Indlela Ubunzima Ubuthatha Ngayo Ubuhlungu
Ukunyanga ubuhlungu obungapheliyo akulula, kwaye kunokukhathaza izigulane kunye namagqirha. Ubuhlungu bunzima ukulinganisa ngokunyanisekileyo, ukunyanzelisa oogqirha ukuba bathembele kwiingcaciso zezigulane, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo ulwalamano oluncinci phakathi kobuhlungu beentlungu kunye nomonakalo owenziwe ngumzimba. Abanye abantu bacinga ukuba akukho nto ibuhlungu xa imva yabo ibonakala iyingozi kwi-X-rays, kwaye abanye bafumana intlungu ebuhlungu emva kokuba i-X-ray ibukeka kakuhle.
Sekunjalo, ukunceda abantu abaneentlungu kuye kwaba yinto ephambili kubagqirha. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, intlungu kwinkqubo yeentlanzi iqhutywe kakuhle. Siyazi ngokucacileyo malunga nokuba iintlungu zihamba njani emzimbeni, kwaye indlela umzimba wethu uzama ngayo ukulawula loo mqondiso.
Imiqondiso Yobunzima KwiBhunga
Umzimba uneemisipha ezithile, ezibizwa ngokuthi i- nociceptors , ezithumela iimpawu ezibuhlungu kwintambo yomgogodla. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zentlungu-umzekelo, uhlobo oluthile luthumela ulwazi malunga nobuhlungu obubukhali, kunye nolunye ngokutsha. Iifayili zobuhlungu zifake intambo yomgogodla, apho iyakhuphuka okanye iphantsi kwinqanaba kunye ne-synapse kunye nezinye iiseli kwiphondo lokugqibela. Ukusuka apho baya kudlulela ngaphesheya kwintambo baze baqhube kunye ne-spinothalamic tract ukuya kwi-thalamus.
I-thalamus ibuyisela ulwazi olubuhlungu kwi-cortex ye-cerebral. Kukho iinkalo ezininzi zee-cortical ezihambelana neengxelo ezizimeleyo zentlungu, kubandakanywa ne-cortex yangaphambili, i-cortex yangaphandle kunye ne-insula.
Ngenxa yokuba kukho iinkalo ezininzi zee-cortical ezijongene nentlungu, umonakalo wesikhombiso awudluliyo intlungu ngaphandle kokuba isihlunu sikhulu kakhulu.
Ulawulo Lwemfuyo Yendalo
Enye yezona ndlela ziyaziwa kakuhle kakhulu zokulawula intlungu, zineziyeza zentlungu ezifana ne-opiates. Ngama-1970, izazinzulu zesazi zathola ukuba umzimba wethu uvelisa i-opiates, ebizwa ngokuthi i-opiate ephilileyo.
Oku kuvumela umzimba wethu umlinganiselo wokulawula phezu kwemali esiva ngayo. Ingqondo ingathumela umqondiso phantsi komgca wokugubha umlenze ukucima impawu zentlungu ezijikelezayo.
Umzekelo oqinileyo wendlela ubuchopho bulawula ngayo intlungu buyakuboniswa ngendawo ye-placebo, into ebonakalayo njengepilisi yetshukela ngendlela enokuthi ifumaneke iziphumo zonyango ezincedo. Ngokomzekelo, kwisifundo esenziwe ngabantu abanobuhlakani babo besanda kutsalwa, i-placebo bekwazi ukunika iqondo lokulawula ubuhlungu. Ukuba kunikwe i-naloxone, isilwanyana esibimbela zombini i-opiate esinesigxina kunye neyeyona nto, i-placebo ingakwazi ukulahlekelwa yimpumelelo yayo. Ucwaningo lwe-MRI lwabantu abafumana indawo yokufumana indawo lufumana utshintsho kwi-hypothalamus, i-periaqueductal grey, kunye ne-medulla, exhasa inkolelo yokuba ezi zakhiwo zibandakanyeka ngokulawula ukuhlungubalalisa ubuhlungu.
Uphando olongezelelweyo luye lwabonisa ukuba intlungu emthonjeni womthambo iquka iintlobo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zeeseli, ezinye zazo zenziwa ngentlungu kunye nabanye abavalayo. Ama-opiate avula "amaseli", kwaye intlungu ivuselela "kwi" iiseli. Oku kuvumela ingqondo ukuba ilungelelanise amava ethu entlungu kwinqanaba lentambo yomthambo.
Indlela Ubunzima Bokulawula Ubunzima
Injongo yentlungu kukuba kusishukumisele ukuba sibalekele ukulimala kwaye kusincede sifunde ukuphepha iimeko ezinokusilimaza kwikamva.
Ngokomzekelo, ukuba iilati zinamava abuhlungu ekamelweni, ziyakwazi ukukhusela elo gumbi kwikamva.
Oku kunokuzwakala kulula, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo ubomi bunokushukumisela ukuba senze isigqibo malunga nokuba siyayihoywa intlungu okanye sithathe isenzo. Umzekelo, ukuba i-cheese ifakwe kwigumbi apho i-rat iye yafumana amava amnandi, isilwanyana sineengxabano zangaphakathi kwaye kufuneka senze isigqibo. Ukuqonda esi sigqibo kusinceda siqonde ubuhlungu obungapheliyo.
Ngowe-1984, abaphandi babondla iifos kwi-plate yokutshisa eyavalwa. Iinqwelo ziza kufumana i-rat chow rhoqo okanye i-choreti eqhotyoshelweyo i-graham cracker (ebonakalayo iirats).
Emva kweveki ezimbini, isitya esitshisayo savulelwa. Iingqungquthela, eqinisweni, zanyuka. Into ebangel 'umdla kukuba iilati ezafumana i-chocolate ene-graham cracker zahamba ngokukhawuleza ukushiya isitya esitshisayo-zaziza kuqhubeka zinyamezele intlungu ngeentembelelo zomvuzo. Okubaluleke nakakhulu kukuba iinqanda "ingqondo yengqondo" yashiya ngokupheleleyo ne-naloxone, ebonisa ukuba i-opiate ehlala yinto eyabangela ukuba bayicinezele kwi-hotplate ekulindeni kwethokoledi ehlanganiswe nobuhle be-graham cracker.
Umbuzo uhleli, yintoni engqondweni evumela ingqondo ukuba yenze isigqibo sendlela yokuphendula intlungu? Yintoni evuselela ingqondo ukuba isebenze looopioids engapheliyo, kwaye yintoni ebangela ukuba ingqondo iphendule intlungu kwaye igxume kwi-plate?
Iinkcukacha zisasebenza, kodwa ngokufutshane, impendulo kwintlungu, endaweni yokuqalisa inkqubo yokuvuza, iquka inkqubo yethu yesigxina-ummandla owaziwayo ukulungelelanisa ukufunda nokuvakalelwa. Nantsi indlela esiyifunda ngayo ukuphepha intlungu kwixesha elizayo. Okuthakazelisayo kukuba, izazinzulu ziye zaqala ukufumana utshintsho kule ndawo yengqondo kubantu abaneentlungu ezingapheliyo. Ithemba kukuba, ngokuqonda okungcono, iindlela zokwelapha ezintsha zingaphatha iintlungu ezisemgangathweni yazo, ingqondo, kunokuqhubeka nokuzingela ngezinye izizathu.
> Imithombo:
I-Amanzio M, iBenedetti F. I-Neuropharmacological dissection ye-placebo analgesia: iinkqubo zokulindela-i-opioid esebenzayo ngokubhekiselele kwisistim esithile esisebenzayo. Umbhalo we-neuroscience: iphephandaba elisemthethweni loMbutho we-Neuroscience 1999; 19: 484-494.
I-Dum J, iHerz A. Endorphinergic iimodareyimu zeenkqubo zemivuzo ye-neural eziboniswe ziinguqu zokuziphatha. I-Pharmacology, i-biochemistry, kunye nokuziphatha ngo-1984; 21: 259-266.
Hughes J, Smith TW, Kosterlitz HW, Fothergill LA, Morgan BA, Morris HR. Ukuchonga iipentapeptides ezimbini ezinxulumene nobuchopho kunye ne-opiate agonist. Uhlobo 1975; 258: 577-580.