Ingqungquthela iyinto eqhelekileyo, kodwa kaninzi isifo sokuxilongwa. Ngaba wayesazi ukuba ingxubusho ebizwa ngokuba yingozi yokonakala kwengqondo ? Ingqungquthela yimeko ebalulekileyo yonyango kwaye kufuneka ithathwe ngokungathí sina. Iingqungquthela zenzeka ngokuphindaphindiweyo kubantwana ngenxa yezemidlalo abazibandakanyekayo. Impikiswano phakathi kwabantwana kunye nentsha iqala ukuthathwa ngokungakumbi ngokubaluleka ngabaqeqeshi besikolo kunye nabasebenzi bezonyango ngenxa yeengcamango zesikhathi eside ezenzekayo.
Iziphumo ezimalunga nezigidi ezintlanu zenzeka minyaka yonke, okwenza imeko yolu hlobo luxhaphake kakhulu. Iingqungquthela nje zengozi zentloko ezibangelwa ukuvuthela entloko. Ukuvuthela entloko kubangela intloko nengqondo ukuba zihambe ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngezinye izikhathi zitshutshise. Olu ntshukumo lubuhlungu kumathambo obuchopho kwaye lunokubangela ukuba ingqondo iqhubise okanye ijikeleze kwikhona. Le ntshukumo ingonakalisa iiseli zobuchopho kwaye idale utshintsho lweekhemikhali ngaphakathi kwengqondo. Ingabangela ukuba zonke iiseli zengqondo zitshise ngokukhawuleza, kufana nokutshatyalaliswa .
Enye indlela yokuchaza ingqungquthela kukuba "ukutyumla kwengqondo" apho umsebenzi ungathinteka khona kungekho monakalo okwakhiwe kuwo. Nangomngcipheko obumnene ungabangela ukudideka, ukuphazamiseka, kunye nokulahlekelwa kwememori. Ukubethelwa entloko akufuneki kube nzima ukudala ingxubusho. Nangona kutyhutyana kungabangela ingqungquthela enokudala imiphumo emide.
Uphononongo lweengqungquthela kwiimbaleki zezikolo eziphakamileyo zibonise ukuba iingcamango ezintle zingabangela iingxaki ezinzima zexesha elide, ingakumbi xa umdlali evumelekile ukuba abuyele kwimidlalo yawo kusasa okanye enembali yengqungquthela eyodwa.
Iingcamango zeNgqungquthela
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela iimpawu kunye neempawu zesigxina.
Ezi zimpawu zilandelayo zingabonisa ukuncincika kancinci:
- Intloko
- Ukunyuka
- Ukukhathala
- Iingxaki zokulinganisela
- Ukuphazamiseka
- Amnesia
- Ukudideka
- I sizathu
- Ukuvutha
- Ukutshatyalaliswa
Abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ngokugqithiseleyo ukuba "ukukhanda" kufuneka kwenzeke ukuze kuphuculwe ingxube. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphantsi kweepesenti ezili-10 zeengxoxo ezinxulumene nezemidlalo zenzeka ngokulahlekelwa kwengqondo. Iimpawu zengqungquthela zinokuthi zibe zimnene okanye zinzima kwaye zingaphelela iiyure, iintsuku, iiveki, okanye iinyanga. Emva kwengqungquthela, ingqondo ingabangela umonakalo omkhulu xa ingavunyelwe ukuphumla.
Kwiindawo zonyango kunye nezikolo, iiprotokholi ziphuhliswa ukuze zihlolisise ngakumbi abantwana abachaphazelekayo. Ezi protocol zibizwa ngokuba yi "ukubuya-ukufunda" okanye "imbuyekezo yokubuyela". Nangona kunjalo, ngezinye ixesha, ingqalelo ngakumbi ibeka kwi "ukubuya-kudlala" kwaye ngaphantsi "ukubuyela-ku-fundi." Ngenxa yoko, abantwana abaneempawu zokuxhalabisa ixesha elide babika ubunzima obuninzi bezemfundo.
Abantwana bavame ukuhlakulela imbono okanye iimpawu ezinxulumene neliso kunye neengxoxo. Amanqaku amaninzi "abuyele ekufundeni" awabandakanyi uvavanyo olubonakalayo kwindlela yokuvavanya nangona uphando lubonisa imisebenzi ye-muscle kunye ne-convergence (ukuguquka kwangaphakathi kwamehlo) kuthinteka kubantwana abaninzi abaneenkomfa.
Le micimbi ayinakufunyanwa yi-MRI okanye nayiphina imvavanyo, kodwa xa umntu ebuyela esikolweni okanye emsebenzini, bayaqonda into ethile. Ubunzima beengqungquthela okanye iingqungquthela ezininzi zingenza iimpawu ezibonakalayo zibe zibi nakakhulu okanye zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihleli.
Ingqungquthela kunye nombono wakho
Intlungu yesifo kunye neengxubusho zinokuba nemiphumo emibi kwindlela yokubukeka nangona ukucinga ngonyango kubonisa iziphumo eziqhelekileyo. Iqela leempawu ezibangelwa imbono ephazamisayo, imiba yokubambisana kwamehlo kunye nesisu sokuxhamla emva kokuxubusha ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-"post-trauma vision syndrome". Izimpawu eziphambili ezenzeka kwi-post-trauma syndrome zizinto ezixakekileyo, ukuhamba okanye ukuhamba, kugxininisa iingxaki, iintloko, kunye nemibono emibini.
Kubonakala ngathi abantu abaneempawu ezinzulu zesifo se-post-trauma zivame ukuba ngabantu abanomnye uhlobo lwemiba ebambisene neyesibini. Aba bantu bathambekele ekubeni nobunzima obuninzi ngemibandela yokufunda kunye neengxaki zokulandelela iso emva komxube. Nengqungquthela engathandekiyo inokuphazamisa umbono kwaye ibangele ukungasebenzi. Iingcamango ezinzima zingabangela ubumfama kunye nemibono emibini. Imiphumo engabonakaliyo kumbono kunzima ukugxila kwizinto ezikufuphi okanye kwiidivaysi zedijithali (iikhomputha, iipilisi, kunye neefowuni ze-smart) emva komxube.
Iimpawu zamehlo okanye imbono ezilandelayo zingenzeka emva kwengqungquthela:
- Umbono ombini : Iingqungquthela ezinkulu zingenza umbono ombini . Umbono ombini oza kuqala emva kwengqungquthela kwaye uqhubeka uyimpawu yokuba umonakalo omkhulu unokuba khona kunokuba ukholelwa ekuqaleni. Oku kufuneka kuhlolwe ngokukhawuleza ukulawula ukulimala okukhulu. Emva kokulimala kakhudlwana kukhankanywe ngaphandle, imboniselo emibini kufuneka iphathwe okanye ilawulwe. Umbono ombini uphazamisa kakhulu kwaye unokubangela ukuzondla, ubunzima bokulinganisa, ukuhamba nokufunda. Ukunxibelelana kweso kweso sinokungaphumeleli.
- Ukungasebenzi komsebenzi: Abantu bahlala bekulwela ukuguqula ukugxila kwabo ukusondela kude nakwezinye. Inkqubo yokugxila kwizinto ezikufutshane kuthiwa indawo yokuhlala. Ukungasebenzi kakubi kufana ne-presbyopia. I-Presbyopia yenzeka malunga no-40 ubudala ubudala kunye nobunzima ukugxila kwizinto ezikufuphi. Ngokuqhelekileyo ukufunda iiglasi, i-bifocals okanye i- lenses zokuqhubekayo eziqhubekayo zimiselwe ukulungisa ingxaki. Abaselula abaneempembelelo banamathuba afanayo okulahlekelwa kwimbono esondeleyo. Amehlo abo angabonakala enempilo, kodwa ukungabikho komsebenzi kudla ngokubonakalayo, ukulinganisa i-presbyopia. Njengoko sikhula, abantu bayakulahlekelwa ukukwazi ukugxila ekufuphi ngenxa yokutshintsha kwimilo yamehlo. Emva kwengqungquthela, umntu unokulahlekelwa lo mkhono ngenxa yokuba isahlulo sobuchopho sitsho ukuba ukulawulwa kwelo lensi kunokulimala ngengozi. Ngelishwa, le nyikima yendawo ayinakuze ibonakale kwi-MRI.
- Ukungakwazi ukuguquguquka: Enye ingxaki eqhelekileyo ibonakala ngokugqithisileyo emva kokuba ingqungquthela iguqulwa . Ukungakwazi ukuguquguquka kukunciphisa ukuguqula amehlo kwaye kugcinwe umbono we-binocular ngenkathi ugxininise ekujoliswe kuzo njengokuba ufunda okanye usebenza kwikhompyutha. Convergence ukujika kwangaphakathi kwamehlo ekubhekeni kwempumlo ukugxila kwinto esondeleyo. Abantu abahluphekayo ukungakwazi ukuguqulwa kunobunzima ukusebenzisa amehlo kunye kunye kwaye banokukhalaza ngenxa yokukhathala, ukunyameka xa befunda.
- Ukuzwela ekukhanyeni: Abantu bahlala bekhalaza ngobuzwe bokukhanya nokukhanya. Enyanisweni, emva kwentloko, ukuvalelwa kwintsholongwane yimbonakalo yesibini eqhelekileyo ibonwe emva kwengqungquthela. Kucatshangelwa ukuba yiphumo lokukhubazeka kwengqondo ukulungelelanisa kumanqanaba athile okukhanya emva kokulimala. Ukuba nobubele bokukhanya kunokudala ubunzima obambe ingqalelo kuyo nayiphi na ubude bexesha.
- Ukulandelwa kwamehlo: Okuncinci, ukunyuka kwamehlo okukhawuleza kwenzeka ngexesha emva kwengxubusho engabangela iingxaki zokulandelela iso. Ezi ntshukumo zamehlo zinokubangela iingxaki ngokulungelelanisa izandla, ngamanye amaxesha kubangela iingxaki ngexesha lemidlalo nakwiklasi. Oku kudla ngokubhekiselwe kwi-ocular-motor ukungasebenzi.
- Ukucinywa kokubambisa: Abanye abantu abaneenkcenkceshe bafumana ixesha elide lokujonga isivinini. Ngokuqhelekileyo kunzima kumdlali, ukulibaziseka ekusebenziseni imifanekiso kubangela ubunzima bokufunda intsimi, ukugweba ukuhamba, ukugweba ijubane labanye abadlali, kunye nejubane lebhola.
ILizwi
Ngenhlanhla, uninzi lwemiba edla ngokubonakalayo ngenxa yesigxina iya kulungisa, kodwa kuphela ngokuphumla. Oogqirha bahlala becetyisa ukuphumla ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle kokuvuselela ubuchopho, kubandakanya imidlalo yevidiyo, iTV, okanye ukudibanisa nabahlobo. I-stimuli engaphantsi ilungile. Oku kunika ingqondo ithuba lokuba abuyele. Ukuba le miqathango iyaqhubeka, ukuphononongwa kwakhona nge-neurologist kuya kunconywa ukuba kulawulo olubi kwaye ngezinye iixesha iingxaki zezokwelapha ezisongelayo. Uninzi lwale ngxaki luya kunyangwa ukuba alukwazi ukuzilungisa. Imiba emininzi yemibono isabela kakuhle kumbono wonyango. Umbono wonyango, oqhelekileyo owenziwa ngama-optometrists oziphatha, luqukethe ukuhlolwa kwamehlo nokuqeqeshwa okukunceda ukubuyisela isisu kunye nexesha lokuphendula.
> Umthombo:
> Wolter, M, Pelino, C, Pizzimenti, J, Ingqungquthela kunye nokukhathazeka okungapheliyo, Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Optometry, ngoMatshi 15, 2017.