I-membrane ye-Epiretinal imeko ihlala ididekile kunye ne- macular degeneration . Ezi zombini iimeko zichaphazela i-macula, inxalenye ekhethekileyo ye-retina esinika umbono obukhali, ophakathi, 20/20 . Nangona kunjalo, iimeko zihluke ngokupheleleyo kwaye zingabangela iimpawu ezahlukileyo. Kukho amagama amaninzi ahlukeneyo kumlenze wesibindi. Amagama ahlukeneyo anceda ukuchaza izigaba okanye iingxaki zalo mqathango.
Amanye amagama angaphezulu asetyenziselwa ukuchaza umlenze wesibhakabhaka afaka oku okulandelayo:
- Cellophane maculopathy
- I-pre-retinal macular fibrosis
- I-pre-retinal macular gliosis
- Macuc pucker
- I-Vitreal-macular traction syndrome
Yintoni i-Membrane ye-Epiretinal?
I-membrane yesibhakabhaka isumlenze omncinci, ongasese-obala ongasenza emva kwe- retina , ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphakathi kwe-macula. Le membrane ingaba yinto ecacileyo kwaye inzima ukuyibona.
Kwiminyaka emininzi, ezi zikhunjulwa zibizwa ngokuba yi-cellophane maculopathy kuba zifana ne-plastic cellophane ecacileyo. I-membrane ibonakala ngokucacileyo, kodwa xa uyisithabatha, iya kuba yinkimbinkimbi kwaye ilula.
Abanye oogqirha bamajoni babhekisela kumlenze wesibhakabhaka njenge-pre-retinal macular fibrosis, ebonisa ukuba yintoni na into eyenziwe ngayo. Xa i-membrane idibanisa, inokubangela ukuba i-macula ipakker ibe yinto ephosakeleyo okanye ephakanyisiwe, ngoko igama elithi "macuc pucker." Xa i-vitreous ihluleka ukususa kwi-macula, kodwa isenkontileka, i-macula ingaphakanyiswa okanye iphakanyiswe.
Oku kubizwa ngokuthi "i-vitreal-macular traction syndrome."
Izizathu
Okuthakazelisayo kukuba abantu abaninzi abahlakulela umlenze wesibhakabhaka abanalo naziphi izifo zeso. Ngokuqhelekileyo kubangelwe ukutshintsha kwezinto ezigugu ezenzekayo kwi-vitreous humor, i-gel egcwalisa inxalenye yeso leso.
I-vitreous izalise iipesenti ezingama-80 zeso.
Iqukethe izigidi zeefayili ezifakwe kwi-retina. Njengoko sikhula, i-vitreous iyancipha kwaye ikhupha kude nomphezulu we-retina. Xa isuka, ibizwa ngokuba yi-vitreous detachment kwaye yinto eqhelekileyo yenkqubo yokuguga. Xa umntu ene-vitreous detachment, ngokuqhelekileyo babona amabala amnyama amnyama kwimibono yabo okanye kwiindawo zokuhamba. Ngezinye izikhathi ezi ntlupheko zibonakala njengeebhodi zokubhukuda ezinokuthi zijikeleze kwintsimi yazo.
Ngamanye amaxesha, njengoko i-greite ye-vitreous ikhupha kude nomphezulu we-retina, umonakalo omncinci wonakaliso livela kwi-retina. Emva kokuba umonakalo uvele, umzimba uyazama ukuphilisa umhlaba owonakele kwaye uvelise inani elincinci lamathambo okanye iishubhu ezinqabileyo. Le tissue ebomvu ibhekiswa njengelungu leperetinal. Njengakwezinye iindawo emzimbeni wethu, ngamanye amaxesha ezi zicubu ezinqabileyo ziyakwenza isivumelwano. Ngenxa yokuba le membrane iqhotyoshelwe ngokusisigxina kwi-retina, njengoko i-membrane idibanisa isivumelwano, ingabangela ukuba i-retina ingenele okanye ibonwe.
Ukuba le tissue ebomvu yayiza kubumba kwinqanaba le-retina yakho, mhlawumbi ungaze uyakwazi. Nangona kunjalo, le membrane idla ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwi-macula, inxalenye ekhethekileyo ye-retina ejongene nombono obukhali, ocacileyo, ophakathi.
Xa i-membrane idibanisa ngaphezulu kwe-macula, sibona umbono ophazamisayo kunye nokuphosakeka.
Izinto zobungozi
Kubalulekile ukubonisa ukuba uninzi lwethu ofumana i-post encretinal detachment ayiqhubeki ukuphuhlisa i-membrane. Ubuninzi beembombo ze-epiretinal eUnited States liphakathi kwama-4 eepesenti yabantu abangaphantsi kwe-60 ne-14 ekhulwini kubantu abangaphezu kwama-60. Ubudala bubonakala bunobungozi obukhulu bokuphuhlisa i-membrane ye-epiretinal.
Ezinye izinto ezibeka ingozi zibandakanya oku kulandelayo:
- I-posterior verreous detachment kwi-trauma
- Ukulila
- Ukuhlinzwa kwamehlo
- Sikashukela
- Isiphephelo somkhumbi esweni
- Ukuvutha kwangaphakathi
Iimpawu
I-membrane ye-epiretinal inokubangela iimpawu ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa oku kulandelayo:
- Umbono ogqabileyo
- Umbono ophosakeleyo
- Amancinci, ukuhlutha okanye ukukhanya kokukhanya
- Umbono ovela kabini
- Izinto zingabonakala zibukhulu obuhlukeneyo
Iziphumo
Uninzi lwabantu abaphethwe yimbumba ye-epiretinal ngokuqhelekileyo luya kuba nombono ongenangqondo. Njengoko imeko iyaqhubeka, i-metamorphopsia ingahlakulela. I-Metamorphopsia yigama elichazayo elisetyenziselwa ukuchaza ukuphazamiseka kombono. Umzekelo, into enokubonakala ibhulu okanye incinci kunokuba iyona nto. Ukongezelela, umgca ochanekileyo unokubonakala ugobile okanye ingcezu yayo ingase ilahleke.
Abantu abahlakulela umlenze wesibhakabhaka abanakuchukumisa nje umboniso kodwa lo mboniso ophazamisayo ungabonakalisa ukuphazamiseka. Njengoko i-metamorphosis ibuhlungu, umbono ungase ufike kwi-20/50 okanye ngaphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu bahlakulela iimbumba ze-epiretinal ezingenakuze bazi ukuba banalo. Kule meko, i-membrane ikhona, kodwa ayivumelanisi ukuba ubunzima be-retina abuze kwenzeka.
Okunqabile kakhulu, abanye abantu baya kuhlakulela i-pulaering ye-macula kunye nemibono ephosakeleyo. Umbono ophosakeleyo uya kuphuhliswa ukuba i-vitreous ayifuni kwaye iqala ukudonsa kwi-macula. Xa oku kwenzeka, i-macular hole ingayenza. Ngokuxhomekeke kubukhulu kunye nobukhulu be- macular hole , ukulahleka kombono ongundoqo kumandla.
Ukuxilongwa
Isinyathelo sokuqala ekufumaneni i-membrane yesibhakabhaka kukufumana ukuhlolwa kwelanga . Umbono wakho uya kuvavanywa ukulinganisa umgangatho wombono wakho. Amehlo akho aya kuhlanjululwa kunye neentlobo ezikhethiweyo zamehlo. I-retinal yakho ingabonwa yi-bio-microscope ekhethekileyo ebizwa ngokuba sisibane lesibane. Iimbumba ze-epiretinal ziyabonwa nale sixhobo.
Ukuvavanya ubunzima bebhanki le-epiretinal, uvavanyo olubizwa ngokuba ngu-OCT (optical coherence tomography) luya kwenziwa. I-OCT isebenzisa ukukhanya ukujonga ngetekisi ezahlukeneyo ze-retina. Kwimaminithi, ugqirha wakho unokubona indlela umlenze ochaphazela ngayo i-macula. Ngale ndlela, inkqubela ingaqwalaselwa ngokuphindaphinda izicatshulwa uze uziqhathanise nemilinganiselo esezantsi ukuze ubone ukuba izinto ziya kuphucula okanye ziba nzima.
Oko Okufanele Uyazi
Uninzi lweembrane ze-epiretinal lifuna ukuqapha okufutshane. Ukuba i-membrane ye-epiretinal iqala ukubangela ukulahleka kombono ogqithiseleyo, ugqirha wakho wezilanga unokukuthumela kwi-specialist ye-retinal. Ingcali ye-retinal ingenza inkqubo apho i-membrane idonsa ngokukhawuleza i-retina yokubuyisela umbono. Ukuba umgodi ukhula kwi-macula, ingcali ye-retinal izakuzama ukulungisa umgodi. Ukulungiswa komsebenzi wokucoca ngokucoca ngokuqhelekileyo kunceda ukubuyisela umbono othile. Impumelelo ye-macular yokulungisa imbobo ixhomekeka kwixesha elide liye lalapho.
> Umthombo:
> Wong, JG, Sachdev, N., Beaumont, PE, Chang, AA "Iziphumo ezibonakalayo zilandelayo emva kwe-vitrectomy kunye ne-peeling of membrane membrane." Uvavanyo lweKlinikhi ye-Ophthalmol . 2005: 33: 373-378.