Ngubani obungozi kakhulu?
Ukudluliselwa kunye nokufumana i-HIV ukusuka kwisini somzimba kuphakamileyo kwiimeko zekhondom ezingekho phantsi kwezesondo, kokubili kwabesetyhini kunye namadoda. Ngoxa i-risk is aphezulu kubafazi ngenxa yobungozi be-biologic (kubandakanye ubuninzi obukhulu beethambo ezinokuthi i-HIV ingaphulile), amadoda asemngciphekweni kunye nezinto ezivela kwizifo ezidluliselwa ngesondo ngokufanayo (STDs) kwimeko yokusoka engeza kuloo mngcipheko.
Ingozi yokuThumela kwabasetyhini
Intsholongwane kaGawulayo inokufunyanwa kwigazi, inambuzane, isilwanyana sokuqala ("pre-cum"), okanye isisu somntu osulelekileyo. Ubuncwane bebhinqa bunokukrazula nokuvumela ukuba i-HIV ingene emzimbeni, kunye nokutyathwa kwe-HIV ngokusebenzisa iimbumba ezinamaqabunga eziqhawula umfazi kunye nomlomo wesibeleko.
Xa i-HIV ifumaneka kulezi zicubu, ukusuleleka kweso sifo kuhlaselwa ngamaseli omzimba wokuqala, kuquka i-macrophage kunye neeseli ze-dendritic. Ukusetyenziswa kwala maseli kukunyusa ukusabela kumasosha omzimba apho iiseli ezizodwa ezikhuselayo, kuquka i- CD4 kunye ne- CD8 T-cell , zikhuthazwa ukulwa. Okumangalisa kukuba, yi-CD4 iiseli ezijoliswe kwi-HIV ngokukhethekileyo. Ukuba oku kwenzeka kwaye ukukhuselwa komgca wokuqala akukwazi ukudibanisa abahlaseli be-HIV, ukuvezwa kukuba ngaphezu kokubhengezwa. Iba sisifo.
Ingozi yokuThumela kuMadoda
Ngomntu unomngcipheko omncinci we-HIV kuneqabane lakhe labesetyhini, i-HIV inokungena ngaphakathi kwi-urethra (ukuvulwa kwintonga yepenis) okanye ngokunciphisa amancinci okanye izilonda ezivulekileyo kwi-penis.
Ukongeza, amadoda angalukanga athambekele ekungciphekweni kwe-HIV kunamadoda abalukileyo . Ubuninzi bebhakteria obukho ngaphantsi kwesigqabi buya kukhula ngenxa yendalo. I-immune system iphendula ngokusesikweni ngokubangela ukukhusela okukhuselekileyo okukhuselana nomzimba wokugcina isifo.
Kwakhona, ngokungathandabuzekiyo, ii-CD4 zeeseli ziyakwazi ukubizwa ngeendlela zokuzikhusela, zenze ukuba kube lula ukuhambisa.
Izifo ezithathelwana ngesondo
Izifo ezithathelwana ngesondo zisebenza ngokuthe ngcembe ngendlela efanayo. Ngaphandle kwezilonda zesilonda esilulayo ezinokuthi zenze indlela elula kwimida yegazi (ukusuka kwii-STD ezifana ne-syphilis okanye i- herpes simplex ), ezinye izifo zikhupha impendulo yokuzivikela emzimbeni, ngokunyusa ukwandisa ukutshintshwa kwe-HIV okanye ukufumana kakuhle ngaphandle kwezinto ezinokuthi zenzeke ukuba kungekho ntsho i-HIV .
Ukuthintela ukuhanjiswa kwe-HIV
Ukuba ukhetha ukulala ngesondo, sebenzisa ikhondom ye-latex ukukhusela kokubili wena kunye nomlingane wakho engozini ye-HIV kunye nezinye ii-STD. Izifundo zibonise ukuba iikhondom ze-latex zisebenza kakuhle xa zisetyenziswe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ziqhubekayo. Ukuba omnye umlingani uhlaselwa kwi-latex, iikhondom (i-polyurethane) iikhondom zedoda okanye ibhinqa zingasetyenziswa. (Gwema iikhondom ze-lambskin ezingakhuseliyo kwi-HIV kunye nee-STD).
Ukongezelela, amaqabane anganciphisa kakhulu i-HIV ngamacandelo amabini okukhusela:
- Umlingane onentsholongwane kaGawulayo, indoda okanye ibhinqa, kufuneka ibekwe kwi- antiretroviral therapy ukufezekisa ngokupheleleyo intsholongwane kumanqanaba angabonakaliyo . Ukuba oku kuphunyeziweyo, umngcipheko wokudluliselwa kumlingane ongakhange uhlaselwe ungaphinda uhlahlele kuma 90%. Funda kabanzi malunga nonyango lwe-HIV njengokuthintela (iTraP) .
- Naliphi na iqabane elingenayo igciwane lesandulela ngculazi, indoda okanye ibhinqa, inokukhetha ukuthatha i-HIV ngaphambi kokuchasana neprophylaxis (PrEP), ipilisi ye-antiretroviral yemihla ngemihla enokunciphisa umngcipheko wokufumana i-HIV ukusuka kuyo yonke indawo ukusuka kuma-70-90%. Funda kabanzi malunga nendlela yokusebenzisa i- Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) .
Imithombo:
Liu, C; Ulambile, B .; Tobian, A .; okqhubekayo. "UkuLalukiswa kwaBaqabane kuNciphisa kakhulu ukuPhukisa nokuLwa kweBacterial Anaerobic Genital." mBio. NgoFebruwari 15, 2013; 4 (2): e00076-13.
Amaziko e-US for Control and Prevention (CDC) yeZifo. "Iimpawu ezibalulekileyo: Ukukhusela i-HIV ngoNonophelo kunye nabaPhathiswa t - United States." Ukuxhatshazwa kunye nokufa kweeVeki ngeveki (MMWR). Disemba 2, 2011; 60 (47): 1618-1623.
Amaziko e-US for Control and Prevention (CDC) yeZifo. Isikhokelo sesigxina seeNklinikhi ngokubhekiselele ekusebenziseni iPreexposure Prophylaxis yokuNqanda uGawulayo ngoGawulayo kwi-Heterosexual Active Active. " Ukuxhatshazwa kunye nokufa kweeVeki ngeveki (MMWR). Agasti 10, 2012; 61 (31): 586-589.