Umlumzane uyaluma . Ngokuqhelekileyo kuyinkathazo. Kodwa ngokuluma ngalunye, kunokuba ngaphezulu. Kukho ithuba elincinci lokusasazeka kwezifo, kwaye nangona oko kubonakala kunkwantya, khumbula ukuba nje ukuba noozinyo kunye neentsholongwane azungezekanga. Kumele ibe yintsholongwane efanelekileyo kwimiyane efanelekileyo kwindawo efanelekileyo. Inambuzane inokudala ingxaki ethile ukuba iifayili ezifanelekileyo kunye nezinye izifo eziphilayo zikhoyo.
Intsholongwane elungileyo, umlumko olungileyo, kunye nendawo ebonakalayo ibonakala ibhala ngaphezulu nangaphezulu. Sibone ubugqirha obuninzi obuthathwe yi-moshi . Oku akuthethi nje ngeZika kuphela, kodwa kunye neChikungunya , iDengue kunye ne- yellow fever . Ezi ntsholongwane zavela ngokukhawuleza apho zazingalindelekanga, ngakumbi eMelika, kodwa nakwi-Asia nase-Afrika.
Ngaba i-Mayaro Virus i-New bug kwi-Block?
Isampuli yebhabhati evela kwinkwenkwe enefiva eHaiti ngo-2015 yaboniswa ukuba i-positive ye-Mayaro. Intsholongwane ayizange ibonwe eHaiti ngaphambili. Zonke iimeko zangaphambili zibonwe eMzantsi Melika.
Kungenzeka ukuba intsholongwane sele ikhona kuyo yonke indawo, engakhange ichongwe. Intsholongwane yokuqala yayiza kuqala eMzantsi Melika ukusuka eAfrika kwiminyaka embalwa embalwa edlulileyo. Ngaphandle kobunzima bebhanti yokuvavanya le ntsho longwane, kungenzeka ukuba ezinye iimeko zazicingwa ukuba yi-Dengue okanye azizange zifumaneke.
Intsholongwane ebonwayo inekhoko eyahlukileyo kunamanye amaninzi atshanje abonwa eMzantsi Melika.
Unomzali ofanayo kunye nobunzima obufumaneka eBrazil kwiminyaka engama-50 edluleyo.
Ngokubukhali, kwabonakala ukuba uZika wayeseHaiti ngaphambi kokuba abonakale eBrazil (nangona mhlawumbi bekuseBrazil ngaphambili). Nokuba kunjalo ne-Zika, intsholongwane yayivela eSouth Pacific. Kodwa kusenokuba kunjalo ukuba intsholongwane ibe seHaiti eside kunokuba sazi.
Akukho sikhokelo sokukholelwa ukuba iMearo iyakusasazeka ngokukhawuleza, kodwa kuya kuba kuhle ukuhlala ujonge iintsholongwane.
Iimpawu zeMayaro Virus Disease
Isifo esibangelwa yi-virus ye-Mayaro (MAYV) siqala ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo sihlala iintsuku ezintathu ukuya ezintlanu. Esi sifo sinokubandakanya umkhuhlane, ama-aches ahlangeneyo, iintlungu zomzimba, intloko, iintlungu zamehlo (ingakumbi ngasemva kwamehlo), ukugqithisa, kunye nesicathulo, ukuhlanza kunye nohudo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iimpawu zegazi ziye zenzeka.
Usulelo luhlala lufutshane, kodwa lunokubangela ukuba ubuhlungu obudibeneyo buhlala ixesha elide. Oku kunokuba yingxaki yangempela kulabo bachaphazelekayo buhlungu okanye obuhlala buhlungu. Ezi zibuhlungu zingabakho ngokugqithiseleyo emagqabeni, ngamadolo, okanye ezandleni kwaye zingakwazi ukukhubazeka, ukwenza kube nzima ukuhamba okanye ukubhala. Kodwa ke, ngokuqhelekileyo ukuzincipha. Uninzi lwabantu lulungile emva koko.
Akuzange kubekho na iingxelo zeengxaki ngexesha lokukhulelwa, kodwa intsholongwane ayizange ifundwe kunye nezinye iigciwane ngenxa yokuba ayiqhelekanga kwaye ifunyenwe kwiindawo ezikude.
Iphi i-Virus Canaro Spread?
Oko kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezininzi. Uninzi lwalo luxhomekeke kwiintsholongwane kunye nokuba ngaba omiyane bangasasaza le ntsholongwane. Ayikho yonke inambuzane eyasasaza zonke iintsholongwane ezithwala ummi.
Umiyane olusoloko lunxulumene nesifo se-Mayaro lufumaneka kakhulu eMzantsi Melika ( Haemagogus janthinomys). Oku bekucingwe ukuba yinxalenye yesizathu sokuba intsholongwane yayikuyo-kwaye kungekunye.
Nangona kunjalo, kukho iinambuzane ezahlukahlukeneyo ezibandakanya (kuquka iMansonia venezuelensis kunye nabangqingi baCulex ).
Okona kubaluleke ngakumbi, ukuba sonke siphila kude ne-Amazon, intsholongwane inokukwazi ukusasaza nge-Aedes (umzekelo, njenge-Aedes aegypti). Lo ngumnye umlingo oye wasasaza iZika, iDengue, kunye neChikungunya. I-Aedes aegypti ifumaneka kwiindawo ezininzi zaseMerika, e-Asia nase-Afrika.
Umiyane lunokufunyanwa kwamanye amazwe kwingxenye esezantsi ye-US.
Indawo
Intsholongwane isasazeka kwihlathi.
Kwafunyanwa kuqala kuma-1950 phakathi kwabasebenzi basehlathini eTrinidad. Kukho idolophu kunye nenxweme eTrinidad ebizwa ngokuthi iMearoaro, eyayiyindawo apho igciwane leMearoaro laqala ukubonwa khona. Ukususela ngoko abantu abasenyakatho nabancinane abahambahambayo baye bafunyanwa benesifo okanye intsholongwane. Ngokukodwa, ukuhanjiswa kubhalwe eBrazil, eVenezuela, ePeru, eFrench Guyana, e-Ecuador, eBolivia, eSurin, kunye naseTrinidad naseTobago kunye ne-Haiti ngoku.
Ama-antibodies afunyenwe ngasentla kummandla wePanama, iCosta Rica, iGuatemala kunye neMexico. Kungenzeka ukuba le ntsholongwane isasazeke ngakumbi kunokuba sazi.
Ukufana, Ukuvavanya, UkuBaluleka kunye noTyango
I-Mayaro yinto enjengeDengue kunye neChikungunya, kwakunye neZika. Ukugqithwa kunye neentlungu zomzimba zibonakala zifana nazo zonke ezi zifo kwaye ngoko isifo singasifumananga.
Kukho iimvavanyo zegazi kwi-virus ye-Mayaro. Ezi zijonge ama-antibodies, kwakunye ngqo ne-virus. Oku kunokwenziwa kwii-labra zokuhanjiswa kweengcali, njengeCDC. Oku akusivivinywa esingaqhutywa kwikliniki okanye kwisibhedlele. Ukongezelela, uvavanyo lweklinikhi kunye neemvavanyo zesebe ezisisiseko ziya kwenza ukuba intsholongwane ibonakale ngathi yinto engumngcipheko. Iimvavanyo zamabhanki zivame ukubonisa iiplatelets eziphantsi kunye nokubala kwe-white cell cell, njengeDengue.
Akukho sitofu sokugonywa okwamanje. Kukho, ke, ukusebenza kwisitofu sokugonya, kufana nomsebenzi kwi- vaccine yeZika .
I-Mayaro yi-Alphavirus, eyomndeni weTogaviridae weentsholongwane. Ezinye i-Alphaviruses ziquka i-Chikungunya virus, igciwane le-encephalitis yase-Eastern equine, igciwane le-O'Nyong Nyong, isifo se-Ross River kunye ne-virus ye-Barmah Forest. Zininzi ezinye iAlvirvirus ezichaphazela abantu, izilwanyana (kuquka amahashe) kunye nazo zonke iintlobo zezilwanyana, njengeentaka ezininzi.
Ukunyuka kwamaVirus
Ingqungquthela enkulu yolu luhlu lwehlabathi.
Ukuhamba, bobabini basekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, kushukumisela izimbungulu ukusuka apho ziqhelekileyo ngoku ukuya apho zingakaze zibonwe ngaphambili. Oku kuthetha ukuba intsholongwane eqhelekileyo kodwa engaxakaliyo, xa ithatyathwa kwindawo entsha, sulela bonke abantu ngokukhawuleza.
Ngaphambi kokuba, abaninzi abantu babeza kufumana intsholongwane xa bebantwana (kuba kwakunzima, kwakunzima ukukwenza ukuba ube ngumdala ngaphandle kokufumana). Nangona kunjalo, xa isifo sithunyelwa ngaphandle kwindawo entsha, singasasazeka ngokukhawuleza kubo bonke abantu ngokukhawuleza njengoko kungekho mntu ubenakho ngaphambili. Kule ndawo entsha, akukho mkhuhlane weengcongolo ; akukho mntu okhuselekayo kwaye wonke umntu unokukhupha konke ngexesha elilodwa , kungekhona nje abantwana abambalwa abagulayo ngokukhawuleza ngexesha.
Kodwa akukho ngaphezu kwehlabathi kunye nokuhamba. Izifo ziye zasasazeka ngoku kwezi zizathu ezininzi:
- Ngamaxesha afudumeleyo axhasayo intsholongwane yobuthakathaka, Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kusenokukhawulezisa ukusasazeka kwezifo.
- Abantu abaninzi abahlala kwiidolophu ezixubileyo kuthetha ukuba ukuhlaliswa kwamadolophu kukhulisa ukusabalala kweentsholongwane ezintsha.
- Umsebenzi omningi kwimimandla yasemaphandleni-njengokumbiwa kwezimayini, ukulima, okanye indawo yokuhlala-unokukwazisa kwakhona iintsholongwane ezintsha ezivela emahlathini ukuya kwizixeko.
- Ulimo, ngokukodwa ukunyuka kwemfuyo okanye ukuthutha okungaqhelekanga kwezimbungulu, kunokukunceda ukuzisa izifo.
- Izibonelelo zezeMpilo ziyakwazi ukukhulisa ezinye izifo xa izilumkiso ezifanelekileyo zingathathwa.
Ukulwa neeVIV
Xa iifudu zihamba, sifunda izinto ezininzi ngabo.
Into enokubonakala ngathi isifo esincinci kwindawo enye itholakala ukuba ithwale ingozi engaphezulu kwenye indawo. Ngamanye amaxesha oku kungenxa yokuba uhlolo nophando lwezempilo luhlukile kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Kodwa kungenxa yokuba ukusuleleka kunokuchaphazela abanye abantu ngokuhlukileyo.
Usulelo oluqhelekileyo kwaye luchaphazela abantwana luyahluka kakhulu xa luchaphazela bonke abantu kanye. Ezinye iintsholongwane zihluke kakhulu kubantwana kunabantu abadala, ingakumbi abafazi abakhulelweyo kunye neentsana zaza zazalwa. Oku kungabangela iziphumo ezinqabileyo ukuba zange zibonwe ngaphambili, njenge-microcephaly , ziphawulwe. UZika akayena yedwa kule. Kwakunokwenzeka into efanayo xa uthe inkukhu ikhutshulwa kwaye isetyenziselwa kuphela ukusulela abantwana, kunye nabafazi abakhulelwe abane-HIV ababenabantwana ababenokuthi babe ne-microcephaly okanye ezinye iingxaki. Ngoko ukusuleleka esaziyo kwindawo enye akunakufana kwenye indawo, kodwa njengoko sifunda ngakumbi malunga nabo, sinokuzibamba kakuhle.
> Imithombo:
> Mayaro Virus kwi-Child ene-Acute Febrile. Hayiti. 2015.
> I-Mayaro Virus Disease: I-Mosquito Emerging-Borne Zoonosis eMzantsi Melika aseMerika.
> Kanya C, et al. Ukutshintshwa kovavanyo lwe-Mayaro Virus ngu- Aedes aegypti. I-J Trop Med Hyg. 2011 Oktobha 1; 85 (4): 750-757.
> I-Virus ye-Mayaro: I-Agent entsha yeNtlupheko yezifo: II. Ukukhutshwa kwegazi kwiGazi labaPhepha eTrinidad.
http://www.ajtmh.org/content/journals/10.4269/ajtmh.1957.6.1012#html_fulltext
> Mourão M, et al. I-Mayaro Fever kwisiXeko saseManaus. Brazil. 2007-2008. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2012 uJan; 12 (1) 42-46.