Abantu abaninzi ngoku bafuna ukuxhamla imingcwabo, kodwa ngaba wena?
Kwiminyaka emininzi edlulileyo, oosomashishini baqala ukucela nokufumana inkxaso-mali evela kuluntu ngenxa yeengcamango ezingenakubalwa, izixhobo, izizathu kunye nezinye iibhizinisi zisebenza ngenkqubo ebizwa ngokuthi "i-crowdfunding" - ukunyusa ngemimandla emininzi eyenziwa ngabantu abaninzi . Ukuxhomekeka ngokukodwa kwimandla ye-intanethi, ukuxhaphaka kwezixhobo eziphathekayo kunye nokufikelela kumajelo asekuhlaleni, iimpahla ezininzi kunye neenkonzo ziye zathola inkxaso eyaneleyo yoluntu ukusukela kwimbono ekudaleni indalo ngenxa yokubambisana kwabantu.
Ngeli thuba, iiwebhusayithi ezinikezelwe ekuncediseni abantu abantu be-crowdfund zavela, kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, uluhlu lweeprojekthi ezifuna inkxaso-mali lukhulile. Namhlanje, abaququzeleli bafuna iminikelo eninzi yeeprojekthi, kuquka ukugcina isidlo kubafundi besikolo abaphumeleleyo ukuqala ifama yezolimo; ukuxhaswa ngeendleko zonyango ukuze utyando lwezobuchopho ukufumana abantwana abavela phesheya. (Nangona u-Abraham Lincoln umngcwabo ophinda wavusa kwakhona wafuna ukuxhaswa ngemali.) Akumangalisi ukuba abantu abaninzi ngoku babuye baxhamla ukuze bahlawule iindleko zokungcwaba emva kokufa komntu othandekayo ukuba abanako ukufikelela ezi ndleko. Eli nqaku liphonononga ukuba ngaba kufuneka uzame ukungcwaba, ukumbelwa, isikhumbuzo kunye nezinye iindleko ezinxulumene nokufa.
Ngaba Imisebenzi Yomngcwabo Isebenza?
NgoFebruwari 2015, umntu ohlala eToronto, eCanada, waqalisa umkhankaso we-crowdfunding emva kokuva kokufa okubuhlungu kuka-Elisha Marsh, inkwenkwe eneminyaka emithathu ubudala owafa ngenxa yokuxhamla kwiimeko ezibandayo emva kokugqogqa kwindlu yakhe yokuhlala yaseToronto. Ngenye intsasa bembatha nto ngaphandle kweT-shirt, i-diapers kunye neebhotile zasebusika.
(Umntu oqalise le phulo lokuxhamla umxhwele akazange ahambelane nomntwana.) Kwiiyure ezisibhozo, umkhankaso wokubambisa iindleko zomngcwabo weMarsh wakhulisa i-$ 10,000 kwaye, ngeeyure ezingama-24, ngaphezu kwama-130,000 . (Ngokuqinisekileyo, eli phulo lokuxhamla liye laphela ngoFebhuwari 22, 2015, emva kokuphakamisa ngaphezu kwe-$ 173,000.)
Ngokutsho kwinqaku leShishini leFoX elipapashwe ngo-Agasti 2014, i-website ye-crowdfunding ye-YouCaring.com ibhale ngaphezulu kwee-campaigns ezingaphezulu kwama-30,000-ngaphezulu kweemali ezibhalwe kwisayithi ezili-12 ngaphambili. Ngaphezu koko, ngokweli nqaku, le nxaxheba ye-funfunded ehlobene nomngcwabo enxulumene nomngcwabo ephakanyisiwe "ejikeleze i-$ 2,000" kunye nesinye isiza esithatha indawo, iGoFundMe.com , eveze ngaphezu kwe-22,000 yomngcwabo, umrhumo kunye neengqungquthela zesikhumbuzo, ephakanyisiwe umyinge wama-2,200.
Ngokusekelwe kule mizekelo, umntu unokucinga ukuba ukufuna ezininzi iinkonzo ezincinci kwi-intanethi kwiqela elininzi labantu abangaziwayo kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba uncedo olufanelekileyo lweemfuno zabantu ukuphakamisa iilidi ezimbalwa zeedola okanye mhlawumbi, emva kokufa komntu othandekayo. Kodwa ngaba ulindele ukuba iziphumo ezifanayo ukuba ucinga ngemikhankaso yokuxhamla umngcwabo, ukungcwatywa, isikhumbuzo okanye ezinye iindleko zokugqibela?
Amanqaku Ngeemikhankaso zeCrowdfunding
Ngomhla wama-Matshi 20, 2015, kwaye nangona iiprojekthi ezingaphezulu kwama-80,000 ezixhasayo ngeenzuzo ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-8.2 zabaxhasi, izinga lokuphumelela le-Kickstarter.com (indawo ekhokelela kuyo i-crowdfunding site) i-39% kuyo yonke imikhankaso yayo. (Qaphela: I-Kickstarter.com ivumela i-crowdfunding kwiiprojekthi zobugcisa kuphela, oko kuthetha ukuba akukho mkhankaso wemingcwabo / iimfuno zomntu ezivumelekileyo.)
Ngaphezu koko, inqaku likaJanuwari 2015 kwi -New York Times ngokuphathelele ukuxhamla i-crowdfunding yayiquka imibono ngu-Ethan Austin, umqambishelana kunye nomongameli we-GiveForward.com , enye i-website ehamba phambili ye-crowdfunding (kunye neye evumela iiprojekthi zokugqibela zendleko). Ngokutsho kukaAustin, " iipesenti ezingama-80 zabantu abafaka isandla ngabantu owaziyo kunabantu abangabazi ." Uyongezelela: " Ukufumana abantu abathathu okanye abane kwabangama-100 ukuba banike ixabiso elifanelekileyo ."
Enye inqaku malunga nemingcwabo yokufunwa kwemibutho eyapapashwa ngoSeptemba 2014 iphinda iphinde ivakalise izimvo zika-Austin kwaye ibhekisele ngqo kwiiphulo-mali zokugqibela: "... ininzi igalelo iza kuvela kwizihlobo kunye nabahlobo ."
Ngaba Ufanele Uhlawule Iindleko Zomngcwabo?
Umbutho weZizwe zoMngcwabo kaZwelonke (iNFDA), iqumrhu lohwebo elimele amakhaya omngcwabo, abalawuli bamngcwabo kunye nabaqhumisi, baye baqulunqa ulwazi malunga neendleko zomngcwabo ukususela ngo-1960 kwaye rhoqo babala ezi ziphumo baze bapapashe idatha. Ngokutsho kwe-NFDA yeyona ndlebe yakutshanje "I-Survey List List Survey" (ngoJulayi 2013), indleko ephakathi " yomngcwabo wendabuko " i $ 7045 . ( Oku akubandakanyi indawo yokungcwaba, apho amangcwaba afuna khona. Kubandakanya indawo yokungcwaba yamangcwaba, iindleko zokungcwaba ziza ku-$ 8,343 .)
Ngokuxhomekeke kwixabiso lokungcwaba lokugqibela lomngcwabo we-NFDA, kwaye ucinga ukuba iiprojekthi ezininzi zokugqibela zendleko zifumana inkxaso evela kwiintsapho kunye nabahlobo, ukuxhamla abantu abanokuthi bangafihla i-100% yeendleko zomngcwabo, ukungcwatywa, isikhumbuzo kunye / okanye ezinye iindleko zokugqibela emva kokufa othandekayo ngaphandle kokuba iimeko ezijikeleze umntu oshonile kunye / okanye abasindileyo kubaluleke kakhulu. (Kwanjalo ke, akukho siqinisekiso.) Ukufa okubuhlungu komntwana oneminyaka emithathu uElisha Marsh okuchazwe ngasentla kwafumana iindaba ezibonakalayo ezibalulekileyo, ezifuna ukunyamekela, imfesane kunye nokuxhamla abantu abangaziwayo. Nangona ukufa konke kubonakala kunyanzelekile kubantu abawaziyo nabathandekayo abafayo, abaninzi abantu abafayo abafikeleli le nqanaba yoluntu.
Oku kuthethi, akukho nto ikukhusela ekucebiseni iminikelo yemali nge-website ye-crowdfunding yomngcwabo, ukungcwatywa, isikhumbuzo kunye / okanye ezinye iindleko zokugqibela. Nangona ukuqhuba ngempumelelo umkhankaso we-crowdfunding campaign kukufuna umsebenzi omningi, abantu abaninzi banokucinga ukuba nayiphi na inkxaso (s) yemali incedo.
Izicwangciso zeCrowdfunding Plendforms
• Idibanisa iSipho
• Umnikelo
• Ingxowa yoNgcwaba
• Nika phambili
• Yiya kwi-Fund Me
• Indiegogo
• Ukutyalela
• Ukunyamekela
• Sikhathalela iKhadi
Inqaku likaMbhali: Iingxowa-mboleko ezixhomekeke apha ngasentla zibonelelwa ngenjongo yolwazi kuphela, kwaye abafundi abafanele baveze ukufakwa kwabo apha njengendlela yokuvumela, ingaba ivakalisa okanye iyicacisiwe.
Ulwazi olongezelelweyo :
• Ingaba Ingcwaba Ngokwenene Iyona Intengiso Eyona Ninzi Yithengi?
Imithombo :
"Imingcwabo Yenkcitho: Yintoni Okufuneka Uyazi" ngoKayleigh Kulp, Agasti 8, 2014. www.foxbusiness.com . Ibuyiswe ngoMatshi 3, 2015. http://www.foxbusiness.com/personal-finance/2014/08/08/crowdfunding-funding-what-ne---know
"Umkhankaso we-Intanethi uvuselela i-$ 130,000 ngomngcwabo ka-Eliya" ngoRobin Levinson King, ngoFebruwari 20, 2015. www.thestar.com. Ukubuyiselwa ngo-Matshi 3, 2015. http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2015/02/20/online-compaign-foriaelis-funeral-tops-35000.html
"Uncedo lokuGcina iindleko zomngcwabo kaEliya Marsh" nguJustin Kozuch. www.tilt.com . Kubuyiselwe uMatshi 3, 2015. https://www.tilt.com/campaigns/help-re-costs-of-elijah-marchs-funeral
"Izibalo." www.kickstarter.com . Ibuyiswe ngoMatshi 20, 2015. https://www.kickstarter.com/help/stats
"Ukulawula iindleko zezeMpilo kunye neCrowdfunding" nguConstance Gustke, ngoJanuwari 30, 2015. I-New York Times . Ibuyiswe ngoMatshi 12, 2015. http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/31/business/managing-health-costs-with-crowdfunding.html
"Iindleko zoMngcwabo zeNdleko zoLuthandwa" nguJood Helmer, ngoSeptemba 4, 2014. www.nextavenue.org . Ukubuyiselwa kuMatshi 12, 2015. http://www.nextavenue.org/article/2014-08/crowdfunding-funeral-costs-loved-one
"I-NFDA I-General List List List Study 2013". UmNyango weZizwe zoMngcwabo weSizwe. Ukubuyiselwa kuMatshi 20, 2015. Ukuqokelela kombhali.