Ukhenketho lwezonyango, eyaziwa nangokuthi utyando lwaphesheya okanye utyando lwaphesheya, yinkqubo yokushiya ilizwe lakho kwikhaya ukwenzela ukuba unyango kwelinye ilizwe. Oku akufanele kudideke kunye nokuhlinzwa okungenakulungiswa kwelinye ilizwe ngenxa yesifo esingalindelekanga okanye ukulimala. Ukhenketho lwezokwelapha lithetha ngokuthe ngqo ukuya kwelinye ilizwe ngenjongo yokunakekelwa kwezempilo okanye ukuhlinzwa.
Ngeli xesha, kuqikelelwa ukuba abantu abangama-750,000 okanye abaninzi baseMelika baza kufuna unyango lwezempilo ngaphandle kwe-United States ngonyaka ozayo. Abaninzi babo baya kufuna ukuhlinzwa ngendleko ephantsi, okanye inkqubo abangenakuyenza ekhaya.
Kutheni Kutyelelo Lwezonyango Ludume kakhulu
Ukhenketho lwezonyango lukhangeleka ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwiindleko zokuhlinzwa ekhaya, ukuba ngumfuduki okhetha ukuhlinzwa kwilizwe lazo.
- Iindleko eziphantsi zoKhenketho lwezoNyango: Iindleko zokuhlinzwa ziphantsi kakhulu kumazwe angaphandle xa kuthelekiswa neendleko zokuhlinzwa okufanayo e-United States. Kwomntu onomsebenzi ongenakutyhulwa yinshurensi, njengophenyo lwezonyango, okanye umntu ongenayo i-inshorensi, umahluko unokuba lukhulu.
Enyanisweni, iindleko zeenkqubo ezithile zingaba ngamaphesenti angama-90 ngaphantsi kwamazwe angaphandle kunokuba kwakube e-United States. Ugqirha eNdiya ngokukhethekileyo ayithengi, kwaye izigulane zihamba ziya eMalaysia, eBrazil, eSingapore, eCosta Rica, eMexico, eThailand naseVietnam.
Siyazi ukuba kutheni ukuhlinzwa e-United States kuyabiza kakhulu , kodwa kutheni ukhathalelo lwezonyango kunye nokunyangwa kwamayeza ngaphandle kwexabiso elingaphantsi? Iindleko zabasebenzi, nokuba ngabahlengikazi, ii-aids, oogqirha okanye oomachiza, zidla ngokukhawuleza. Kwakhona, i-inshurensi yokungasebenzi, engakhokelela ngaphezulu i-250,000 zama-dollar kwiindawo ezithile ezizodwa. Xa iindleko zabasebenzi ziphantsi, zonke izinto zibiza kakhulu, ukusuka kwisakhiwo apho kunakekelwa khona indleko zokutya ezibonelelwe esibhedlele.
- Intshumo Yomshuwalense: Ezinye iinkampani ze-inshorensi ziye zaqalisa ukukhuthaza ukhenketho lwezokwelapha ngenxa yokulondoloza okukhulu. I-Blue Cross kunye neBlue Shield sele iqalile inkqubo apho isigulane sinomphathi wecala elinikezelweyo eya kulungiselela ukuhamba kunye nokuhlala kuzo zombini isigulane kunye nomhlobo wokukhetha kwabo. Umphathi wecala wenza amalungiselelo enonophelo lwonyango, kwaye uyacwangcisa nokunyamekela, emva kokuba kuyimfuneko, ekhaya. Ukulondolozwa kwe-insurer kubonisa ukugcina imali kwi-insured.
Ezinye iinkampani ze-inshorensi zinika inkxaso yokuxhasa utywala ngaphandle, ukuhlawula okanye ukuphelisa ipesenti zeendleko ezilindeleke ukuba zihlawule isiguli.
- I-Luxury and Private Nursing: Ezinye izigulane zithathwa kwi-spa-like luxury, eziza kubakho izibhedlele zangaphandle. Amanye amaziko anikezela ngamagumbi esibhedlele afana ne-hotel suite ngaphandle kwegumbi lesibhedlele. Ezinye izibhedlele zinikela omnye ngononophelo lwangasese oluzimeleyo, olukhulu kakhulu kwaye lunyame ngaphezu kwezilinganiso zabasebenzi ezivulekileyo ezininzi izibhedlele.
- Iholide kwilizwe elingaqhelekanga: livakala ngokumangalisayo, akunjalo? Inkampu yakho yomshuwalense ikubhukuda kwindawo engaphandle kwinqanaba lehlabathi? Kutheni ungahlali nekhefu kwelinye ilizwe kunye nokuhlinzwa?
Ikhefu lidla ngokucwangciswa ngokukhawuleza ngaphambi okanye emva kokuhlinzwa, ukusebenzisa ithuba lokuhlala kwelinye ilizwe ukuba uhambe ngokuzonwabisa. Le ndlela yindlela engabizi kakhulu yokuya kwelinye ilizwe ukuba inkampani yomshuwalense ihlawula i-flight kunye neendleko zokuhlala ziphantsi. Kubonakala kunengqiqo ukubuyisa elunxwemeni okanye endaweni enhle, ngakumbi xa iindleko zokuhlala zihlala zingabizi xa zifaniswa nokuhlala ekhaya. Khawukhumbule, ukubhukuda akukhuthazwa kude kube lula ukuvalwa kwakho, kwaye ungeke uvale ukwenza okungaphezulu kunokuba ulawule kwiintsuku ezilandelayo kwinkqubo yakho.
- Imithetho kunye nemigqaliselo yokudlulayo : Abanye abahambi bafuna ukuhlinzwa ngaphandle kwamanye amazwe ukuba baphumelele imithetho ebekwe nguRhulumente wabo, inkampani yomshuwalense okanye isibhedlele. Le mithetho ihlala kwindawo yokukhusela isigulane engozini, ngoko ukuhamba nabo akusoloko kuyona nto ingcono.
Ngokomzekelo, isigulane sinokuxelelwa ukuba ubunzima bayo buncinci (uphilile) ukuze ulungele utyando lokulahleka kwesisindo. Udokotela ogqirha kwilizwe langaphandle angaba nemilinganiselo eyahlukileyo yokuba ngubani ofanelekileyo ekusebenziseni ukunyuka kwesisindo, ngoko isigulane sinakho ukufaneleka kwamanye amazwe ngenkqubo abayifunayo. Oku kuyinyani ngokukhenketho lokukhenketho (ngaphezulu koko kwangoko).
- Abagqirha abanezakhono: Abagqirha kumazwe athile bavame ukubizwa ngokuba neetalente zabo kwindawo ethile yokuhlinzwa. Abagqirha baseBrazil bavame ukuxilongwa ngezakhono zabo zobugcisa zaseplastiki, kwaye banomsebenzi ogqithiseleyo, njengokuba baseBrazil bahlelwe ngenyameko ukuba babe nokuhlinzwa ngoplastiki kunabantu abavela phantse nawaphi na ilizwe. I-Thailand ibikwa ukuba iyona ndawo yokutyelela kwezokhenketho kubantu abafuna ukubuyiswa kwezesini. Ngokuqhelekileyo kulula ukufumana utyando kunye neendleko zinciphisa kakhulu, kwaye oogqirha benza iinkqubo rhoqo, ezinokukhokelela ekuphuculeni ikhono.
Ngokusoloko kunamangalisa abaninzi abavakhenkethi bezonyango ukuba ugqirha wabo waqeqeshwa eUnited States. Akunabo bonke oogqirha, kodwa ke, ipesenteji ephakamileyo ngokumangalisayo abasebenza kwiiyolotyana kwamanye amazwe baqeqeshwe kwizikolo zonyango ezithetha isiNgesi kunye neenkqubo zokuhlala baze babuyele kwilizwe labo. La mayeza athetha ezininzi iilwimi kwaye ingaba ibhodi eqinisekisiwe kwilizwe labo kunye nelizwe langaphandle, njenge-United States.
Khumbula, ukhenketho lwezokwelapha aluphelelanga kumazwe angaphandle kwe-United States. Abantu abaninzi bafuna ukunakekelwa kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yaseUnited States ngenxa yeteknoloji enqamlekileyo ekhoyo, kwakunye nokukhuselwa kwezempilo kunye nokunikezelwa kweyeza zonyango.
Iimpawu zoKhenketho lwezoNyango ziyamangalisa, ngoko ke uthini?
Ngokumangalisayo njengezokhenketho zonyango, kukho imicimbi enokuthi ithathelwe ingqalelo phambi kokuba ungene ngemvume ukuze unyango lwakho okanye unyango olwenziwa kwelinye ilizwe. Izinzuzo zezimali ziyaziwa kakuhle, kodwa i-downsides ingaba yinto ebalulekileyo, kwaze yafa nakwezinye iimeko.
- Ukugqithiswa koMgangatho ongeyingozi Kunokwenzeka: Njengokuba kukho oogqirha abaphesheya, kukho na oogqirha abanezakhono ezincinci. Ngokusoloko kunzima ukufumana ulwazi malunga noogqirha kunye nomgangatho womsebenzi wabo ukusuka kude. EUnited States, kubakho lula ukufumana ulwazi malunga nokugwetywa kwamacala, izigwebo ngamabhodi ezonyango, kunye nezinye izenzo zoluleko kumgqirha. Olu lwazi lungaze lufumaneke ngokulula nabanikezeli bangaphandle kwaye lunokwenza ukhetho olugqithisileyo lunzima kakhulu.
Ugqirha kufuneka uqeqeshe kwindawo ethile yonyango efanelekileyo kwiimfuno zakho zonyango kunye nokugqitywa. Akufanele ube nokuhlinzwa ngeplastiki evela kugqirha owaye waqeqeshwa ukuba abe ngugqirha weentliziyo, kwaye akufanele ube notyando olwenziwa ngumntu ongaqeqeshelwa njengogqirha. Akulungele ukuba ngugqirha, ugqirha kufuneka aqeqesheke kwi-specialty.
Ngaphambi kokuvuma ukuhlinzwa, kufuneka ukwazi izigulane zakho zoogqirha: apho bafunde khona, apho baqeqeshe khona, kwaye bakuphi na okhethekileyo ukuba baqinisekisile ibhodi. Musa ukuxhomekeka kubungqina obuvela kwizigulana zangaphambilini, ezi zenziwe lula kwiwebhusayithi kwaye nangona zichanekile, ukuhlinzwa okulungileyo akuthethi ukuba bonke baya kulungile.
Amathambo amaninzi aseMerika aseburhulumenteni asebenzise amaxesha amaninzi ekulungisa izikrakra kwaye ephazamise umonakalo owenziwe ngugqirha kwelinye ilizwe. Uphando olukhawulezayo kwi-intanethi luza kunika ngokukhawuleza ikhulu lezithombe kunye namabali abantu ngabanye abaxhatshazwe ngokugqithiseleyo ngunyango ongaphandle. Abagqirha abaqeqeshwe kakubi, okanye nabagqirha abaqeqeshelwe kakuhle abasebenzisa izinto eziphathekayo, bangakhokelela kwisiphumo sokugqibela esibi. Umgangatho wabasebenzi: Abahlengikazi yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yononophelo lwempilo, kwaye unonophelo olunikezelayo lithetha ukuba umehluko phakathi kwesiphumo esihle nesoyikekayo. Umongikazi oqeqeshwe kakuhle unokufumanisa ingxaki enokuyenza kwaye uyilungise ngaphambi kokuba ibe ngumcimbi. Umongikazi oqeqeshelwe kakubi akanako ukuchonga ingxaki ade ifike kakhulu. Umgangatho wabasebenzi babongikazi uya kuba nefuthe ngqo kwiinkathalo zakho.
Umgangatho weziko : Ngaba isibonelelo apho utyando lwakho luya kwenziwa khona ubugcisa, okanye ingcolile, kunye nezixhobo ezindala, ubugcisa bexesha elidlulileyo kunye nezinto ezincinci? Ngaba isibhedlele sikulungele ukukunceda ukuba ugula kakhulu emva kokuhlinzwa okanye ngaba uya kuthunyelwa kwisibonelelo esahlukileyo kwizinga eliphezulu lokunyamekela? Ingaba utyando luya kwenziwa esibhedlele okanye kwindawo yokugada ekhulile kwaye ikude nesibhedlele esikhulu?
Le mibuzo ibalulekile kwaye kufuneka iphendulwe ngaphambi kokukhetha indawo yokuhlinzwa. Isibonelelo osisebenzisayo kufuneka sibe sisibhedlele kunye nokunakekelwa kwezinga le-ICU (xa kukho ingxaki ngexesha lokuhlinzwa okanye ukubuyisela) okanye kufuneka kube kufuphi nesibhedlele esikhulu esinokukwazi ukuhambisa ngokukhawuleza.
Khangela isiko esinokuqinisekiswa ngamazwe ngamazwe, afana ne-Joint Commission International. Ikhomishini edibeneyo yimbutho eqinisekisiweyo yezibhedlele eUnited States, ukugqiba ukuba izibhedlele zinika unonophelo olwaneleyo okanye ukuba kukho ukungaphumeleli. Ulwahlulo lwamazwe ngamazwe lufana nezibhedlele ngaphandle kweUnited States, kwaye ukuqinisekiswa ngumqondiso wemgangatho.Ikhaya elikhuphayo emva kokuPiliswa: Kukho umngcipheko weengcambu zegazi emva kokuhlinzwa , kwaye ukuhamba ekhaya, ngokukodwa kwindwendwe ende yokukhawuleza, kwandisa umngcipheko wecala. Ukuba ikhaya le-flight lide lide, cwangcisa ukuvuka nokuhamba phezulu kunye nokuhla kweedishi nganye ngeyure. Zama ukuphepha ikhaya elihambahambayo emva kweentsuku emva kokuhlinzwa; kulinda iveki kuya kunciphisa amathuba okuphuhlisa i-blood clot okanye enye inkathazo enzulu ngexesha lokuhamba.
Ukutya okuhlukileyo: Ukuba unesifo esiswini, unokufuna ukucinga ixesha elide nokuba nzima ukuhlinzwa ngaphandle. Ukutya kudla ngokugqithisileyo kwizibhedlele zangaphandle, kwaye kwezinye iindawo, kukho umngcipheko wokuba amanzi aya kuphazamisa umzimba wakho. Ukuba nesifo sohudo okanye i- postusative nausea kunye nokuhlanza kungasabeka emva kokuhlinzwa, ingakumbi xa kuqhutyiswa kakubi ngokutya oya kukutya imihla ngemihla.
Uluhlu lweelwimi: Ukuba utyunjwa kwilizwe apho isiNgesi asilo ulwimi oluphambili, kuya kufuneka ulungise amalungiselelo ukuze ukwazi ukunxibelelana nabasebenzi. Unokumangaliswa xa ufumanisa ukuba abasebenzi bathetha ulwimi lwenu lokuqala. Ukuba akunjalo, kuya kufuneka ukuba uqwalasele indlela oza kwenza ngayo izifiso zakho neemfuno zakho kwi-ogogirha, abasebenzi kunye nabanye oya kudibana nabo.
Ithemba Kulo Eligqibeleleyo, Lungiselela Okubi
Khawucinge ukuba uhamba ngaphandle ukuze unyango kwaye ngexesha lotyando kukho impazamo. Ngokomzekelo, ugqirha ugqirha ngokukhawuleza indawo encinci yesibilini sakho ngexesha lwenkqubo yakho. Oku kungabonakali njengento enkulu, kodwa iintsuku ezimbini kamva uye wagula kakhulu ngosulelo olungalawulwa yi-IV antibiotics . Kufuneka ubuyele ekuhlinzekeni ukulungisa iphutha. Ukuba awuphuculanga, kuya kufuneka uhanjiswe kwi- ICU , kwaye unokufuna ukuba ube kwindawo yokuqhubela umoya uze ulunge imeko yakho.
Esibhedlele eUnited States, eli nqanaba lonyango lifumaneka ngokubanzi. Uninzi lwezibhedlele zineziko elinonyango lokunyamekela, kwaye izigulana ezifuna ukutshintshwa kwisibhedlele esikhulu zingabakho. Khawucinge ngoku kwenzeka xa unyango lwangaphandle. Ingaba isixhobo sine-ICU? Ingaba umrhumo ohlawula iindwendwe ezingalindelekanga njengale okanye ngaba kuya kuba neendleko ezongeziweyo? Ngaba unokukwazi ukufika ekhaya ukuba ubomi bakho buxhomekeke kuyo? Ingaba uhambo lwakho lubandakanya i-inshurensi yohambo lwezokwelapha, luhlobo luni lokukhwabanisa olukhuselekileyo olunceda ngeendleko ezihambelana neempazamo zonyango? Ngaba uhambo lwakho luquka i-inshurensi yokubuyela ekhaya, uhlobo lwe-inshurensi ehlawulela abasebenzi bezonyango ukuba bakhuphe kwelinye ilizwe baze babuyele ezweni lakho lekhaya ngokunyamekelwa ngonyango xa usendleleni?
Ukufumana iimpendulo kule mibuzo, kwaye uqinisekise ukuba izinga eliphezulu lokunyamekela lifumaneka ngokukhawuleza, liya kubakho kwiimeko ezikhuselekileyo zokukhenketha, ukwazi ukuba uya kunyamekela xa kwenzeka imeko engxamisekileyo.
Inkathalo yokuLandela
Kubalulekile ukulungiselela ukunyamekela kwakho emva kokushiya ilizwe lakho. Amagqirha amaninzi kunye nabagqirha banqikaza ukunyamekela isigulane esayinakekelwa ngaphandle kwelizwe, njengoko bahlala bengakwazi ukuvakasha kwezokwelapha kwaye banenkxalabo malunga nomgangatho wokunyamekela kwelinye ilizwe. Ukulungelelaniswa kwenkathalo yokulandelelana ngaphambi kokuhamba kuya kwenza kube lula utshintsho ekunakekeleni ekhaya kunye noxinzelelo lokuzama ukufumana ugqirha emva kokuhlinzwa .
Amagama ambalwa malunga nokuThuthukiswa koTshintsho lwe-Organic
Ukutyelela ukutyelela ngenye indawo yezokhenketho lwezokwelapha ezixhalabisa kakhulu ngabaqeqeshi bokufakelwa kwiindawo ezininzi. Uninzi lwamazwe ngamazwe luye lwaqwalaselwa "ukuthengwa kwamnyama" ukuhlinzwa okungagcini nje kumgangatho ophezulu, kodwa ukuziphatha kakubi. Kukho imiba enxulumene nempilo enxulumene nemibandela yefilosofi kunye nokuguquka kwamazwe ngamazwe.
I-China, ilizwe elikholelwa ukuba lenze ezinye iintlobo zamazwe ngamazwe angaphaya kwamanye amazwe, zikholelwa ngokubanzi ukuba zithathe iimbumba ezivela kumabanjwa ezopolitiko emva kokubulawa kwazo. E-Indiya, abaxhamli abahlala behlala bathembisa imali eninzi yeminikelo yabo yeengtso, kuphela ukufumanisa ukuba baye bachithwa kwaye abazange bafumane inkokhelo. Ukuthengisa ilungu eNdiya akukho mthethweni, njengokuba kunjalo kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi, ngoko ke kuncinci ukufumana umniki-mali.
Emva koko kukho isigqibo sokugqibela, ukuba ilungu lisebenza njani emva kokuba utyando lugqibe. Ngokunyuka kweemarike ezimnyama, ukunakekelwa okungaphantsi kuninzi kuthathwa ngokuhambelana nomnikeli kunye nommkeli, okhokelela kumanqanaba aphezulu okulahlwa. Abaphandi baseCanada bafumanise ukuba ukutyelela abatyeleli babenokuba ngamathathu amaxesha amane ukufa okanye ukugatya ilungu elifakwe ngaphaya kwalabo bafumana ilungu emva kokuluhlu lokulinda.
Abantu abaninzi banomuvo wokuba benza into efunekayo kwaye abayi kuphila xa baphoqeleka ukuba bahlale kuloluhlu lokulinda. Ulwahlukileyo lunokuba luyinyani, njengoko abanye abafumanayo beza ekhaya kunye nesigqeba esitsha nesifo esitsha. I-Cytomegalovirus, isifo sofuba, i-hepatitis B kunye ne-hepatitis C ziqhelekile. Ngokuqhelekileyo isifo esitsha esikhokelela ekufeni, kunokulahlekelwa lilungu ukuba lithathwe.
Abagqirha abagqithisileyo badla ngokunyamekela ukunyamekela isigulane emva kokuhlinzwa okwenziwe ngogqirha ongaziwayo, isigulane esenza ngenjongo yokukhupha inkqubo yabaxhasi eMelika. Iimpawu zecala ngaphandle, ubugcisa obuphantsi obunokufunyanwa kwizonyango ezidityanisiweyo zokuthengisa izityalo ezimnyama, ezihlanganiswe ngumngcipheko ophezulu wokusuleleka, ukuxilongwa, kunye nokwenyulwa kwenza ukuba ugqirha wokutyala ube ngumguli onzima ukunyanga. Ukwazi ukuba umntu obulawe ukufumana ilungu yinto enzima ukuba abaninzi abagqirha banqabile ukubheka phambili.
Ngaphambi kokugqiba isigqibo sakho, qiniseka ukuqwalasela zonke ezi zinto kwaye ubuze imibuzo efanelekileyo ukuze ukwazi ukufumana uncedo olufanelekileyo.
> Imithombo:
> Uhambo lwezoNyango. Amaziko Okulawulwa Kwezifo. http://www.cdc.gov/features/medicaltourism/
> Ukutshintshwa kweThutho: Ukuyingozi Kangakanani? Umbutho waseMelika weeNtsholongwane zeeNtliziyo. https://www.aakp.org/education/resourcelibrary/transplantation-resources/item/transplant-tourism-how-danger-it-it.html
> Ukutshintshwa kwezothutho: Ukunyanga iziguli xa zibuyela e-US. AMA Journal of Ethics. http://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/2008/05/ccas2-0805.html