Iintlanzi? ADHD? Okanye zombini?
Akunzima ukuxilonga ingxaki yokulahleka kwengxaki (ADD) okanye ukunqongophala kweengxaki zokuxhatshazwa komzimba (ADHD) kwiintsana ezizithulu. Ngokwahlukileyo, akulula ukuxelela xa umntwana ongenalwazi engenayo i-ADD okanye i-ADHD. Nxa kunokwenzeka, abantwana abangevayo abaye bakhankanywa ukuba babe ne-ADD kufuneka bavavanywe ngabantu abanolwazi lwesithulu kunye ne-ADD.
Ukudibanisa ukungabi Namava nge ADD / ADHD
Kungaba lula ukwenza impazamo yokucinga umntwana osisithulu uye wafika ngenxa yokuziphatha komntwana oyisithulu.
Oku kunokwenzeka ukuba ukuziphatha komntwana oyisithulu kubonakala kubonisa i-ADD okanye i-ADHD. Ngokomzekelo, umntwana osisithulu angabonakala engenakho ukunikela ingqwalasela, acingisise okanye asebenze ngamandla.
Ubuninzi be-ADD / ADHD kwabantwana abayizithulu
Loo nto ndikhokelela ekubeni ndibuze ukuba ngaba abantwana abayizithulu banokuthi babe ne-ADD okanye i-ADHD. Inqaku elipapashwe kwi-Journal of Deaf Studies and Education Stuff, "Iingqinisiso ze-Theory and Epidemiological of Distribution of Outstanding and Overactivity in Children's Disciples, kubuza umbuzo ofanayo, kwaye zinezinto ezifunyanisiweyo ezifunyanisiweyo zilandelayo:
Eli nqaku lichaza ukuhlola i-ADHD kunye nokunyamekela kwabantwana abayizithulu "inengxaki" ngenxalenye yokuba abaqeqeshi beentloko banokufumana ubunzima bokufumana iimpawu ezichanekileyo kubantwana abayizithulu abasebenzisa ulwimi lwezandla. Ababhali bafuna ukuphendula umbuzo, ngaba ukusabalalisa kwe-ADHD kunye nokugqithiseleka okufanayo kubantwana abayizithulu njengabantwana abavayo? Iimpawu eziphambili ze-ADHD kunye nokugqithiseleka komsebenzi kungakhathali kwaye kungabonakali. Ukuze uphendule imibuzo yabo, abalobi babhekisele kwizifundo ezimbalwa kunye nomsebenzi owenziwa ngabanye baphandi.Omnye uphando waphawula ukuba ukungathobeli kunye nokunyamekela kungenxa yokungabi nabubele obuncinane kwimiphumo yokuziphatha kunye nokungabikho kokusetyenziswa kolawulo ngabantwana abayizithulu ukulawula ukuziphatha kwabo. Kwachazwa ukuba kubangelwa ukuba abantwana abayizithulu bakhula ngeengxaki zolwimi kunye noqhagamshelwano kunokuba bebangelwe ingxaki ye-biological.
Ingaba abantwana abayizithulu banomdla ngaphezu kokuva abantwana? Mhlawumbi hayi. Abaphengululi bafumanisa ukunyanzeliswa kwaba ngokwenene ukulibaziseka kokuphuhliswa kokusweleka kwexesha lokuqala. Omnye uphando wafumanisa ukuba abantwana abayizithulu nabazali abayizithulu banokulawula okungcono kunabantwana abazizithulu nabazali abavayo.
Ikhono lokutyikitya kwabazali linokudlala indima kweziphumo ezingentla. Ukuba ngaba abazali baye banciphisa izakhono zokutyikitya, kunokuba kunzima ukuchazela imiphumo yezenzo (kubangele ukungabi nangobubele obuncinane), kwaye kuphazamise nokusetyenziswa kwemithetho yokulawula ukuziphatha. Enye inokwenzeka kukuba ukuxhalaba kunye / okanye ukudandatheka kungaphoswa ngokunyanzeliswa kumntwana oyisithulu ogxininiswe nokuthetha, ukufunda, njl.
Omunye umbuzo ophakanyiswe ngababhali ukuba ngaba ezinye izimbangela zokuzithulu ezifana ne-rubella, i-meningitis, kunye ne-cytomegalovirus ziwonakalisa ingqondo, okukhokelela ekungabikho komzimba. Uphononongo luka-1993 lubhekisele kwi-ADD kwi-238 abantwana abayizithulu kwisikolo sokuhlala. Ukuthelekiswa nabantwana abavayo kwakungekho umahluko, okanye kwakungaphantsi. Nangona kunjalo, abantwana abanokufumana (umz. Ababhali beli nqaku bacebisa ukuba baqaphele okokufundisisa.
Ucwaningo oluthile luka-1994 lwabafundi abayizithulu ezingama-414 eFinland xa kuthelekiswa nabantwana abavayo. Olu pho nonongo lufumene ukuba, ukunyanzelisa kwakungekho mkhulu kubantwana abayizithulu, kodwa kwakukhulu ukuba abantwana abayizithulu babenokukhubazeka okongeziweyo. Ukongeza, inqanaba lokukhulumisana lenza umehluko. Kwakungekho umahluko phakathi kwabantwana abayizithulu kuphela kunye nabantwana abavayo.
Ekugqibeleni, uphando lwaseBrithani luhlolisise ukuba ukuxhaphaka kwengxaki yokuxhatshazwa kwabantwana abayizithulu ezingenasisiseko kufana nezingane zokuva. Ngokubanzi bekungekho nantlukwano ebalulekileyo kunye nabantwana abavayo. Isifundo saseBrithani sacacisa ukuba ukuphazamiseka kwengxaki yokuzikhuphaza kwakusoloko kubantwana abasisithulu, kodwa amandla okuthintana ayengabonakali okwenza kubekho umahluko phakathi kokusasazeka kokunyanzeliswa njengoko kuphakanyisiwe kwezinye izifundo.
Ukuxhasa Imindeni Yabantwana abaziThulu abane-ADD / ADHD
Kukho amaqela enkxaso kubazali abangezithulu njengoluhlu lwe-Listen-up, olunabantwana abaninzi abazithulu nabanzima bokuva abantwana nabo ba-ADD / ADHD. Nangona kunjalo, akubonakali ukuba nayiphi na amaqela nje kubazali abangezithulu nabanzima bokuva abantwana abane-ADD / ADHD.
Iinkonzo ezongezelelweyo
- "Umngeni Wokukhathazeka Kweengxaki kwizingane ezizithulu okanye ezilukhuni zokuva," kwiAmerican Annals of Resents , Vol. 138 akukho. 4, iphepha 343-348, 1993. I-database yase-Eric inesishwankathelo kwirekhodi ye-EJ472756.
- "Ukuphonononga nokuLawula ukuKhathazeka kweNkathazo ebantwaneni abaSisithulu okanye abanokuThula," kwiAmerican Annals of Resents , Vol. 138 akukho. 4, iphepha 349-57, 1993. I-database yase-Eric inesishwankathelo kwirekhodi ye-EJ472757.
- AD (H) D kunye nokuLahleka kokulahleka: Ukulahleka okanye ukuhlawula? - Umbhalo ongekho phantsi ojonga ngokukhawuleza ukubaluleka kwe-AD (H) D kwabantwana abayizithulu, kunye nombuzo wokuba ingazi kakuhle.
Imithombo:
> Ukukhulisa abaNtwabedu (abantwana abafikeleleka ngoFebruwari 2008).
> Hindley, uPeter noLeo Kroll. Iimfundiso ze-Theory and Epidemiological zokunqongophala kweNkcazo kunye nokuKhathazeka kwabantwana abayizithulu. Umbhalo weeNzululwazi zokuThwaphuka kunye neZiThuthi zeMfundo , ngezoNyaka ka-1998 3: 64 - 72.