Ingqwalasela ye-Osteoarthritis
I-Osteoarthritis, enye yeentlobo ezingaphezu kwe-100 ze-arthritis kunye neemeko ezihambelanayo , luhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwe-arthritis. EUnited States, abantu abayizigidi ezingama-27 bahlala nale mqathango. I-osteoarthritis ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala, kodwa abantu banoma yiyiphi iminyaka banokuyihlakulela.
Ukukhula kunyuke kakhulu emva kweminyaka engama-50 kumadoda kwaye emva kweminyaka engama-40 kwabasetyhini. Ngokwe-American College of Rheumatology, iipesenti ezingama-70 zabantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-70 banobungqina be- x-ray ye-osteoarthritis .
"Nxibela ukuyikrazula"
> I-cartilage ye-Bone ihla ne-osteoarthritis.
I-Osteoarthritis ibizwa ngokuqhelekileyo njengolu hlobo lwe-arthritis ye-wear-and-tear. Amanye amagama aquka izifo ezidibeneyo ezidityanisiweyo, isifo sesifo se-arthritis , i-DJD kunye ne-osteoarthrosis.
I-osteoarthritis sele ichazwe ngokukhawuleza njengesiphumo sokuphulwa kwe- cartilage kwelinye okanye ngaphezulu. I-cartilage yenziwe ngamanzi angama-65 ukuya kuma-80 ekhulwini ngamanzi, i-collagen (i-proteoglycans), iiproteglycans (iiproteni kunye ne-ushukela edibene ne-collagen), kunye ne-chondrocytes (iiseli ezivelisa i-cartilage).
I-cartilage yinto ekhuni kodwa ephosayo ekhonza njengomkhumbi phakathi kwamathambo amajoyina, evumela amathambo ukuba ahlasele. Kwakhona kuphazamiseka ukunyuka komzimba.
Xa ukulahleka kwe-cartilage kuvela, amajoyina angakwazi ukuhlabalala ukuya kwindawo yokuxubha amathambo emathambo . Utshintsho kwizakhiwo ezizungeze amajoyina (imisipha kunye neetoni), ukuqokelela kwamanzi kunye ne-bony overgrowth (i- osteophytes okanye i-spurs bone) ingahlakulela, okukhokelela entlungu engapheliyo, ukulahleka kokuhamba, nokukhubazeka.
I-Osteoarthritis inokuchaphazela amaqela ezandleni kunye neminwe, izigqoko , amadolo , iinyawo kunye nomgudu . Ngokusekelwe kububungqina be-x-ray, amanxeba e-distal and proximal interphalangeal ezandleni zixhaphazwa kakhulu yi-osteoarthritis, nangona zingenakunxulumaniswa neempawu eziqhelekileyo.
Amacangco kunye namadolo yizona ndawo eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo ze-osteoarthritis kwaye ziphantse zibonakalisa iimpawu. I-metatarsal yokuqala ye-phalangeal kunye ne-carpometacarpal joints nazo ziindawo eziqhelekileyo ze-osteoarthritis eziqwalaselwe kwi-x-ray. Amagxa, ibhokhwe, isandla, kunye nama-metacarpophalangeal joints ziindawo ezingabonakaliyo ze-osteoarthritis ngaphandle kokuba zihlobene nokulimala, ukukhathazeka okanye umsebenzi.
Ezinye Izinto
Nangona inkcazo ekhankanyiwe ngasentla yokugqithisa nokusila (i-cartilage degeneration) ayilunganga, ayizalisekanga. Enyanisweni, kuninzi kunoko. Akunjalo nje ngomatshini. Ezinye izinto ezininzi zidlala indima ekuphuhliseni i-osteoarthritis kubandakanya izinto eziphilayo, abalamlamli be-proinflammatory kunye nama-proteases. Le miba ingaba yimizimba, i-metabolic, ingqongileyo, okanye ingozi.
Ngoxa ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-cartilage yendibano yinto eyaziwayo kakhulu ye-osteoarthritis, kufuneka siqonde ukuba ukugqoka kunye nokukrazula ekulayisheni ngokubambisana kukhuthaza ukuveliswa kwezinto ezinokutsha kunye neziproteases ezifaka isandla ekuhlaseleni ngokubambisana.
Kwintsebenziswano echaphazelekayo yi-osteoarthritis, zonke izicubu ezidibeneyo zichaphazelekayo, kungekhona nje i-cartilage.
Uphuhliso noPhuculo
Kungaba nzima ukubona ukuba i-osteoarthritis ivela nini kwaye zeziphi izicubu ezidibeneyo ezichaphazelekayo kusasa ngaphandle kokuba kukho isiganeko esibuhlungu esibangela ukulimala kwaye esinokubakholwa, njengesigxina esiqhekekileyo.
Nangona izifundo ze-MRI zingafumanisa utshintsho lwezakhiwo zakuqala oluhambelana ne-osteoarthritis, i-x-rays ecacileyo iyalelwe rhoqo, ubuncinane ekuqaleni. Kodwa, ngeli xesha kukho ubungqina be-x-ray ye-osteoarthritis, isifo sinokuthi siphumelele. I-X-rays ibonisa ukulahleka kwe-cartilage , indawo edibaniseneyo , i- subchondral sclerosis , i- subchondral cysts kunye ne-osteophytes. Imifanekiso ye-MRI ingabonakalisa utshintsho olufihlakeleyo kwi-cartilage, synovitis, i- bone marrow lesions , kunye nokuguqulwa kwezinto ezinotsholongwane.
Njengoko i-osteoarthritis iyaqhubeka, idibeneyo yonke inokuthi ibandakanyeke, kubangele ukuba icandelo lequmrhu lingaphumeleli. Nangona uyakwazi oko, ukugxekwa komntu onesifo se-osteoarthritis kunzima ukuqikelela.
Akuyena wonke umntu onomgangatho oqhubekayo kwinqanaba elifanayo, uphendule kwindlela yokwenza unyango oluthile ngendlela efanayo, okanye uvelise iimpawu ezinzima ukuba ekuqaleni okanye kumancinci.
Izinto zobungozi
Izinto ezibangela ingozi yokuphuhlisa i-osteoarthritis ziquka:
- Ukuguga -Kuyaziwa ukuba iziganeko kunye nokuxhaphaka kwe-osteoarthritis kwanda ngokukhula. Kwakhona kucatshangelwa ukuba ukuguga kwenza amajoyina afumaneke ngakumbi ekuphuhliseni i-osteoarthritis-kukho ukuguga kwamaselula kunye noshintsho olusakhulayo (ukucutha kwe-cartilage kunye nobudala). Ngo-2030, malunga nama-20 ekhulwini kuma-America aya kuba ngaphaya kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala kwaye sele engengozini enkulu yokuphuhlisa i-osteoarthritis.
- Ubulili besifazana -Okunye kunye ne-knee osteoarthritis kakhulu kakhulu kubasetyhini kunamadoda. Ukuxhaphaka kwe-hip osteoarthritis kubaluleke ngokulinganayo kumadoda nabasetyhini.
- Ukulimala kumalungu- Emva kokulimala ngokubambisana, i-osteoarthritis engapheliyo ingathuthuka. Iinguqu zivame ukugcinwa zingakapheli iminyaka eyi-10 yokulimala. I-Osteoarthritis ingahlakulela, emva kokulimala, ezinokuthwala izicubu ezinjenge-ligament, ngenxa yokuba abalamlamli be-proinflammatory baya kwiindawo zokulimala kwaye bangase baqalise uphuhliso lwe-osteoarthritis. Kukho nokuba kunokulimala okubandakanya ngokuthe ngqo amajoyina, njengamaqhekeza).
- Umsebenzi womsebenzi -Ngomsebenzi ofuna ukulayishwa okuxineneyo , ngokukodwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo, kukho ingozi eyongeziweyo yokuphuhlisa i-osteoarthritis. Oku kuyinyaniso ngemisebenzi efuna ukuphakamisa, ukuguqa, ukuxubha okanye ukunyuka. Njengoko kulindeleke, ukunyakaza okuphindaphindiweyo kunye nokunyusa kwamandla kukhulisa umthwalo kwizihlanganisi ezibandakanyekayo.
- Ukugqithisa ngokweqile okanye ukukhuluphala -Ukukhula komzimba kunokuba nomthwalo kumalunga amaninzi. Kuyathakazelisa ukuba ukunyuka ngokweqile kwandisa umngcipheko we-osteoarthritis, kwakhona. Oku kuphakamisa ukuba kunokubakho iziphumo ezinxulumene nokugqithisa nokugqithisa okwandisa umngcipheko we-osteoarthritis.
- I-Genetic predisposition -Izifundo zidibanise ukuhlukahluka kwemfuza ethile kunye nobungozi obandayo bokuphuhlisa i-osteoarthritis.
ILizwi
Ukuqonda ukuba i-osteoarthritis ingaphezu nje kokubangela ukuguga okanye amanqaku agqityiweyo kubalulekile. Ukuqaphela ukuba kukho iimeko ezandisa ingozi yokuphuhlisa i-osteoarthritis kunye nokuba enye ingatshintshwa ibalulekile. Siye safunda kwiminyaka yokuba lesi sifo sinzima kunokuba "siphelelwe ngumqolo". Enyanisweni, izakhiwo kunye namaziko azungezile nazo zichaphazeleka yi-osteoarthritis.
Abaphandi basebenza ekuphuhliseni imithi enye okanye ngaphezulu eyenza ngokufanayo kwi- DMARD (izifo eziguqula izidakamizwa ezichasene ne-rheumatic) zeentlobo zokuvuvukala kwe-arthritis ngokunciphisa ukunyuka kwesifo. Nangona i-DMOAD yegama elichanekileyo yokusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa ze-osteoarthritis sele isetyenzisiwe, sisalindele ukuphuhliswa nokuthengiswa kwe-DMOAD esebenzayo.
Imithombo:
Osteoarthritis. Ukunikezela ngeMpilo. NIAMS. Epreli 2015.
I-Osteoarthritis Epidemiology kunye neengozi. I-Johns Hopkins Arthritis Centre. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Aprili 25, 2012.
UPawulos E. Di Cesare et al. Isahluko 98. I-Kelley's Bookbook yeRheumatology. Elsevier. I-ninth edition.
URichard F. Loesner. MD. I-Pathogenesis ye-Osteoarthritis. Isemgangathweno. Ukuhlaziywa ngoJuni 21, 2016.