina imizimba yabo emincinci ibe neengxaki ezininzi ezivela kwiiholide. Oku kuvumela abasebenzi bezobugqirha ukuba bancothule ngokukhawuleza ukuba bayeke ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi abaye bazijwayele.
Baqinisekisa kwakhona ukuba abantwana bahlala emagumbini ngokukhanya okulula kunye nezandi ezithulekileyo ukuze bangapheli-bavuselele xa bephumla baze baphilise. Ukunyanga ngokupheleleyo kwe-NAS kunokuthatha iiveki ezi-6.
I-Takeaway
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-opioid ngexesha lokukhulelwa yingxaki enzima eqhubeka isichaphazela iintsana ezininzi ezisanda kuzalwa kwi-United States. Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwe-opioid ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunokukhokelela kumntwana obhekene ne-abstinence syndrome kunye neengxaki ezininzi zezempilo kunye nexesha elide.
Ngelishwa, i-NAS inzima ukunqoba ngenxa yokuba abafazi abanomlutha kwiziyobisi ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwabo kunzima ukufuna uncedo. Nangona ukusebenza nogqirha kunokubanceda bafumane isicwangciso sonyango ukuze banqamle iziyobisi, basenokuba noloyiko lokulahlekelwa ukugcinwa kwengane yabo okanye ukutshutshiswa ngokusebenzisa iziyobisi.
> Imithombo:
> Barfield, W., (2016, Agasti). Ingxaki nge-childhood abstinence syndrome. Amacandelo okuLawula nokuKhuselwa kwezifo. https://www.cdc.gov/cdcgrandrounds/pdf/archives/2016/august2016.pdf
> Isizwe seSizwe sokuSetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi. (2015, Septemba). Ukwandiswa okudlulayo kwi-opioid yomama kunye ne-neonatal abstinence syndrome. https://www.drugabuse.gov/related-topics/trends-statistics/infographics/dramatic-increases-in-maternal-opioid-use-atal-abstinence-syndrome