Amatye aseGland aseSalivary
I-Sialolithiasis iyigama lezonyango elenziwe ngamatye e-salivary. La matye, okanye i-calculi, ininzi iqukethe i-calcium, kodwa iqukethe i-magnesium, i-potassium, ne-ammonium. Umlomo wakho unamaqabunga amathathu athabileyo anokuhlakulela amatye: i-parotid, i-submandibular, i-sublingual, kunye neengqungquthela ezincinci. Ngenxa yobukhulu, ixesha elide, kunye nokuhamba ngokukhawuleza, ukuhamba kwakho kungakho ukuhlakulela ilitye le-salivary kwi-submandibular salivary gland.
Abantwana abavami ukuhlakulela i-sialolithiasis, kwaye baqheleke kakhulu kumadoda phakathi kweminyaka engama-30 ukuya ku-60. Uninzi lwamatye lwenzeka kuphela kwi-gland eyodwa, nangona kunjalo kunokwenzeka ukuba ube neefom ezininzi zamatye kanye. Amatye e-Submandibular athatha i-80 ukuya kwi-92 ekhulwini layo yonke i-sialolithiasis, ngelixa amatye e-parotid enza ingxelo yamaninzi aseleyo kwi-6 ukuya kuma-20 ekhulwini. Iingqungquthela ezincinane kunye nezincinci zinomngcipheko ophantsi wokuphuhlisa ilitye.
Umsebenzi weSaliva
I-saliva isakhiwa ngamanzi kodwa iqulethe ixabiso elincinci le-electrolytes, i-calcium, i-phosphate, i-antibacterial compounds, kunye ne-enzymes yokutya. Ipropati ye-antibacterial ye-sali ikhusela:
- izifo zomlomo
- umlomo omile ongapheliyo
- isifo segum
- ukubola kwezinyo
I-enzymes yokugaya i-saliva iqala ukuphula ukutya kwakho ngaphambi kokuba uyiginye kwaye umthi ukhululeke ngokukhululeka ekuphenduleni iphunga kunye nokutya kokutya.
Imisebenzi eyongeziweyo yamathe iquka ukusinceda ukugwinya nokuthetha.
I-saliva ikhiqizwa ngeengqungquthela ezininzi ezisemlonyeni nasemqaleni. Iingqungquthela ezinkulu zezothutho zithetha i-saliva ngeebhubhu ezincinci ezibizwa ngokuba ngamathambo eminxeba ekugqibeleni zikhulule umlenze kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo emlonyeni wakho, ingakumbi phantsi kolwimi lwakho kunye nomgangatho womlomo wakho.
Ezi zimbini zombini zeengqungquthela ezinkulu zibizwa ngokuba yi-parotid, i-submandibular, kunye neengqungquthela ezingaphantsi.
Ukongezelela kwiingqungquthela ezinkulu zamathala, kukho iingqungquthela ezincinci, ezibizwa ngeengqungquthela ezincinci, ezisemlonyeni wakho, ezitheni, nakuzo zonke izicubu ezinomlomo wakho.
Izizathu zeSialolithiasis
Imiqathango enjengokudambiswa kwamanzi okubangela ukunyusa, okanye ukunciphisa umthamo wamanzi ematheni kungabangela i-calcium ne-phosphate ematheni ukwenza itye. Amatye amaninzi afakwa kwiindawo zokudlala kunye kwaye angakwazi ukuphazamisa ngokupheleleyo umzila we-salivary, okanye ukuwukhupha. Unokuphuhlisa i-sialolithiasis nangona unempilweni, kwaye isizathu esingaze sisoloko sichazwa. Nangona kunjalo, iimeko ezinokubangela umthi omninzi kunye ne-sialolithiasis elandelayo ziquka:
- ukupheliswa kwamanzi
- ukusetyenziswa kwamachiza okanye iimeko ezenza umlomo owomileyo (i-diuretics kunye ne-anticholinergics)
- I-Sjorgen's syndrome , i-lupus, nezifo ezizimelayo apho i-immune system ihlasela izilonda ze-saliva
- unyango lwe-radiation yomlomo
- gout
- ukutshaya
- ngxakini
Amatye amancinci angavimbeli ukuhamba kwemali angenzeka kwaye angabikho mpawu. Nangona kunjalo, xa ukugeleza kwemali ivalwe ngokupheleleyo kungabangela ukuba isifo se-salivary sifumaneke sisifo.
Iimpawu zeSialolithiasis
Iimpawu zivame ukuba zenzeka xa uzama ukutya (ukususela apho kuqhutywe umgca we-saliva) kwaye unokuthi ungadluli emva kweeyure ezimbalwa emva kokutya okanye uzama ukutya. Oku kubalulekile ukuxelela ugqirha wakho kuba kunokunceda ukuhlula i-sialolithiasis kwezinye iimeko. Iimpawu ze-sialolithiasis zingaquka:
- ukuvuvukala kweentlanzi ezithintekayo eziqhelekileyo zidla ngokutya
- kunzima ukuvula umlomo
- ubunzima bokugwinya
- intlungu ebuhlungu phantsi kweelwimi
- utywala okanye ungadli ukunambitha
- umlomo owomileyo
- intlungu kunye nokuvuvukala kuvame ukujikeleza indlebe okanye phantsi komhlathi
Izifo ezithintekayo zentsimbi yamathambo zingabangela iimpawu ezinzulu kuquka ukukhulelwa, ukukhathala, kunye nokuzikhukhumeza, ukukhathazeka, kunye nokubomvu okuphazamisekileyo.
Ukuchonga iSalolithiasis
I- otolaryngologist , okanye i-ENT, ugqirha ofanelekileyo ukuxilonga nokuphatha i-sialolithiasis. Nangona oogqirha kwezinye iindawo ezizodwa banokuxilonga okanye baphathe le meko. Ugqirha wakho uya kuqwalasela imbali yakho yezobugqirha kwaye ahlole intloko nentamo yakho, kuquka ngaphakathi ngaphakathi emlonyeni wakho. Ngamanye amaxesha ilitye linokuthi live nje njengento. Ngokomlando i-sialograph, apho idayi ifakwe kwi-tray salivary elandelwa ngu-x-ray, isetyenzisiwe, nangona oku kungaphezulu kunokuba kunomdla ongaphantsi kweMRI okanye i-CT.
Unyango lweSialolithiasis
Ukunyangwa kwe-sialolithiasis kuxhomekeke apho ilitye likhona kwaye likhulu kangakanani. Amatye amancinci angatshitshiswa ngaphandle kwendlela leyo kwaye unokukwazi ukujonganisa oku ngokusela amanzi amaninzi, okanye ukuxubusha nokufaka ubushushu kuloo ndawo. Ngamanye amaxesha ugqirha unokutshoxisa ilitye ephuma kwidayi kwaye emlonyeni ngokusebenzisa into ephikisayo kunye nokucokisa ngendawo.
Amatye amakhulu amakhulu amathambo angabunzima ukususa kwaye ngamanye amaxesha afune ukuhlinzwa. Ngamanye amaxesha ityhubhu elincinci ebizwa ngokuthi i- endoscope ingeniswa kwi-duct ukuba ilitye linokubonwa nge-endoscope ugqirha unokukwazi ukufaka esinye isixhobo esetyenziswe ukutsala ilitye. Ngamanye amaxesha ukususwa kwelitye kunokufezekiswa nge-incision encinci, kwiimeko ezinzima lonke i-gland kunye nelitye kufuneka litshintshwe.
Kwimeko yentsholongwane enesifo, ugqirha wakho unokumisela umlomo we-antibiotics. Ungalokothi uthathe ama-antibiotic ngaphandle kokubona ugqirha.
Imithombo:
I-American Academy ye-Otolaryngology - iNtloko kunye nokuPhepha kweNeck. Glands Salivary. http://www.entnet.org/content/salivary-glands
Umonde. co.uk. Amatye aseGland eSalvary (iSalivary Calculi). https://patient.info/health/salivary-gland-stones-salivary-calculi
Fazio, SB & Emerick, K. Salivary Gland Stones. Ku: UpToDate, Deschler, DG (Ed), UpToDate. Waltham, MA: UpToDate Inc. http://www.uptodate.com