Abaqeqeshi bezempilo, eUnited States nakwamanye amazwe, banokubakho ukuxhatshazwa kakubi ngokweziyobisi, uphando lwangoku lubonakalisa. Uphando olulodwa oluvela e-Australia, umzekelo, luye lwabonisa ukuba, ngokwemyinge, abaqeqeshi bezempilo be-37 bafa ngamnye ngonyaka kunyuka kweziyobisi.
Okwangoku, uphando lworhulumente wase-United States lufumene ukuba abangaphezu kwe-168,000 abasebenzi bezempilo kunye nabasebenzi bezentlalo bancedisa ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni ngonyaka ngamnye.
Phakathi kuka-2003 no-2013, i-coroners yase-Australia yabhala ama-404 abulala izidakamizwa phakathi kwabaqeqeshi bezempilo, kunye nabongikazi abangama-63 ekhulwini abo bafa kunye noogqirha kwi-18 ekhulwini.
Abaphengululi bathi ininzi yeziyobisi zafunyanwa ngokungekho mthethweni kwiindawo zokusebenzela zabasebenzi, mhlawumbi ngokuba okanye ukunyanga. Batsho ukuba izinto ezininzi zingabangela ukuba abasebenzi bezempilo bafumane ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi kunye nokufa kwangaphambi kokufa, kubandakanywa nemisebenzi yokuxininisa kakhulu, iiyure zomsebenzi omde, kunye nokufikelela ngokufanelekileyo kwizinto ezilawulwayo.
Iingcali ezininzi zivakalelwa kukuba ingxaki ibangelwa ukudibanisa kwengxaki ephezulu yemisebenzi kunye nokufikelela lula kumayeza.
Kutheni ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi kukhula phakathi kwabasebenzi bezonyango
Ukukhawuleza ukukhanya kolu hlobo, uK Kent Runyon, iGosa loXhotyiso kunye no-Vice-President we-Social Relations kwi-Novus Medical Detox Centre eFlorida, wabelane ngeengcamango zakhe kwizinga elikhulayo lokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi phakathi kwabasebenzi bezempilo.
I-Novus Medical Detox Centre yindawo yokunyango lweziyobisi ejolise ekuncediseni uluntu lwempilo ngoncedo olujongene nokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi ngaphakathi kwabasebenzi bokunakekelwa kwempilo kunye nabaqeshi abakhawulezayo ukuba balungiselele ngokufanelekileyo iinkqubo zengcali ezijolise ekuthintela ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi kunye nokubonelela unyango olufanelekileyo.)
Kutheni ucinga ukuba utywala kakubi kakhulu kubasebenzi bezempilo? Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi kubanzi kulo lonke uluntu lwethu, ngoko ke ukuba ukubetha abasebenzi bethu bezempilo kuyinto emangalisayo. Igalelo labasebenzi abaninzi benonophelo lwempilo kukufikelela kwabo kwiidakamizwa zemithi kwindawo yokusebenzela, okwenza kube lula, nokuba kube yingozi, ukusebenzisa le micimbi. Sandula [siphathwe] ugqirha owayesela iFentanyl kwindawo yakhe yokusebenzela ukuze atyekele umlutha wakhe kwisibisi.
Yintoni enokuyenza umntu ononophelo lwempilo xa egxeka umntu osebenza naye wokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi? Indawo nganye yomsebenzi iza kuba neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokubika imiba enjengale ndawo kwindawo yokusebenzela. Kwiimeko ezininzi, impendulo echanekileyo iya kuba yinkxalabo kumphathi wesondlo okanye ubike ingxelo ngokukodwa kumntu kwiSebe lezoLuntu.
Ziziphi ezinye zeempawu okanye iimpawu ezinokuthi umqeqeshi wezempilo angabonakalisa ukuba unomlutha, okanye usebenzisa kakubi iziyobisi okanye utywala?
- Ukuqhathaniswa rhoqo okanye ukungabikho okucacileyo. Oku kuya kubandakanya utshintsho okanye inani elingaqhelekanga lekhefu ezithathwe
- Ukungahambisani nokusebenza emsebenzini.
- Iingxaki zemali.
- Iingozi eziqhelekileyo ezincinci ezibangelwa ukulimala okwenzakala okanye izinto eziphukileyo.
- Izimpawu ezingaqhelekanga zomzimba okanye iimpawu zokuziphatha (ukungaqiniseki, ukungasebenzi ngokuzimeleyo, ukulahleka kwegazi, iingxaki zezinyo, ukugqoka iimpahla ezinde kwiintsuku ezishisayo, njl.)
- Ukungabikho kokukhathazeka ngokukhawuleza ngokubonakala komntu kunye nococeko.
- I-Moody kunye noshintsho olubanzi kwimpendulo yabo kwimpendulo eyakhayo kunye nolunye uqhagamshelwano lomsebenzi rhoqo.
- Ukungafuni ukuthetha ngezinto ezithandwayo, ubomi bentsapho, okanye iimfuno zomntu kumntu owayeza kuqala.
- Amanqanaba aphantsi okuvelisa imveliso ekuseni; ubuqili obuqhelekileyo xa kuqala ukubika ukusebenza
- Amehlo egazi, okanye iingxowa phantsi kwamehlo ezibonisa ukungabikho kokulala.
- Utshintsho kwiintsebenziswano zentlalo kunye nabasebenzi abasebenzisana nabo. Eyona nto ibonakalayo, ayisayi kuchitha ixesha kwikhefu okanye emva kweeyure kunye nabasebenzi abasebenzisana nabo.
Yintoni abangayenza abaqeshi bezempilo ukuze banciphise le ngxaki kwindawo yokusebenzela? Abaqeshi kufuneka bahlale benomgaqo-nkqubo wendawo osebenzayo ongekho mthethweni, kunye neendlela ezintle ezifana nokuhlolwa kweziyobisi, imfundo yabasebenzi kunye neenkqubo zoNcedo lwabaSebenzi (EAP). Ukongezelela, abaqeshi nabaphathi abaphezulu kufuneka bafezekise kwaye bagcine izinga eliphezulu lokukhusela nokuphendula izinto ezilawulwayo. Nciphise nayiphi na umngcipheko ukuba umongikazi okanye ugqirha angaphinde aqondise [amayeza] ukuze asebenzise.
Khangela ngakumbi
E-United States, ingxelo yamuva malunga nokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi ngoshishino xa kuthelekiswa nedatha edibeneyo ukusuka ku-2003-2007 no-2008-2012, kwaye yafumana inani leenkonzo zonyango kunye neentlalo zengcali zonyango ezingekho mthethweni ezisuka kumyinge wama-164,600 ukuya 168,400 ngonyaka. Ibali lase-USA I-TODAY yophando ibonisa kwakhona ukuba aba-1 kwizakhono ezili-10 baya kutshatyalaliswa kweziyobisi okanye ukusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala ngexesha elithile ebomini babo.
Yintoni eyenza le ndlela ihambelana noko, ngaba abasebenzi bezempilo bayaphathiswa ukunakekela abanye, ngelixa abaninzi abaqeqeshi bezonyango bafuna unyango olunzulu ngokwabo.
"Abasebenzi bezempilo bayalindelwa ukuba badlale indima ephambili ekuchongeni nasekuphatheni izigulane ezineengxaki zokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi. Nangona kunjalo uphando lubonisa ukuba inani lazo lizilwela imfazwe kunye nokuxhomekeka, "kuchaza uWes Wesch, uMlawuli we-Admissions kwi-Novus Medical Detox Centre. "Aba bantu banokuziqonda ingozi yokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi, ngoko ke into yokuba baye baxhamla kuyo ibonisa ukuba akukho mntu ukhuselekayo okanye ukuxhomekeka."
Nangona ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwezobisi kwiinkampani zonyango kungenzeka ukuba kwakunakucatshangelwa okanye kungaphantsi kwengxelo, uWesch uthi iidrama ezithandwayo njengeNetflix uchungechunge uMhlengikazi Jackie ziye zaphakamisa ukuqonda ngolu hlobo, ngelixa iindaba zeendaba zibonise impembelelo ezinokwenzeka. Ngokomzekelo, isazi esinye sezibhedlele esiye safunyanwa ukuba sizijobelele ngezigulane zezigulane kwaye ukuzalisa iisringana kunye ne-saline kukholelwa ukuba sele sisulele izigulane ezingama-45 ezine-hepatitis.
Ukugqithiswa kweziyobisi phakathi kwabasebenzi bezempilo kunokuba nemiphumo emibi kubagulane kunye nezigulane ngokufanayo, "waxwayisa uWesch. "Kungenxa yoko kubaluleke kakhulu kubaqeshi ukuba babe neenkqubo kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yokujongana nale miba yezinto ngaphambi kokuba zikhokele kwiziphumo ezibulalayo. Abalawuli kufuneka babeke esweni abasebenzi malunga neempawu zokuxinezeleka kunye nokusebenza ngokugqithiseleyo, kunye nokubonelela ngeenkonzo ezifanelekileyo zempilo yengqondo ukuvimbela abasebenzi ukuba 'bazinyango' ukuze bahlangabezane neemfuno zabo zemisebenzi. "
Isenzo soLuleko
Ukongeza kwinkathazo yimeko leyo kukuba abaninzi abasebenzi bezempilo bayayazi kakuhle ukuba umsebenzi wabo ungadalwa ngokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi . Isenzo soqeqesho singabandakanya ukurhoxiswa kweelayisenisi okanye ukukhishwa ngaphandle ngaphandle kokuze kwenziwe unyango. Nangona ugqirha , ngokomzekelo, unako ukugqiba ngempumelelo unyango lwexilongo okanye ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi, ukumiselwa kweelayisensi kuhlala kwirekhodi yakhe, kusebenza njengeflegi ebomvu kubaqeshi besikhathi esizayo. Oku kunokubangela ukuba abasebenzi bezempilo babephephe ukufuna uncedo kumzamo wokufihla ingxaki. Nangona kunjalo, ingxaki yokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi ngokugqithiseleyo ekugqibeleni igcina umxhaphazi, kodwa ingadlulanga umonakalo omkhulu kubo bonke abachaphazelekayo: izigulane, osebenza nabo kunye nomxhaphazi ngokwakhe.
Ngoko ke, uWesch ucebisa nabaqeshi ukuba banikeze kwaye bakhuthaze ukufikelela kwiinkqubo zonyango lweziyobisi kunokuthembela kuphela kwimigaqo yokugweba. "Ukuba abaqeqeshi bempilo bayesaba imisebenzi yabo, banako ukufihla ukusebenzisa kwabo izinto kunokufuna uncedo. Ngokufanayo, abasebenzi banokukwazi ukugubungela abo basebenzisana nabo ukuba basebenzise iziyobisi ngenxa yokuba abafuni ukufunyanwa ngabani na, "wachaza. "Xa abaqeshi bexhasa iiprogram ze-drug rehab kunye ne-detox, kunokushukumisela abasebenzisi ukuba bahlambuluke. Kwakhona kunika isikhungo sokunakekelwa kwempilo ithuba lokuba kuphinde kubuye kusebenze umsebenzi ozinikeleyo kwaye onamava kunokuba athathe kwaye aqeqeshe indawo. "
> Imithombo:
> Pilgrim, uJennifer L .; Rhyse Dorward; no-Olaf H. Drummer. "Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi-kubangelwa ukufa kwabasebenzi base-Australia kunye nabaPhezulu beZonyango"; Umlutha; NgoNovemba 20, 2016. onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/add.13619/full
> Bush, uDonna M. noRachel N. Lipari. Ingxelo ye-CBHSQ: Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa nguMashishini; Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi kunye noLawulo lweeNkonzo zezeMpilo, iZiko loLwazi lweMpilo kunye neNqanaba; Epreli 16, 2015.
> Scott, uSophie noDkt. Norman Swan. "Isifundo sichaza izinga eliphezulu le-'Intential 'Ukufelwa kwezidakamizwa phakathi kwabahlengikazi"; I-ABC (i-Australian Broadcasting Corporation); Novemba 20, 2016.
> Eisler, uPetros. "Oogqirha, abasebenzi bezonyango kwiidakamizwa babeka izigulane engozini"; USA namhlanje; NgoAprili 17, 2014.