I-Aphasia yePrayimari yePrayimari, okanye i-PPA, yintlupheko yeelwimi eqhubekayo ngenxa ye-atrophy yeengingqi eziphambili, i-parietal kunye neengingqi zengqondo, ngokuqhelekileyo kwicala lasekhohlo. Yiyo ifomenti yengqondo echaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ulwimi nolwimi. Umntu kuthiwa ube ne-PPA ukuba iingxaki zolwimi zibonakalisa uphawu oluphazamisayo lo mntu unesi sifo.
Umntu onokuPPA unokufumana ingxaki ngemveliso yolwimi, i-syntax, into ebizwa ngegama, okanye ukuqonda amagama. Intetho yiyona ndawo engakhubazekiyo kwisigulane sePPA ngexesha lokuxilongwa kwabo, nangona ezinye izinto ezinokuqonda zingakwazi ukuphazamiseka kunye nexesha. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba umntu akanalo i-PPA ukuba iingxaki zeelwimi zabo zibangelwa ezinye iinkqubo, ingxaki ye-nervousative disorder, okanye ukuba i-aphasia ingakwazi ukuphucula ngexesha. I-PPA, njengoko igama layo lithetha, isifo esiqhubekayo esiya kuphazamisa ixesha, kwaye kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ezahlukeneyo-ezingafaniyo (ezibizwa ngokuba yi-agrammatic), i-logopedic, kunye ne-semantic.
1. I-PPA engeyiyo i-PPA (nfvPPA)
Iinkalo eziphambili zolu hlobo luyi-lack of grammar kwimveliso yentetho kunye nokuyeka ukuthetha okanye ukuthetha. Umntu unakho kakhulu unalo kuphela lweempawu kwaye usenokufumanisa ukuba akukho nto.
"Ukungabikho kolwimi," kwimeko enjalo, kunokuthetha ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kweentetho ezimfutshane, ezilula, isakhiwo esilunganga kakuhle, okanye ukusetyenziswa kwefayile engalunganga. Intetho enomdla iphuthuma, iyasebenza, kwaye ayinakho umgangatho wesiqhelo wentetho eqhelekileyo. Umntu onokungafani okungafunekiyo unokunyanzeliswa ukuba athethe inqanaba elinciphile kakhulu ngenxa yobunzima bokudala izivakalisi okanye ukusebenzisa izihlunu eziyimfuneko ukuthetha oko bacingayo.
Ezinye izigulana zingachaza indlela abazi ngayo into abafuna ukuyithetha, kodwa bengakwazi ukwenza amagama ngokufanelekileyo ngomlomo nangeelwimi zabo.
2. I-Logopenic Variant PPA (lvPPA)
Ezifana nezigulane ezingekho kakuhle, izigulane ze-logopenic zinokubonakala zithetha ngokumisa, ngokukhawuleza, kodwa ezi zikhefu zibangelwa ubunzima ngokufumana amagama. Umntu onokushintshashintsha kwelogopenic uya kumisa entetho yabo kungekhona ngenxa yokuba baneengxaki zokuthetha, kodwa kuba abanakwenzeka ukuba bafumane igama elithile abafuna ukuthetha. Enyanisweni, igama elithi "logopenia," elisuka kwisiGrike, lithetha "ukungahambi kwamagama." Abantu abanolu hlobo lwePPA bavame ukufumana ukukhubazeka okukhulu kwememori ngaphezu kwalawo mahluko e-PPA. Ngethuba uthabathe inkulumo encinci, ingxaki yokuthetha ingaba nzima ukuyifumana, kodwa xa uceliwe ukuba unikezele amagama athile okanye uphendule kwimpendulo emininzi emininzi imibuzo, abantu ngabemi bangabambana. Bangathatha iindlela ezide, ezingadingekile ezijikeleze isikhala ekukwazi kwabo ukufumana igama. Isalathiso esiqhelekileyo, nangona kunjalo, kufuneka sigcinwe ngakumbi kwaye intetho ayiyi kubandakanywa iimpazamo ezicacileyo.
3. I-Semantic Variant PPA (svPPA)
Iimpawu eziphawulekayo zePPA ye-semantic kunzima ukukhumbuza amagama ezizinto zemihla ngemihla kunye nokungabikho kokuqonda kwegama.
Ngokomzekelo, umntu unokukwazi ukuba nencoko ebonakalayo eqhelekileyo, kwaye ngokukhawuleza aphathe igama elithi "ikhalenze" njengokungathi ulwimi lwangaphandle. Ukongezelela, abantu bayakulahlekelwa intsingiselo yento leyo ngokwenene-bangenako, umzekelo, ukuxelela ukuba i-watermelon yayifana ne-cantaloupe okanye i-anyanisi. Abantu abathile abanolu hlobo bangaphinda bafumane ubunzima be-dyslexia okanye i-dysgraphia (ithetha ukuba baya kubhala amagama njengoko bevakalayo, kwaye bafunde amagama ngokubhaliweyo njengoko kubhaliweyo, umz. Nangona kunjalo, amaninzi amakhono okuqonda angakwazi ukuhlala ehambelana, njengokukhumbula iziganeko zobomi, ukuzibandakanya kwizinto ezithandabuzayo, okanye ukufumana indlela yokujikeleza ngaphandle kobunzima.
Unyango kunye nePrognosis
Izifo ezingaqhelekanga, i-PPA ingaqala njengengxaki yokuthetha engcolileyo. Nangona kunjalo, njengesifo esiqhubekayo, kuya kuhamba kunye nexesha, kwaye isiguli singalahlekelwa ngokupheleleyo ukufunda, ukubhala, ukuthetha, kunye / okanye ukuqonda oko bakuva. Akukabikho na isicatshulwa esivunyelwe ukuphatha iPPA, kodwa ukuphathwa kwesi sifo kunokubandakanya umgangatho wokubuyisela amagama kunye neengcali zentetho okanye ukusetyenziswa usebenzisa ezinye iindlela zokunxibelelana, njengokuba udweba okanye utyhilo. Ukongezelela, abaninzi abantu abanePPA bafumene luncedo ukuthwala amakhadi e-ID angachazela imeko yabo kwabanye. Abanye bafumana kuncedo ukudibanisa nabanye ngePPA, kwaye iiwebhsayithi ezidibanisa izigulane ze-PPA zezizwe zifumaneka kwi-intanethi. Njengoko iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zesifo zibangelwa ziziingxaki ezahlukeneyo ngaphakathi kwengqondo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukungafani kwimizekelo eyahlukeneyo ukwenzela ukuphucula iindlela zokwenza unyango.
> Imithombo
> Gorno-Tempini ML, Hillis AE, Weintraub S, Kertesz A, Mendez M, Cappa SF, et al. Ulwahlulo lwe-Aphasia yePrayimari ePhambili kunye neeNguqulo zayo. I-Neurology.2011; 76 (11): 1006-14.