Ukuba ubukele ubunzima bomntwana wakho okanye uzama ukumnceda ulahlekelwe isisindo, unokuzibuza ukuba zeziphi izixhobo ezikhoyo ngaphandle kwemilinganiselo yesikhokelo somzimba (BMI). Ekubeni i-BMI ayibali i-fat fat ngokuthe ngqo, kwaye ayilinganisi ubunzima bomzimba-ibonisa nje ubunzima bomntwana malunga nobude bayo-unokufuna ukujonga ezinye iindlela. Emva koko, kuya kubonakala ukuba ixabiso lamanqatha omzimba kunye nobunzima bomntwana obuchaphazelekayo lunokuchaphazela impilo yakhe yangoku kunye neengozi zempilo ezizayo.
Kodwa izixhobo ezifumanekayo kubantu abadala azihlali zilungele abantwana. Nantsi ukukhangela kwiinketho.
Imilinganiselo ephantsi
Umgca wecala: Ukubona ukuba umntwana wakho uyanciphisa, ngokukodwa njengoko ekhula ngokuphakama, kunokukunceda ukuvelisa i-tape tape measure. Ungayisebenzisa ukulinganisa umgca wesinqe somntwana wakho (inxalenye encinci ye-midsection phakathi kombhobho ophantsi kunye nentloko ye-hipbone). Kuhlolisiso olubandakanya abantwana abangama-201 phakathi kweminyaka engama-7 no-17, abaphandi eYunivesithi yaseCincinnati bafumene ukuba i-correlate eqinile kakhulu yokusabalalisa i-fat is circumference, okwenza kube yindlela elula kakhulu yokulinganisa i-fat fat distribution.
Ubunzima bebala: Ukusebenzisa isethi yabalindi ukulinganisa ubukhulu besikhumba kumanqaku athile emzimbeni, le nqubo ingakwazi ukuvavanya isiqhelo sokuthi "ukutyeba" kunye nama-fat deposits athile kwizingane kunye nabantu abadala.
Nangona le nkqubo ingasetyenziselwa ukuvavanya utshintsho kumntwana onikwe umntu, idatha yenkcazelo yokunxulumanisa umntwana kunye noontanga yakhe iyafuna ukuphuhliswa. Omnye umdawulo: Awukwazi ukusetyenziswa ukuvavanya ubuninzi be-fat (free or bounce).
Uhlalutyo lwe-impedance ye-bioelectric (BIA): Le ndlela isebenzisa i-electrodes ebeka phezu kwesandla kunye nesangqa ukuqhuba umbane wamandla omncinci ngomzimba ukuqinisekisa ukuba kunjani ukuchasana nokudlula kwayo.
Amanqatha omzimba amaninzi kukho, kunzima ukuba ikhoyo iqhutywe emzimbeni. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, ukuchaneka kwezixhobo ze-BIA sele zibi-ziyakuthatyathwa ngokugcinwa kwamanzi kuphela-kodwa iteknoloji iyaphucula.
Izindlela eziPhakamileyo
I-X-ray i-absorptiometry (DXA): Nangona i-DXA ihlola, exhomekeke kwi-X-rays, yaphuhliswa ukulinganisa ubuninzi bezithambo zomzimba kubantu abadala abasemngciphekweni we-osteoporosis, bangasetyenziselwa ukubala amafutha omzimba kunye nobunzima bomzimba kubantwana selula njengeminyaka emine ubudala. Oku kunokuba luncedo ukulinganisa nokuba ukulahleka kwesisindo kuhamba kunye notshintsho kwisininzi esisinyameko kunye nobukhulu bomzimba. Ucwaningo olwenziwa ngo-2013 e-UK lufumene ukuba i-DXA yindlela echanekileyo, xa kuthelekiswa namanye amacandelo achazwe apha, ukuvavanya ubunzima besininzi kunye ne-fat mass free.
UPlethysmography: Ngalolu cwangciso, umntwana uhleli ngaphakathi kwecocoon eqanda iqanda malunga nemizuzu engama-5 ngelixa umoya uqhutywe ngenyameko kuye ukulinganisa ubunzima beoli kunye ne-fat-free. Ekuhloliseni iindlela ezizahlukileyo zokuvavanya utshintsho kubumbano lwabantwana, abaphandi kwiSizwe soMntwana wezeMpilo kunye noPhuculo lwaBantu kwiZiko lezeMpilo zeSizwe bafumana ukufuduka kwemoya ye-plethysmography eyenziwe bhetele ekulingeni ukutshintshwa kwamafutha omzimba kunokuba i-BIA okanye i-skinfold thickness kodwa kwakungekho njenga-DXA.
I-IMRI): Iprogram esebenzisa i-magnetic field kunye namaza omsakazo ukuvelisa imifanekiso yezitho zomzimba kunye nezitho zomzimba, i- MRI ingcono kunezinye iindlela zokuqikelela ukubunjwa komzimba wendawo, ngakumbi i-fat in the womb. Ukuphazamiseka kukuba: Kubiza kakhulu kwaye akufanelekanga kubantwana abancinci abaza kulwa nemilinganiselo yokulinganisa (kufuneka bahlale becala kakhulu ngelixa bephakathi komshini omeyile).
Ukubethelwa kakuhle kukuxoxa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nezingane zakudala. Ngale ndlela, uya kuba nokufumanisa ukuba ngubani owenza ingqiqo yakhe imeko kunye neenkxalabo zakho-kwaye zeziphi ezikhoyo kwisimo seklinikhi kufuphi nawe.
Imithombo:
Atherton RR, Williams JE, Wells JC, Fewtrell MS. Ukusetyenziswa kweMatasa eMathambo kunye ne-Fat Free Standard Standard Scores Distection Scores Okufunyenweyo Ukusebenzisa iindlela ezilula zokulinganisa abantwana abaphilileyo kunye nabagulayo: Ukuthelekisa ne-Reference-4 Model Component Model. PLoS One, Meyi 17, 2013; 8 (5): e62139.
UDaniels SR, uKhoury PR, uMorrison JA. Ubuncedo beMilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo yoLwazi lweMpahla yeZityalo kwi-Children and Adolescents. I-American Journal ye Epidemiology, 2000; 152 (12): 1179-1184.
Elberg J, McDuffie JR, Sebring NG, Salaita C, Keil M, Robotham D, Reynolds JC, Yanovski JA. Ukuthelekiswa kweendlela zokuHlola utshintsho kwiBhunga labantwana. I-American Journal ye-Clinical Nutrition, Julayi 2004; 80 (1): 64-9.
Isikolo seHarvard seMpilo kaRhulumente. Ukulinganisa ubukhulu .
I-JCK, i-Fewtrell MS. UkuLungiswa kweQumrhu loLungiso. IiNqoloba zeZifo ebuntwaneni, ngo-2006; 91: 612-617.