IGeorge Washington ikhusela amaqhawe akhe kwiNqununu
Ukugonywa kungabangela ingxabano, kodwa iMelika ayinakuze iphumelele ngokuzimela ngaphandle kwayo. Ibali likaGeorge Washington lugxotha imikhosi yakhe malunga nesibhokotshi ibonisa isifundo sokuba kutheni namhlanje ukuba abantu abaneleyo banokugonywa ukugcina izifo zisasazeka.
IGeorge Washington kunye neNcothox yokugonywa kwi-Valley Forge
I-Channel Channel "I-America-Indaba Yethu" isiqendu esithi "Revolution" sichazela indlela inqununu eyayitshintshe ngayo iziphumo ze-Revolution yaseMerika.
Ebudeni busika e-Valley Forge, uGeorge Washington wanyanzela ukuqala amasosha angena kwi-inoculating. Oku kusenokwenzeka ukuba yayilondoloze impi eyaneleyo yokuba yayisigqibo ekuqhubeni ukuphumelela imfazwe.
Enye into emangalisayo yimbono ye-inoculation okanye yokugonya ekuqaleni kwimbali. Njengoko kuvela, izitofu zokuqala zenzeke eMelika ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-50 ngaphambi kokuba eBoston. Ziye zacwangciswa nguCotton Mather, othe wagonywa ngamakhoboka amabini kunye nomntwana wakhe oneminyaka engama-6 ubudala ngokuchasene nesibhokhwe. Ngamnye wabo wayegula ngokugula, kodwa akukho namnye owafa, kwaye akukho namnye waba bathathu abaye behla nge-smallpox kwakhona.
Ngo-1776, isiqingatha samajoni ase-Continental esasijikeleze iQuebec sathengisa i-smallpox. I-retreat yayaliswa, kwaye uJohn Adams wayethembela i-smallpox njengesizathu Ngonyaka olandelayo, uGeorge Washington wayebukele amajoni akhe amaninzi efa ebusika kwi-Valley Forge. Wayekhumbula umfazi wakhe echaza into awayeyifunayo nge-inoculation.
Walaya amayeza akhe ukuba enze amanxeba amancinci kwiingalo zejoni eziphilileyo, uze uhlabe i-pus kwi-pox eyenziwa ngamajoni anentsholongwane.
Le nkqubo yaziwa ngokuba yi-variolation, enika umntu uhlobo olunzima lwe-smallpox. Ekugqibeleni, oku kugcinwa konke kodwa kumashumi ama-50 kumkhosi kunye nomkhosi onokuqhubeka nokulwa.
Ukuba bekuyenziwe ngonyaka ngaphambili, iinxalenye zeChanada ziye zafakwa kwi-US kwaye imfazwe inokuthi izuzwe kungekudala.
Umngcipheko weNgqungquthela ukhusela amaqhawe
Lo ngumzekelo we- immune immunity . Ukuphila okunempilo kubalindi ngokubanzi, ithuba elingaphantsi kwamanye amasosha aya kugula. Ngokukhusela lonke iqela, abaguqukeli baseMelika bawunqabisa inkululeko yabo. Unokucinga nje ukuba umhlaba wawuya kutshintshwa njani ukuba uGeorge Washington akazange agxininise ukuba amasosha akhe agonywe.
Inyolo ikhusela wonke umntu
Ngasekupheleni kwe-1700s, imbono ye-inoculation okanye yokugonya yayisitsha kwaye ingafunyanwa. Abantu babesenokuba besaba isitofu sokugonya njengoko besesifo.
Ngoku ngokukhawuleza ukuya phambili namhlanje. Xa kuziwa ezinsongweni zentsholongwane, kubonakala ngathi akuninzi utshintshile. Ukukhuselwa komntu wonke (umhlambi) kuxhomekeke kubantu abaneleyo ukuba banokugonywa kwaye banokugonywa ngabantwana babo. Oko kuthintela eso sifo ukuba singakwazi ukusasazeka ngokukhawuleza ukusuka kumntu kumntu, njengoko siphula i-chain of infections. Ngale ndlela, umkhuhlane we-immune ukhusela nabanqwenela ukugonywa, kodwa kuxhomekeke ekubeni bancinane. Xa abantu abaninzi banqabe, ukukhusela i-immune protection is lost.
Ukuba uzalwe ngaphambi kowe-1972, amathuba okugqwesileyo uye wangena kwi-smallpox. Khangela inqamlezo ejikelezayo kwisalathisi sakho esasentla, kufuphi nephepha lakho. I-World Health Organisation yathi i-smallpox iya kupheliswa ngo-1980 .
Namhlanje, inkxalabo ebalulekileyo malunga ne-smallpox yindlela yokusetyenziswa njengesikhali se-bioterrorism. Kwimeko yesongelo, izikhululo zempilo karhulumente ziyakudinga ukugonya abo basengozini. Amasheya ase-US anele isitofu sokugonywa kwe-smallpox ukugonya wonke umntu kweli lizwe ngxakeko.
> Imithombo:
> Ibhokhwe. CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/smallpox/
> Imbali yaseMelika kunye neNtsholongwane. Ikholeji yamaGqirha ePhiladelphia. https://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/articles/us-military-and-vaccine-history.