Ukujonga kwiiklasi ezahlukeneyo zamachiza ezifana ne-antibiotics, ii-NSAID, kunye ne-Statins
Iklasi yeziyobisi okanye iklasi yamayeza liqela lamayeza anokusebenza ngendlela efanayo, abe nesakhiwo esifanayo semichiza, okanye asetyenziselwa ukuphatha imeko efanayo yempilo. Kwinqanaba leziyobisi, umniki-nkonzo wakho wezempilo uyakukhangela unyango oluthile olungaphatha kakuhle imeko yakho. Iiklasi ziindidi eziqhelekileyo kwaye amayeza angabonakala kwiklasi enye yezidakamizwa ukuba zinemiphumo eyahlukeneyo okanye zisetyenziswa ngeemeko ezahlukeneyo.
Nayi imimiselo yeeklasi eziqhelekileyo zezidakamizwa.
Antibiotics
I-antibiotiki yinkcubeko yemichiza esetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo ezibangelwa zizibhaktiriya. Ezinye iintsholongwane ezichazwa rhoqo zi-amoxicillin kunye neZithromax (azithromycin). I-antibiotics inokufumaneka kwiimveliso eziqhelekileyo ezivimbela ukukhula kwebhaktheriya. Ziyakwazi ukudala ngokudibeneyo. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zee-antibiotics eziquka ezi zilandelayo:
- I-Beta-lactam, ezifana ne-penicillin, i-cephalosporins, kunye ne-carbapenems, ekhubaza isalathisi seselula
- Iziyobisi eziphazamisa ukuveliswa kwamaprotheni, njengama-macrolides, i-tetracyclines, linezolid, kunye ne-lincosamides
- Izidakamizwa eziphazamisa isalathisi ye-folate, njenge-trimethoprim kunye ne-sulfonamides
- Iziyobisi eziphazamisa i-bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, njenge-quinolones kunye ne-rifampin
Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-antibiotics ingaba yi-bacteriostatic okanye i-bacteriocidal. I-bacteriostatic antibiotics inqamle ukuhlukana kweeseli kunye nokukhula kweseli.
I-bactericidal antibiotics ibulala ibhaktheriya ngqo. Ngokomzekelo, i-rifampin yicirchiocidal drug while antibiotics eziphazamisa iprotheni synthesis ingaba yi-bacteriocidal okanye i-bacteriostatic.
Ukuxhatshazwa
Iingxaki zokuxhatshazwa yiinkalo zamachiza asetyenziswa ukuphatha iimpawu zokudakumba. Ezinye izidandathelwana ezichazwe rhoqo yiLexapro (escitalopram) kunye neZoloft (sertraline).
Bacinga ukuba basebenze ngokutshintsha indlela iikhemikhali ezisengqondweni ezibizwa ngokuthi i-neurotransmitters zilawula imizwa. Baye bafundela phambili ngeyiphi i-neurotransmitter ayichaphazela ngayo kwaye yindlela abayenza ngayo.
- I-serotonin i-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) ekhethiweyo: Iquka iprozac (i-fluoxetine). La machiza anceda ukuphakamisa isibonakaliso se-serotonin.
- I-Serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (i-SNRIs): Ifaka i-Effexor (venlafaxine). La machiza anceda ukuphakamisa uphawu lwe-norepinephrin.
- I-Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs): Iquka u-Elavil (amitriptyline): Ezi ziyobisi ziphucula ukubonakaliswa kokubili kwe-serotonin kunye ne-norepinephrine kodwa zichaphazela nezinye izithunywa zeekhemikhali, ezikhokelela kwimiphumo emibi.
- I-Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (ii-MAOIs): Kuquka uNardil (phenelzine). Ezi zi yobisi zigcina umzimba ungaphuli kuma-neurotransmitters.
Izidakamizwa ezichasayo eziNcinci (i-NSAID)
Izidakamizwa ezichasayo ezingekho komzimba ziyiklasi yezilwanyana ezinesifo sokulwa nesibindi, isifo se-analgesic, kunye ne-antipyretic (anti-fever). Zonke i-NSAID zisebenza ngokuvimbela i-cyclooxygenase ye-enzyme kwaye ziyafumaneka kwiifom ze-counter-counter. Imizekelo ye-NSAID iquka ibuprofen kunye ne-aspirin. Nangona ii-NSAID ziyinxalenye ekhuselekileyo yokuthatha, zineempembelelo ezimbi.
Ngokomzekelo, i-aspirin ibangela ukuba isisu sibe nomsindo kwaye sinokubangela ukuphuma kwamanzi kwezinye.
Opioids
I-opioids yinkalo yeziyobisi ezivela kwi-opium engokwemvelo. I-opium ivunwa kwiPappy Papaver somniferum . Ngokwesiqhelo, i-morphine sele isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiyeza. Eminye imizekelo ye-opioids iquka i-codeine, i-heroin kunye ne-hydrocodone. Ukongezelela, kukho i-opioids epheleleyo, iquka i-meperidine, i-fentanyl, i-methadone, kunye ne-butorphanol. I-opioids ngokuqhelekileyo ixutywe kunye ne-aspirin okanye i-acetaminophen yokuphucula intlungu engcono (cinga uVicodin okanye uNorco).
I-opioids isebenza ngokunqanda ukukhululwa kwe-neurotransmitter ngaloo ndlela kubangela ukukhululeka kwentlungu.
I-opioids nayo ivelisa ukutholisa okanye ukuphucula. Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwe-opioid kunye nokuxhomekeka kuye kwaba yinkinga exhaphakileyo, kunye nabantu abaninzi basebenzisa kakubi iinguqulelo zesitalato zesilwanyana kunye ne-opioids. I-opioid inetyity ingabulala ngokusebenzisa ukudandatheka kokuphefumula.
ZeNkcazo
Iitatimins zididi lweemithi ezivimbela ukuveliswa kwe-cholesterol kwisibindi kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukuphatha abantu abane-cholesterol ephezulu. Ezinye iimimiselo ezimiselweyo rhoqo zi-Lipitor (atorvastatin) kunye neZocor (simvastatin).
Imithombo
Albertson TE. Isahluko 119. Ama-ophiates kunye neeOpioids. Ku: Olson KR. eds. Ukutyhefuza nokugqithiswa kweDrug, 6e . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2012.
I-Gasbarre CC, iSmmitt SK, uTomecki KJ. Isahluko 230. Amayeza. Ku: Goldsmith LA, Katz SI, Gilchrest BA, Paller AS, Leffell DJ, Wolff K. Eds. I-Ditzatrick's Dermatology kwi-General Medicine, 8e . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2012.