Ngaba wayesazi ukuba u-Earl Bakken usekelwe kwi-pacemaker kwi-metronome yomculo? Yaye ukuba imigaqo ye-japanese origami yaphefumlela uhlobo lwe-stent ye-vascular engahlawuliswa ukuba ifanelwe kwi-catheter? Isayensi kunye nobugcisa ngokwemvelo ziyancedisana. Enyanisweni, ukuveliswa kwezinto ezisemgangathweni zifuna ukuba ziphathwe zombini; Inkqubela phambili kwizonyango zezobugcisa ihlala ifunyanwe ngokusebenzisa ubugcisa nobuchule bokudala.
Ukusuka kwi-STEM ukuya kwi-STEAM
Amathuba oqoqosho kwenzululwazi kunye neteknoloji ziqhuba uqoqosho lwehlabathi kunanini ngaphambili. Ngaloo ndlela, utyalo-mali kwiindawo ze-STEM (isayensi, iteknoloji, ubunjineli kunye nezibalo) kuye kwaxhaswa ngokubanzi. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iimbono zobugcisa zikholelwa ukuba izakhono ze-STEM zodwa azifanelekanga ukuzisa inkqubela kunye nokufezekisa ihlabathi elijongeyo xa kufikelelwe kumatshini. Ukuze ubuchwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe bezempilo bube khona, ubuchule buyinto ebalulekileyo. Ubunono buvuselela uhlangothi olufanelekileyo lweengqondo, ngoko luyakwazi ukusebenzisana ne-hemisphere yasekhohlo kunye nokubonelela ngokufanelekileyo. Ngoko ke, abanye baye bacetyiswa ukuba imisebenzi ebandakanya ubugcisa kufuneka ikhuthazwe kwikharityhulam yekharityhulam-ukuba i-STEM ifanele ifake ubugcisa kwaye iguqulwe ibe yi-STEAM.
Ubugcisa abuyena nje isihlomelo sesicatshulwa kwiqondo lokufunda. Ulwazi kule ndawo lunokubamba iqhosha kwiinkcukacha zesayensi yolwazi kunye nophuculo kwimpilo, kwiyeza kunye nezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo zesayensi.
UNjingalwazi uRobert Root-Bernstein kunye nabalingane bakhe baseYunivesithi yaseMichigan State babhekise kwizinto ezilandelwayo ze-Nobel. Babona ukuba phantse bonke aba bantu babebandakanyeke ngentshiseko kwindlela ethile yobugcisa. Ngaphezu koko, abaninzi babo badibanisa impumelelo yabo kwisayensi kunye nobugcisa kunye nobugcisa bokudala.
Uhlalutyo lwe-Root-Bernstein lubonise ukuba abaphumeleleyo beNobel Prize babenokuba ngamaxesha angama-17 ukuba babe ngabaculi abanetalente, xa kuthelekiswa noososayensi abaqhelekileyo, kunye namaxesha angaphezu kwama-12 ngaphezulu okubhala imibongo neencwadi. Ngokusekelwe kuhlalutyo lwakhe, uRoot-Bernstein uthi ngokuvuselela ubuchule, uvuselela izinto ezintsha kwaye mhlawumbi uhambe ngaphaya komda we-average.
Umfanekiso oxabisekileyo amawaka amawaka
Ngokomlando, imifanekiso yezonyango yayiyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yocwaningo lwezokwelapha. Ubugcisa busetyenziswe ngenjongo yokusasazwa kolwazi kunye noncedo kwinkqubo yokufunda. Ubugcisa buhlala luyingxenye ebalulekileyo yamachiza namhlanje, kunye neefoto ezifanisa nexesha le-digital kunye nokusebenzisa iteknoloji ekuncediseni imizamo yabo.
Imifanekiso yeencwadi zonyango, amaphephancwadi, kwaye kwiminyaka yakutshanje, izicelo zeselula kunye neewebhu, zidinga uhlobo oluthile lobuchule. Isikolo seYunivesithi sikaJohn Hopkins saseMicrosoft silawula inkqubo ephumelele kwiMpilo kunye neBiological Illustration enikeza ulwazi oluyimfuneko. Le nkqubo iqhutywe yiSebe lezobugcisa njengoko lisetyenziswe kwiMicrothe. Kungekudala, imizekeliso yoMncedisi weSebe likaJennifer Fairman ihamba nenqaku kwiphephancwadi laseHopkins Medicine elibizwa ngokuba yiCoking up Replacement Bone.
Eli nqaku libonisa umsebenzi weNjingalwazi onxulumene noDkt. Warren Grayson kunye neqela lakhe, abaye basebenzela ukuvelisa amathambo atshintsho entloko nangobuso. Isicatshulwa silandela isakhiwo sendlela yokutya, kwaye ichaza ukushicilelwa kwe-3-D kunye nokudala izinto ezi-3-D kwifayili yedijithali usebenzisa izinto ezikhethekileyo ze-ultrathin. Umzobo kaWormanman ubonisa zonke izithako eziyimfuneko (ithambo lendalo, i-polycaprolactone, i-fibrinogen, i-thrombin, umhluzi wemvelo kunye ne-beta-glycerophosphate), kunye namanyathelo ale nkqubo ekhethekileyo yokutya.
Ngolunye uhlangothi, uProfesa uRichard Sawdon Smith, wasebenzisa imifanekiso yezokwelapha evela kwimeko yesigulane: ukufuna ukuqonda ukugula kunye nokwamkelwa kwezifo.
USawn Smith waguqula umdla wakhe we-anatomy kwimifanekiso. Ukuchitha ixesha elide kwizibhedlele emva kokuxilongwa kwakhe kwe-HIV, waqala ukusebenza kwimidwebo ye-anatomical, ukufaniswa kwesobuso kunye nokufotowa kwezonyango. Phakathi kwezinye iiprojekthi, udale uchungechunge olubhalwe kwinkqubo yokuvavanya igazi, ebizwa ngokuba yiGcina . Kwakhona wagqiba kwelokubonisa imifanekiso yezokwelapha kwesikhumba kwaye waba yinto yonyango ngokwakhe.
Ubugcisa kunye neSayensi yeProsthetics
Ukudala ifowuni ebonakalayo ebonakalayo kwaye ekhululekile yinkqubo efuna ukuba neetalente ezininzi kunye noqeqesho. Ingcali emva kwalokhu kuthiwa yi-kliniki iplastologist. Ngomsebenzi wabo, iiplastologists zijolise ekuboneleleni ngesigulane ngesondlo esenziwe ngokwezifiso esifanelekileyo kumntu ngamnye. Inkqubo yokudweba nokuyila inguqu yokugqibela yomzimba-umzekelo, indlebe, impumlo okanye iso-inezinyathelo ezininzi. Ukuba zenziwe ngutitshala onetalente, i-prosthesis ihambelana nomzimba wonke unobtrusively kwaye inomdla kumgangatho wesigulane wobomi.
I-Johns Hopkins i-Facial Prosthetics Clinic iholwa ngu-aplastologist onet talente kakhulu, uMnu. Juan Garcia, odala ii-prostheses zokuphazamiseka okukhulu ezingenakulungiswa ngokuhlinzwa. Ufezekile kakhulu xa ehambelana nombala wecandelo elitsha lomzimba kunye nefuthe lomntu wesikhumba. Le nxalenye idinga ubugcisa obukhethekileyo. UGarcia usebenza kunye nezigulane ezinokudandatheka, ukuhlinzwa, ukugula okanye ukuzalwa ngeenkcukacha. UGarcia ufanisa iiprotheses zakhe ngesandla. Nangona kunjalo, unomdla kakhulu kuzo zonke iinkqubela phambili zezobuchwepheshe kunye nezesayensi kwaye uqhubeka ekhangela iindlela ezintsha zokuzibandakanya emsebenzini wakhe. Unomdla ngokugqithiseleyo ngama-biomaterials kunye nokuhlakulela izicubu eziphilayo eziphathekayo ezinokubangela indlela entsha yokudala izixhobo zomzimba ezibonakalayo.
Iifoto ze-3-D ziyakwamkelwa ngakumbi kwiindawo zonyango. Iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ziphuhliswa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba, ezifana nesondlo, isifuba kunye nentloko / ubuso, ukuncedisa ukucwangcisa unyango novavanyo. ENyakatho ye-Ireland, iBelfast Health and Social Care Trust iye yasebenza ekuphuhlisweni kweefoto ze-3-D, iprojekthi ephethwe yiSebe lezoLimo. Iprojekti ekhethekileyo exhasa le nkqubo isetyenziswe ngokuhambelana nezikhokelo ezizodwa ezibandakanya iingcebiso ngokukhanyisa, ukubeka indawo yesigulane, imvelaphi kunye nembono. Lo msebenzi ubaluleke kakhulu ngoku ngoku ukuba amaninzi amabhinqa avuselelwa ngokukhawuleza emva kwe-mastectomy. Ngeemifanekiso ezi-3-D, ulinganiso lunokuhlolwa kwaye ugqirha unako ukugqiba ngokukhawuleza ukuba ukutyunjwa kovavanyo kufuneka kukhuthazwe.
UkuLwazi lokuFunda nokuBhala kwamayeza angcono
Enye into ebalulekileyo yobugcisa yikhono layo lokudala iziteshi ezintsha zokunxibelelana. Iingcali zezempilo zihlala zidibanisa nezigulane ezikwazi ukuthetha ngokubhaliweyo zingabinqandwa kwizonyango ezahlukeneyo zezonyango kunye nezingezizo zonyango. Ngokomzekelo, ulwimi olungaphandle nolwazi lwemfundo lunokuba ngumngeni. Kwiimeko ezifana nalezi, kunokukunceda ukunxibelelana usebenzisa ezinye iindlela, ezifana nokudweba umfanekiso wesigulane esilula. UFrançois Luks ovela kwiSebe leZonyango zeZonyango kwiByunivesithi yaseBrown ubonisa ukuba ukukrazwa kwezonyango kunokukunceda ukuhlela iingcamango nokucacisa ubudlelwane be-anatomiki. Le nkqubo inceda ekuboniseni ingxaki ngokucacileyo, zombini isigulane kunye nodokotela.
Ukuqwalasela kubaluleke kakhulu ubuchule obufunekayo bonke abaqeqeshi bezempilo ukuze bafumane ukunakekelwa okungcono. Ngokomzekelo, izakhono zokubona zingabaluleka ekuhloleni isigulane kunye nezibikezelo zeziphumo zonyango. Uphando lubonisa ukuba ubugcisa obubonakalayo, ingakumbi imidwebo kunye nefilimu, lunokunceda abafundi bezonyango babe ngcono xa bejonge.
UNjingalwazi Katrina Bramstedt, ummeli ohlonishwayo wamazwe ngamazwe e-Bond University, e-Australia, ubonisa ukuba ukubonwa kwekliniki kunamalungu nje kuphela. Uthetha ngolwazi lokufunda nokubhala, olufuna ukuqwalasela ngokucophelela ukudala intsingiselo. Ukufunda nokubhala ukufunda kunceda ukuba oogqirha bafumane ulwazi lweklinikhi kwizigulane ezingenakho ukuveza izinto ngokuthe ngqo. Abameli beBrststtt badibanisa umxholo wabantu bezonyango kunye nomxholo wesayensi. Ngokomzekelo, ucinga ukuba ababonisi bezonyango baququzelele ikhosi kwi-anatomy. Uphononongo lwakhe lufumene ukuba abafundi bezobugqirha ngokubanzi baxhasa ukubandakanywa kobugcisa bobugcisa kwikharityhulam yesikolo sezonyango.
Nangona kunjalo, uyaqaphela ukuba kukho abanye abanokuyiqonda njengento yokuphazamiseka okungadingekile kwiinkalo zabo zesayensi zesayensi. Nangona kunjalo, unethemba lokuba oogqirha bexesha elizayo baya kuxhamla kwikharityhulam echanekileyo ngokubonakaliswa kwimiba yabantu kunye nezesayensi.
> Imithombo:
> Banschbach V. Iincinci zeeNkcubeko zoLwazi lweeNkcazo zeFloral Foster Impumelelo kwi-STEM kunye ne-Entomology. I-Entomol . 2016; 62 (2): 125-126.
> Bramstedt K. Ukusetyenziswa koBugcisa bobuGcisa njengeFowuni yokuHlola i-Pathologies yezoNyango. AMA Journal of Ethics , 2016; 18 (8): 843-854.
> ULiou K, uGeorge P, uBharuki J, uLuks F. Imizobo yezonyango: Ukufundisa umzekeliso wezokwelapha kubafundi bezobugqirha. Mfundisi oTitshala . 2014; 48 (5): 525.
> Umzekeliso & Ukwahlukana: UProfesa Richard Sawdon Smith. J Vis Commun Med . 2015; 38 (1/2): 98-102.
> Root-Bernstein R, Allen L, Weinlander S, et al. UbuGcisa bukhuthaza impumelelo yesayensi: Ukukhutshwa kweNobel, i-National Academy, i-Royal Society kunye ne-Sigma Xi amalungu. I-Journal ye-Psychology yeSayensi neThekhnoloji . 2008; 1 (2): 51-63.
> Winder R, Boyd L, Mcintosh S, et al. Ukusekwa kwenkonzo yefoto ye-3D kwimifanekiso yonyango. J Vis Commun Med . 2014; 37 (1-2): 28-35.