I-Cancer inefuthe elikhulu kumntu, abantu kunye noluntu ngokubanzi, kwaye lihlala linye yesifo esinoyika kunye nesinzima. I-American Cancer Society ilinganisela ukuba abantu abayi-1.7 yezigidi baya kufumelwa ukuba banomdlavuza e-US ngo-2017. Lo nyaka, kubangelwa ukufa kwabangaphezu kwama-600,000 ngenxa yezifo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza.
Nangona ngamanye amaxesha amanqaku epeyinisa umfanekiso ocolileyo, izazinzulu ziye zenza inkqubela eninzi kwiminyaka yamuva. I-teknoloji entsha yezobugcisa ihlaziywa kwaye iphuhliswa, izisa ithemba elitsha kwizigidi zabantu abachaphazeleka ngumhlaza. Kule minyaka elishumi edlulileyo, izinga lokufa komhlaza liye lahla kakhulu. Kwakhona, ngenxa yesiKhuselo soMonde kunye noMthetho woKhathalelo ongenakunqwenelekayo, ukufikelela kwenkathalo kuye kwaphucula phakathi kwamaqela aseMerika angaphasi.
I-Nanoparticle Generator yokuThuthukiswa koMhlaza weDancer
Inqaku elipapashwe kwi- Nature Biotechnology ngo-Matshi kunyaka odlulileyo luchaze indlela entsha yokuhambisa imithi yengumhlaza. Izazinzulu ezivela kwi-Houston Methodists Research Institute ziye zaqala ukusebenzisa inkunkuma ye-nanoparticle generator (iNPG) eyayikwazi ukunqoba izithintelo ze-biological kwaye yaqinisekisa ukuba umthamo olawulwayo ufikelele kwi-tumor. Iimvavanyo zenziwa kwiimpawu zegundane zomhlaza wesifo se-metastatic esifumene nesicatshulwa esiphathelene ne-chemotherapy (doxorubicin).
Isilwanyana sasifakwe kwizinto eziphathekayo ze-silicon kwaye zahamba egazini ukuze zifike kwisiqhumane somhlaza, apho i-silicon yaqhekeka khona. Oku kwenza ama-nanoparticles abulale amangqamuzana omhlaza. Amaphesenti angama-40 ukuya kuma-50 eentlanzi zonyango ayecatshulwa, kwaye iqela lophando luchaphazela umphumo osangalisayo kwiindlela ezintsha zokuhambisa iziyobisi.
Uvavanyo lwabantu lucetywayo, kwaye izazinzulu zithemba ukuba zingasebenzisa le teknoloji ukujolisa kumdlavuza wesifo semitha yemiphunga nesibindi.
Abaphandi be-Nanotechnology kunye nomdlavuza baqulunqa ezinye iindlela zokufunda ezikwazi ukufikelela ngempumelelo kwiiseli zomhlaza. Ngokomzekelo, izixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nezixhobo ezingaqhelekanga ezingasondeza ukukhanya kwe-infrared ziye zavavanywa njengenxalenye yesifo somhlaza we-photothermal therapy. Ezi nanomaterials ziquka igolide, ubhedu kunye nekhabhoni. Bamba umbane kwaye bavelise ukushisa, okubangela ukufa kweeseli zomhlaza. Iingcali zenzululwazi yaseYine Yunivesithi ye-Nanjing ngoku ziphinde zenze i-nanocomposites ye-biodegradable ne-biocompatible. Indlela yabo iphelisa uxhalabo malunga nexesha elide lokutyhafaza kwezinto ezithile ze-photothermal. Ezi ziphumo zingasetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza kwizilingo zeklinikhi ze-chemo kunye ne-photothermal therapy, ezinika unyango olutsha lwe-cancer.
Ukuvuselela kwakhona iiNyunithi eziPheleleyo zeMguli zokubulala iCarcer
I-Immunotherapy ikhulayo njengeziko elitsha lomhlaza wonyango onokukunceda izigulane zineengxaki ezingapheliyo zomhlaza. UNjingalwazi Waseem Qasim waseBrithani yase-Great Ormond Street eLondon, e-UK, uchaza ukuba oogqirha banokubambisa iiseli kwi-immune system, bavuselele kwakhona iiseli baze bazibuyisele kwisigulane.
Iiseli zinokuphinda zihlelwe kwakhona ukuze zibulale umdlavuza kwaye "zikhumbuze" iiseli zomhlaza xa zibuya. Ukusetyenziswa kwamaseli omzimba asele asetyenziswe ukunyanga i-melanoma kunye ne-non-cell-cell cancer. Ngoku, olu unyango luye lwahlulwa kwizigulane ezinegazi lomhlaza. Iqela eliphando elikhokelwa nguNjingalwazi uStanley Riddell wase-Fred Hutchison Research Centre eCapebook e Seattle ngokuphumelelayo waphatha izigulane ezingama-27 kuma-29 ezine-acute lymphoblastic leukemia ezingazange ziphendule unyango oluqhelekileyo. Uphando lwamandla omzimba omzimba wokunyanga umdlavuza usengumntwana, kodwa oogqirha banelisekile malunga nokukwazi ukuvelisa i-cell immune cells.
Iindidi ezintsha zeentlobo zamanomhlaza zihlala zongezwa uluhlu lwee-cancer ezichaphazela unyango lwe-immunotherapy olusakhulayo. Uphando olupapashwe ngomhla we-2 kuMeyi kwiphephancwadi I- Cancer ibonisa ukuba i-immunotherapy inokuphumelela nangama-sarcomas-khansa yeethambo ezixhamlayo eziza kwiincinci ezininzi. Kukho, nangona kunjalo, ingozi ye-immunotherapy ihamba nayo: emva kokuba ijojwe, iiseli ezenziwe ngokutsha zihlala emzimbeni kwaye ziqhubeke zifuna iiseli ukuba zichithe. Iingcali zenzululwazi kufuneka ziqinisekise ukuba iiseli ezilunjiweyo zihamba emva kweeseli ezingafanelekanga kwaye zingonakalisi izicubu ezinempilo. Ngoko ke, le nkqubo ihlale iphuculwa. Ngokomzekelo, uRuddell kunye nabo basebenzisana ngokuphuhlisa isizukulwana esitsha seT-cell, ezilindeleke ukuba zikhusele kwaye zifake imiphumo embi emibi xa zisetyenziselwa unyango lwe-immunotherapy.
Ezinye iindlela ezinokuphucula unyango lomhlaza kunye nokunciphisa imiphumo emibi nazo ziphuhliswa kwintsimi ye-biology ye-synthetic. Izazinzulu zihlala zidibanisa ulwazi lobunjineli kunye ne-biology ukuyila izinto ezinokuguqulwa kwezilwanyana ezingakwazi ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza. Uphando olutshanje lubonisa ukuba ezinye iibhaktheriya zihlala ngaphakathi kwezicubu. Iqela eliholwa nguJeff Hasty weYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, eSan Diego, lenze i- Salmonella ibhaktheriya eneenkcukacha zezofuzo. Iibhaktheriya, ezingenabungozi kubantu, zihamba ejikelezweni lwegazi kwaye zitsalwe kwi-tumor. Yenzelwe ukuvelisa izidakamizwa zesifo somhlaza kwaye uyifake ngaphakathi kwintsholongwane yomhlaza. Emva kokugqiba umsebenzi, kutshabalalisa, kuphephe ukukhathazeka ngemiphumo emibi.
Enye indlela entsha yokutshabalalisa iiseli zesifo somhlaza kusetyenziswa indlela yokugonywa eqala eCuba. Olu hlobo lonyango aluphilisi umhlaza ngesinye, kodwa lujika lube yindlela elawulwayo, efana neenkqubo eziqhubekayo zonyango zezinye izifo ezingapheliyo. Ngo-2010, i-FDA ivumile umgomo wokugonya umhlaza ojolise kumdlavuza wesifo se-prostate. Ngo-2015, esinye isitofu sokugonywa sagunyaziwe esingasetyenziselwa ezinye izigulane ezine-melanoma ye-metastatic. Ezinye izitofu zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeekritha ziphuhliswa, ngokunjalo-nokuba zonyango lwezonyango okanye njengemigomo yokukhusela. Uluhlu lufumaneka kwiNational Cancer Institute.
I-App entsha yeZifo zeKhansela eziNokuthi zenze unyango
Ukufumana ukuxilongwa komhlaza kunzima kwaye kuphonsa enye ingxubusho. Xa sele ufunyanwe, umntu ujongene nehlabathi elitsha kunye nelinye ilizwe. Emva koko kufuneka afunde indlela yokuhamba "kwintsholongwane entsha". Ukhathazwa ngentsholongwane, kunye nexesha elide lokuphulukana, kufuna umthamo omkhulu wenyama kunye nengqondo. Ukuqeshwa kwabagqirha kunye nokutyelela esibhedlele baba yinxalenye yesimiso esitsha, kwaye ubomi bemihla ngemihla bunokulawulwa zilungiso ezifunekayo. Ukuxhasa izigulane kunye neentsapho zabo ezifumaneka kule ndawo enzima, ingcali ye-oncology e-Australia, uDkt. Nikhil Pooviah, yenze isicelo esitsha esibizwa ngokuba yiCancerAid.
Injongo yeCancerAid ijolise ukuxhobisa izigulane zomhlaza ekuhambeni kwabo kunye nokuzinyamekela. Inika ulwazi malunga neendlela zokonyango kunye neendlela zokunyamekela, kwaye inika indlela yokucwangcisa nokurekhoda unyango ngamnye lomntu kunye neyeza zonyango. Uhlelo lokusebenza luza kunye neyure e-24 ye-telemedicine ekhethwa ukuba izigulane zifikelele kwiinkxaso zonyango kunye nengqondo nayiphi na imini yomini okanye ubusuku. Uhlelo lokusebenza lwamahhala ngoku selufumaneke kwizigulane kwaye lujolise ekuphuculeni ubomi begulane zomhlaza kunye neentsapho zabo kwihlabathi lonke.
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> Pollack S, He Q, Yearley J, et al. Ukungena kwe-T-cell kunye ne-clonality kuhambelana neprogram yesifo seprogram yokufa 1 kunye neprogram yokufa-ligand 1 ibinzana kwizigulane ezinama-tissue sarcomas. Cancer , 2017; i-doi: 10.1002 / cncr.30726
> Siegel R, Miller K, I-Jemal A. I-Statistic Cancer, ngo-2017. I-CA: Ingxelo yeCancer for Clinicians , 2017; 67 (1): 7-30.
> I-Turtle C, i-Riddell S, i-Maloney D. I-CD19-ejoliswe kwi-T-cell immunotherapy ye-T-cell ye-B-cell malignancies. I-Clinical Pharmacology kunye neTherapeutics , 2016; 100 (3): 252-258
> Xia B, Wang B, Li J, et al. Inqaku elide elipheleleyo: I-polyaniline / i-polyaniline ene-biogradable i-polyaniline / i-porous silicon e-nanocomposites njengezithuthi zenyama ye-chemo-photothermal therapy yomhlaza. I-Acta Biomaterialia , ngo-2017; 51: 197-208.
> Xu R, Zhang G, Shen H, et al. Injini ye-nanoparticle injected injection iphakamisa ukuhanjiswa kwemithi yomhlaza. Uhlobo lwe-Biotechnology , ngo-2016; 34 (4): 414-418.