Ukuhlinzwa okwenziwa nge-Hip kunye nokuguqulwa kwamadolo kuphakathi kweenkqubo ezigqithisileyo eziqhutywe ngabagqirha bamazinyo. Enye yeenjongo eziphambili zokuqhaqha ngokutshintshaniswa ngokutsha kukubonelela izigulane ezihamba nale nkqubo ngenzantyala ekhululekile, iqhagamshelo eliqhelekileyo lokusebenza elivumela ukuba babuyele kwimisebenzi yabo efunwayo. Nangona kunjalo, enye injongo ephambili kukuqinisekisa unyango olukhuselekileyo olunokuthi luncitshiswe ingozi kwaye lufuna ukukhusela nayiphi na ingozi.
Imiba emininzi yokusebenza ngokutsha ngokubambisana iphuculwe kudlulileyo kwiminyaka emininzi edlulileyo ukwenzela ukunciphisa ubunobungozi obuchaphazelekayo. Enye yezona ndlela ezincedo kakhulu zokunciphisa ingozi echaphazelekayo nokuhlinzwa ukuba ukwazi ukujonga ukuba zeziphi izigulana kunye naziphi na iindlela ezingenelele ezinokudityaniswa nomonakalo omkhulu wengozi.
Ukuthintela Ukulimala Kokutshintshwa Okuhlangeneyo
Uninzi lwabantu oluqwalasela ukutshintshiselwa kwamanye amazwe bayazi ezinye zeengozi eziqhelekileyo ezinxulumene nale hlobo lonyango. Ezinye zeengozi eziqhelekileyo ziquka ukusuleleka, i- clot yegazi , ukuqina okuhlangeneyo , intlungu eqhubekayo , phakathi kwabanye.
Ngomgudu wokunciphisa ubunzima beengxaki ezinokwenzeka ezinxulumene nophando, iqela lakho lokugada liya kuthatha amanyathelo amaninzi ukuzama ukukhusela le ngxaki. Ukongezelela, kukho iinzame zokunyuka ukuzama ukubona ukuba zeziphi izigulana ezinokuthi zibe yingozi enkulu yokubakho iingxaki, kwaye uthathe amanyathelo okuzama nokunciphisa inokulimaza phambi kokuhlinzwa kulo maqela athile abantu.
Isinyathelo sokuqala esiyimfuneko kukuba uzame ukufumana ukuba zeziphi izinto ezinokukhokelela ekubakho ubunzima emva kokutshintshwa ngokubambisana. Ngomzamo wokuzama ukubona ukuba zeziphi izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu, kukho uphando oluphanda apho izigulane zifuna ukufundwa esibhedlele zingaphantsi kweentsuku ezingama-90 zenkqubo yokuqapha.
Uphando olutshanje luphande izigulane ezingama-1500 ezithatha indawo yokuguqulwa okanye idolo, kwaye uzama ukujonga ukuba zeziphi izinto ezinokukhokelela ekunyusweni kwamanyathelo okuqala emva kweenyanga ezintathu emva kokuhlinzwa.
ASA
Uphando lufumanise ukuba enye yeengozi ebalulekileyo ebandakanywa nokufunyanwa esibhedlele yayingumlinganiselo ophezulu we-ASA. Umlinganiselo we-ASA uphuhliswe yi-American Society of Anesthesiologists ukukhetha ukufaneleka kwezigulane ezithotywayo. Ekuqaleni kwakukho iindidi ezintlanu, kwaye yesithandathu yongezwa. Ngokubanzi, ukutshintshwa okuhlangeneyo kunokuqwalaselwa kuphela kwiindidi 1 ukuya ku-4.
Izigulane zeAAA zokubala izigulane zilandelayo:
- Umntu ophilileyo
- Isifo esifanelekileyo sesistim
- Isifo se-systic
- Isifo se-systemic esisisigxina esisongela ubomi
Abantu abanomlinganiselo we-ASA wesi-3 okanye ngaphezulu bafumana umngcipheko omkhulu wokungeniswa kwakhona esibhedlele. Ezi zi gulane kufuneka zihlolwe ngokucophelela phambi kokuhlinzwa, kwaye kufuneka kuthathelwe amanyathelo ukujongana nezifo ze-systemic ezibangela ukuba kubekho umngcipheko wokungenelela kokungenelela.
Indawo yokukhupha
Ngoku kutshanje kwimihla embalwa edluleyo, phantse zonke izigulane ezithatha indawo yokubambisana ngokubambisana zithunyelwa kwiziko lokuvuselela okanye ikhaya labahlengikazi emva kwesibhedlele sabo esibhedlele.
Ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-10 edluleyo, ukusetyenziswa kweenkonzo ezingenasifo sengqondo esicacileyo kunciphile ngokuphawulekayo. Ingxenye yesizathu sokuhla kwelokuba abantu abaya kwiindawo zokuvuselela izigulane okanye amakhaya anamahlengikazi banethuba eliphezulu lokufuna ukufundwa esibhedlele. Izigulane ezininzi zihanjiswa ekhaya kunye neenkonzo zezempilo zasekhaya okanye unyango lomzimba ongaphantsi. Ukongezelela, abanye oogqirha baqala ukuphuhlisa iinkqubo ezivumela ukutyunjwa okutshatyalaliswa kwabasebenzi abangaphandle .
Ukutshintshwa kwezicwangciso zokukhutshwa kwabantu ababenokutshintshwa ngokubambisana kunamangalisa. Ngoku kutshanje ekupheleni kwee-1990, iipesenti ezili-15 kuphela zezigulane zahamba ngokuthe ngqo zivela esibhedlele.
Namhlanje, ngaphezu kweepesenti ezingama-50 zezigulane kwizibhedlele ezininzi, kwaye kwezinye izilwanyana zesibhedlele ipesenti ephakamileyo kakhulu, ziya ngqo kwikhaya esibhedlele esibhedlele.
Kukho izizathu ezininzi ezinokuthi uchaze ukuba kutheni izigulana ezifuna ukulungiswa kwesifo sengqondo emva kwesigxina zingaba nomngcipheko ophezulu wokufunda esibhedlele. Ezi zivame ukuba ngabanye ababuthathaka, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha banezinye iinkalo zonyango. Ukongezelela, abaninzi abagqirha banenkxalabo malunga neengxaki zokunakekelwa kwempilo ezinokuthi zenzeke kule ndawo yokuvuselela kunye nokunesi. Ezi zizathu zinokubangela ukuba kube negalelo eliphezulu lokufuna ukufundwa emva kokutshintshwa ngokubambisana.
I-Index Mass Mass
I-index ye-mass mass, okanye i-BMI, yabantu abaqhutyelwa ukutyunjwa ngokubambisana ngokuqhubekayo kuba yiyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu yokubakho ubunzima, kubandakanywa nokubhengezwa esibhedlele. Abantu abane-BMI abangaphezu kwama-40 babonise ingozi ephezulu yokuxilongwa emva kokuhlinzwa okuhlanganyelweyo okubandakanya ukufundwa okungenakulungiswa esibhedlele.
Enye yeyona mingeni enzima kakhulu ye-BMI, kukukwazi ukutshintsha i-BMI ngaphambili, okanye emva koko, ukutyunjwa okutshintshiweyo. Abantu abane-arthritis enamandla, kwaye banzima kakhulu, babe nexesha elinzima ukuzama ukunciphisa ubunzima obunikwe intlungu edibeneyo. Kwinqaku elihle, kukho iindlela zokusebenzisa umzimba kunye nokulahleka kwesisindo esinokukunceda abanye bala bantu. Ukuba unesizathu sokunciphisa umngcipheko wakho weengxaki ngaphambi kokuba utyunjelwe, uxoxe nodokotela wakhe ezinye iindlela ongazisebenzisa ukunciphisa isalathisi somzimba wakho.
ILizwi
Utyando olwenziwa ngokutsha luyinkqubo ekhuselekileyo nenempumelelo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iingxaki ezinokwenzeka, ezinye zazo ezinokuba nemiphumo emibi. Ngenxa yeso sizathu, oogqirha baya kuba banomdla wokuqikelela ukuba iziphi izigulane zinethuba eliphezulu lokuphuhlisa iingxaki ezinxulumene nokungenelela, kwaye emva koko uthatha amanyathelo okunciphisa le ngozi. Kubalulekile ukuba abantu baqwalasele ukutshintshwa ngokubambisana ukuze baqonde ukuba ngaba babe no mngcipheko ophezulu wenkxalabo, kwaye bafunda namanyathelo anokukwazi ukuthatha ukuba banciphise amathuba abo okuba neyodwa yezi ngxaki.
> Imithombo:
> Varacallo MA, Herzog L, Toossi N, Johanson NA. Iimpawu Zonyaka Zama-10 kunye Nezinto Ezizimeleyo zobungozi bokuBamkela ngokungavumelekanga Emva kokukhethwa kwe-Arthroplasty yokuHlanganiswa kweZizwe eziMgangatho oMkhulu "J Arthroplasty. 2017 Juni; 32 (6): 1739-1746. Epub 2016 Dec 27.