I-hypothyroidism ekhulile ibhekisela kwi-hypothyroidism-ukungabikho okanye ukungabikho kwe-hormone ye-thyroid - ekuzalweni.
Ngexesha lokuzalwa kwintsana, i-hypenroidism yokuzalwa yintsholongwane kakhulu. Sekunjalo, ukuba kukho, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba kufumanwe ngokukhawuleza kwaye kuphathwa kakuhle . Ukungaphumeleli kakuhle kwaye ngokukhawuleza ukuphatha i-hypenroidism yokuzalwa engenakho ukuchaphazela kakubi i-IQ kunye nophuhliso lwe-neurological.
I-hypothyroidism engumntakane iyona yezona zinto eziqhelekileyo kodwa eziphathekayo ezibangelwa ukulibala kwengqondo emhlabeni jikelele.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze-hypothyroidism yokubeleka: unomntwana osusigxina we-hypothyroidism kunye ne-hypothyroidism yangaphantsi.
I-Hypothyroidism engunaphakade yamaKhanjethi
Olu hlobo lwe-hypothyroidism ludinga unyango olungunaphakade, kwaye lunobangela obuninzi:
- Isizathu esiqhelekileyo sokuzalwa komntwana we-hypothyroidism sisisiphako okanye ukuphuhliswa okungavumelekanga kwe-thyroid gland, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-dysgenesis. Ngokukodwa, i-ectopic (i-ectopic) isisu se-thyroid sisona siphene esifanelekileyo. Phantse kubini kwisithathu se-congenital hypothyroidism yiphumo le-dysgenesis.
- Ezinye iintsana zidla ilifa ezinokukhubazeka ekusebenziseni kunye ne-secret hormone ye-thyroid. Le akhawunti malunga nama-10 ekhulwini amatyala e-congenital hypothyroidism.
- I- hypothyroidism ekhulelweyo ingabangelwa ngenxa yesiphene kwindlela yokuthutha i-hormone ye-thyroid.
- Kwezinye iintsana, i-hypothyroidism ephakathi, ebandakanya iingxaki ze-hypothalamic okanye i-pituitary, yimbangela yokuzalwa kwe-hypothyroidism.
Ixesha elifutshane le-Congenital Hypothyroidism
Kucingelwa ukuba ama-10 ukuya kuma-20 ekhulwini abantwana abasanda kuzalwa abanama-hypothyroid banesimo sexeshana sesimo esaziwa njenge-hypothyroidism esesifushane.
I-hypothyroidism emfutshane kwiintsana zinezizathu ezininzi:
- Ukuntuleka kwe-iodine kwintsana, okubangelwa kukungenayo i-iodine engenayo kumama
- I-TSH-receptor blocking antibodies (TRB-Ab) kumfazi okhulelweyo ogula ngesifo se-thyroid, ngokuqhelekileyo isifo se-Graves, esidlulisela kwi-placenta kwaye echaphazela umsebenzi we-thyroid we-fetus, obangela i-hypothyroidism ekuzalweni. Oku akukwenzeka kuzo zonke iibhinqa ezinezifo ze-thyroid. Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa kunjalo, i-hypothyroidism ixazulula malunga neenyanga ezintathu emva kokuzalwa njengoko i-antibodies yamama ihlanjululwa yintsana.
- Izidakamizwa ze-Antithyroid (PTU, methimazole) ezithathwe ngumfazi okhulelwe ophethe i-hyperthyroid ewela i-placenta, obangela i-hypothyroidism kwintsana. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-hypothyroidism isombulula iintsuku ezimbalwa emva kokuzalwa, kwaye umsebenzi oqhelekileyo we-thyroid ubuya kwiiveki ezimbalwa.
- Ukufelwa komntwana okanye ukuzalwa kwintsholongwane ephezulu kakhulu ye-iodine, engabangela i-hypothyroidism engapheliyo. Olu hlobo lwefuthe le-iodine lubangelwa ekusebenziseni iyeza ezixhomekeke kwi-iodine njenge-amiodarone (esetyenziselwa ukuphatha izibilini zentliziyo engavumelekanga) kumama okanye umntwana, okanye ukusebenzisa i-antiseptics okanye i-antiseptics.
Izimpawu kunye neMpawu
Uninzi olusandul 'ukuzalwa olune-congenital hypothyroidism alunayo nayiphi na impawu okanye iimpawu zalo mqathango.
Oku kubangelwa ubukho be-hormone ye-thyroid yesisu, okanye enye ye-thyroid ye-function.
Kodwa, iimpawu kunye neempawu zeklinikhi zingaquka oku kulandelayo:
- Ukukhula kwesisindo sokuzalwa
- Ukunyuka kwentloko
- I-Lethargy (ukungabi namandla, ukulala ixesha elininzi, libonakala lidiniwe nangona livukile)
- Ukunyakaza okufutshane
- Ukukhala okukhulu
- Ukutya iingxaki
- Ukuqhaqhazela okuqhubekayo, ukutyhulwa okanye ukuzaliswa kumgca
- Ulwimi olwandisiweyo
- Isikhumba esomileyo
- Iqondo lobushushu obuphantsi
- Jaundice
- I-goiter (i- thyroid eyandisiweyo )
- Itheyibhile ye-muscle engaqhelekanga
- Ubuso bePuffy
- Iindawo ezinobungozi
- Izinwele ezinamaqabunga ezinqabileyo ezihamba phantsi
- I-fontanel enkulu (indawo ethe tye)
- I-herniated bellybutton
- Ukukhula kancinci, ukungaphumeleli
I-hypothyroidism ekhulile ixhaphake kakhulu kwiintsana ezinezinye iintlungu ezingaphantsi komntwana (ezinxulumene nentliziyo) kunye ne-Down syndrome.
UkuThengwa nokuThengisa
I-hypothyroidism ekhulile idlalwa ngokubhenwa kwabantwana abasandul 'ukuzalwa, ngokuqhelekileyo kuqhutywe ngongxowankulu ovivinywayo owenziwe kwiintsuku ezimbalwa zokuzalwa. Uvavanyo luvame ukulandelwa kwiiveki ezimbini ukuya ezintandathu emva kokuzalwa.
Ngokubhekiselele kwingxelo yezokwelapha UpToDate :
"Ukuhlolisiswa kwazo zonke iintsana ngoku kuqhelekileyo kwiindawo ezingama-50 zaseUnited States, eCanada, eYurophu, e-Israel, eJapan, e-Australia naseNew Zealand, kwaye iphantsi kophuhliso eMpuma Yurophu, eMzantsi Melika, e-Asia nase-Afrika. , umzekelo, abantwana abangaphezu kwezigidi ezi-4 bahlolwe rhoqo ngonyaka, bekhokelela ekufumaneni iintsana ezili-1000 ezine-hypothyroidism ezizalwe ngumntwana. Ehlabathini lonke, kuqikelelwa ukuba izigidi ezili-12 zikhutshwe kwaye i-3,000 ne-hypothyroidism zifunyanwa ngonyaka. "
Xa ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwegazi kubonakalisa ingxaki ekhoyo, ukulandelelana kubandakanya ngokubanzi umsebenzi wegazi kwaye ungabandakanya ezinye iimvavanyo, ezifana neemvavanyo ze- thyroid imaging . I-UpToDate ineenkcukacha ezibanzi malunga neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokuxilonga ezisetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa i-hypothyroidism yokuzalwa kunye nokuvavanya izizathu zayo.
ILizwi
Ukuba unomntwana ozalwe nge-hypothroidroidism engumntwana, uyintoni na umlomo wakhe? Ukuba imeko yakho yomntwana ifunyanwe ngexesha lokuzalwa kwaye iphathwe ngokukhawuleza, ukugqithisa kukugqwesileyo. Ngokomphando, abantwana abafumene ngexesha lokuzalwa abafumana unyango lokuqala baqhele ngokukhula nokuphuhliswa okuqhelekileyo, kwaye ezininzi iingxelo zichaza akukho mahluko kwi-IQ.
Ezinye izifundo, nangona kunjalo, zifumene ukunciphisa okuncinci kwamanqaku omlomo, izibalo, kunye ne-IQ, kunye nokunqongophala okuncane kwimemori kunye nokuqwalaselwa kwamanye abantwana abuyiselwe kwizinga eliqhelekileyo le-thyroid ngokukhawuleza, ngenxa yokubambezeleka kokuxilongwa okanye ukuhlawula okuphantsi. Ukunyanga kwangoko kunye nokwaneleyo unyango lwe-hypothyroidism yokubeletha , ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu.
Umthombo:
> LaFranchi, uStephen. Iimpawu zeCliniki kunye nokuThatya kwe-Hypothyroidism. UpToDate .