Ukusetyenziswa, iimpembelelo zangasese kunye nokuphendula okukhulu
I-Methylphenidate, ithengiswa phantsi kwegama le-brand yeRitalin, iMethinlin, i-Concerta, i-Quillivant kunye ne-Daytrana, yaziwa ngokuba yi-amphetamine. Isetyenziselwa ukunyamekela ingqalelo yokulahleka kweengxaki (hydactivity disorder disorder) (i-ADHD) , kunye nokulala ngokugqithiseleyo kwemini ehambelana nezilwanyana . Kwakhona ngamanye amaxesha kunikwe umyalelo wokugula okungapheliyo .
Ukusetyenziswa
I-Methylphenidate ivuselela imiphumo echanekileyo kwinkqubo yesistim ephakathi.
Inesenzo sokuphazamisa, ukuguqula ukulala nokunyusa ingqalelo kwimisebenzi ephindaphinda. Iphucula ukugxilwa kunye nentlangano kwaye inokunciphisa ukulala okusemini. Kwakhona unokuba nomphumo wokuphakamisa umoya. Isetyenziselwa ukuphathwa kwezi zifo ezilandelayo:
- ADHD
- Ukunqongophala
- Isifo sokunyamezela esingapheliyo
- Ukuxinezeleka
Unokumiselwa ukuqulunqwa kwezinga eliqhelekileyo okanye elikhutshwe ngokubanzi kwilisi. Ezi zihluka kancinci malunga nokuba kuthatha ixesha elingakanani umzimba ukuba zizisebenzise, kodwa iziphumo zazo ziyafana.
Ingaba isebenza kanjani
Indlela echanekileyo yesenzo sikaRitalin ayiyazi. Ukwandisa izinga lamabhanki amabili abalulekileyo, i-norepinephrine kunye ne-dopamine, kwingqondo. Ama-neurotransmitters ayenemichiza ekhonza njengabathunywa phakathi kweeseli zesisindo, ezibizwa nge-neurons. URitalin ufezekisa eli nqanaba ukwandisa ngokunqanda ukukhutshwa kwabo kunye nokunyusa ukukhululwa kwi-space phakathi kwe-neurons.
URitalin usebenza kwi-striatum kunye ne-prefrontal cortexes, imimandla yengqondo ebalulekileyo ekugxininiseni.
Inokuphucula ukuhanjiswa kwezixhobo, kuquka i-glucose, ukuze ingqondo ikwazi ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo.
Ngubani ongafanelanga ukuyisebenzisa
URitalin akavunyelwanga kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-6 ubudala. Akufanele isetyenziswe ngabantu abathatha i-tricyclic anti-depressants kunye nee-inhibitors ze-MAO, izilwanyana ezimbini ezisetyenziselwa ukuphatha ukudakumba, ngoko qiniseka ukuba umboneleli wakho wezokwelapha uyazi zonke iyeza ozithathayo.
I-Ritalin ingenakufaneleka kubantu abathile abaneemeko ezithile zonyango, kuquka i-arrhythmias ezinzima, izifo zengxowankulu ye-coronary, iingxaki zentliziyo, isifo somfutho wegazi okanye umonakalo wesibindi. Ukongezelela, kunokuchaswa kulabo abane-syndrome ye-Tourette, i-thyroid engasebenzi, i-motor tics, i-agitation kunye ne- glaucoma .
Imiphumela
Kukho imiphumo emininzi yemiphumo yonyango. Nangona umntu akayi kukulindela ukuba nawo onke, kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuba ayenayo nayiphi na enye, ezinye ezinokuthi zenzeke ngokuqhelekileyo ziquka:
- Ukhathazeka
- Ukungabikho
- Ukunciphisa ukutya
- Intlungu zesisu
- Ukunyuka kwesisindo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide
- Iqondo lentliziyo ekhawulezayo
- I sizathu
- Iimoto zeeMoto
- Intloko
- Intliziyo engavumelekanga
- Utywala
- Fever
- Rash
- Iimbuzi
- Ukuxinezeleka kwexesha elifutshane
- Ukulala
- Ukuhamba okungavumelekanga
- Iintlungu zesifuba
- Uxinzelelo lwegazi luguquka
- Ukuphazamiseka kokubonakalayo
Xa kusetyenziswe nasiphi na iziyobisi, kukho iingozi zemiphumo emibi. Ezi zenzeke ngokungaqhelekanga, kodwa zingabandakanya:
- Ukuxhomekeka okanye ukusetyenziswa kakubi
- Psychosis
- Mania
- Ukuziphatha okubi
- I-Tourette's syndrome (engaqhelekanga)
- Iingcamango zentliziyo engavumelekanga
- Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo
- Stroke
- Ukufa ngokukhawuleza
- Ukuxhamla
- Ukunyuswa kokukhula kunye nokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide
- Indlela yokuphendula
- Isidumbu se-dfoatitis
- Inani elisezantsi legazi lamhlophe
- I-neuroleptic syndrome eyingozi
- Ukuvuvukala kwemibhobho ye-cerebral
Iinkcukacha zokukhusela
Ukusetyenziswa kukaRitalin ngexesha lokukhulelwa kufuneka kuthethwe ngokucophelela, ukulinganisa ubunzima bebantwana bokufumana inzuzo yomama. Isilumkiso sincetyiswa ngetywala njengoko ukhuseleko lwalo alukwazi.
Kubantu abanemingcipheko yesifo senhliziyo, kufuneka kuhlolwe isifo sokuqala senhliziyo, kubandakanywa uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nomlinganiselo wezinga lentliziyo ngaphambi kokuqala imithi, ngokunyuka kwamayeza, kunye nexesha ngexesha lotyando.
Kwiigulane zezilwanyana, ukuphakama kunye nesisindo kufuneka kuhlolwe xa unyango luqala kwaye ngezikhathi ezithile emva koko. Umsebenzi wegazi okongeziweyo unokuboniswa kwaye ukulandelelana okufutshane kunye nomboneleli wakho wezonyango kubaluleke kakhulu.
Imithombo:
"Methylphenidate." Epocrates Rx. I-Version 1.127, 2008. Epocrates, Inc. I-San Mateo, California.
Katzung, BG Isisiseko kunye neKlinikhi ye-Pharmacology. I-9th edition, 2004. 134-140. I-McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. eNew York.
"Methylphenidate." I-MedLine Plus, iThala leNcwadi likaMatriki ka-US (2016).