Uphando lubonisa ukuba iingqungquthela eziphindaphindiweyo zingakhokelela ekufundeni ukukhubazeka
Abantwana abadlala imidlalo yokuthintana nabo basengozini yokuqhubela phambili intlungu kunye neengcambu.
IiNgxelo zoLwabizo lweMiyobisi ukuba abantwana abangama-130 000 abaneminyaka engaphantsi kwe-18 babonakala kwiintlungu ezichaphazelekayo kwezemidlalo minyaka yonke. Uninzi lwabantwana abafumana ukuba bafumana isicombululo ; Nangona kunjalo, uphando olutsha lubonisa ukuba iingcamango eziphindaphindiweyo kulo lonke ubuntwaneni kunye nolutsha oludala lunokubangela utshintsho olusigxina kwindlela ubuchopho busebenza ngayo.
Oku kungenxa yokuba ingqondo ikhula ngokukhawuleza kuwo wonke umntwana. Ukulimala kweBrazil kuthatha amandla kunye nexesha kude neenkqubo zokufunda nokuphuhlisa. Kulo xesha kwaye amandla asetyenziswe ukuzama ukuphilisa ubuninzi bokulimala kwengqondo ngangokunokwenzeka.
Intlungu ephezulu ngexesha lemidlalo ngokuqhelekileyo ivela kwintlungu ephuma kwelinye umdlali, umhlaba, okanye into. Ukuvuthwa kubangela ukuba ubuchopho budibanise ngaphambili nangemuva kwecayi. Le ntshukumo ilalisa iisensi zeentsimbi kwaye zingenza ukuba igazi lingene ngaphakathi okanye ngeenxa zonke kwengqondo.
Ingqungquthela yingozi yokuchophaza kwengqondo engabangela okanye ayiyi kubangela ukulahleka okufutshane. Kukho umonakalo kwengqondo nokuba ngaba ukulahlekelwa yintliziyo kungenzeki, ngoko akufanele kube ngumqondiso kuphela ozakuwujonga.
Ukuba umntwana unempawu ezilandelayo emva kweentlekele zentloko echaphazelekayo yezemidlalo / kufuneka abonakale kwigumbi lexakeka ngokukhawuleza:
- Ukudideka okanye ukuphazamiseka
- Ukunzima ukuthetha, ukutshiza amagama
- Ingxaki igcina ukulinganisela okanye ukuhamba
- Intloko yesifo okanye intloko eqhubekayo ihamba phambili
- Ukulahleka kwengqondo
- Ukungaphenduli (ukungavuki)
Iinguqu Zobunjineli obungapheliyo
Ingqondo isakhula ngexesha lobuntwana, kwaye izakhono ezinjengeelwimi, ukucinga ngokucokisekileyo kunye nokuxazulula ingxaki akukabikwa ngokupheleleyo.
Njalo ixesha kukho intlungu engqondweni, ubuchopho kufuneka bulungise umonakalo; ukuba iiseliti zamathambo ziqhekekileyo, iindlela ezintsha zokunxibelelana ngolwazi ngaphakathi kwengqondo kufuneka zifunyanwe kwaye zifunde. Ukukhupha kungaholela ekunciphiseni ukuhamba kwegazi kwi-lobes yengqondo ejongene nezakhono ezibalulekileyo. Umonakalo weseli lomnxeba uxhoxisa ingqondo ukuba ibuye kwakhona indlela iimpembelelo kunye nolwazi oluhanjiswa ngayo kwaye lufunyenwe. Kwimeko yengqondo yomntwana ophuhlisayo, oku kunokuphazamisa ekufundeni jikelele.
Ngokutsho kophando, kuyingozi ukuba intlekele yentloko kunye neengxubusho zenzeke ngexesha elifanayo ukuba izakhono zokufunda kunye nezakhono zokucinga ziphuhliswa. Ukuba ingqondo yomntwana ifunda ingxaki yokuxazulula iingxaki okanye ukucinga okugxekayo kwaye le nkqubo iphazamisekile, ke ezo zakhono zingenakuqhubela phambili ngendlela efanele. Intlungu yesifo iphazamisa inkqubo yokufunda evamile.
Kubuhlungu ngokukodwa xa ukulimala kwengqondo kubakho ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Njalo ixesha ubuchopho buxinzeleleke kufuneka buyifumane, kwaye ukuba ingaba nexesha lokuphilisa ngokupheleleyo ukususela ekugqibeleni kokugqibela, le nto iyancipha okanye iyayiyeka inkqubo.
Iziphakamiso zeNtloko zeNtlungu
Oogqirha abaphatha kakubi intloko kunye nokulimala kwengqondo kubantwana ngoku bacebisa ukuba nayiphi na ixesha kukho ukubethelwa kwentloko kunye nengxubusho evela kwintlungu, umntwana:
- Masinyane uyeke ukwenza okanye ukudlala
- Uvavanywe ngokupheleleyo ngugqirha ngaphambi kokuba uqalise ukwenza okanye udlale kwakhona
- Yiba nexesha elaneleyo lokuphumla ukuvumela ukuba ubuchopho buzaliseke kwakhona. Ukuba kukho nayiphi na impawu ezikhankanywe apha ngasentla zikhoyo, ixesha lokubuyisela lingafuneka ukuba lidlule iiveki ezimbalwa.
Ezi zithintelo kunzima ukuba izingane zilandele, ingakumbi ukuba ziyasebenza kwimidlalo. Iiveki ezimbalwa ezisezantsi zingatshintsha lonke ixesha.
Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ukuphazamiseka kwentloko ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunokuba nemiphumo yengxaki yexesha elide kunye nefuthe lobomi bomntwana. Ezi zibandakanya ukufunda okungahambi kakuhle, ukucinga, nokucamngca ukuphazamisa impumelelo yesikolo kwakunye nokunyuka kwengozi ye- Parkinson, isifo se-Alzheimer kunye nesinye isifo se-dementias.
Imithombo:
I-Docking, K. no-Murdoch, E. (2007) Ukulimala Kokubuhlungu Kwengqondo (i-MTBI) kunye neLwimi ebuntwaneni: Iindlela zokuPhambi kweNdlela kunye noPhulo lweBhanki noLwimi (103) 8-249
I-Mayer, R., I-Ling, J., i-Yang, i-Z, i-Pena, i-., Yeo, i-R. & Klimaj, S. (2012) Ukusabalalisa ukungonakali kwi-Pediatriciki. Umbhalo we-Neuroscience, uDisemba 12, 2012 • 32 (50): 17961-17969
UMcKinlay A, uGrace R, uHorwood J, uFergusson D, iMacFarlane M (2009) Iimpawu Zengqondo Zengqondo Zengqondo Abantwana Abangama-Childhood Ubunzima Obunzima Bokulimala Ubunzima: Ubungqina Bokuvela Kwiqela Lokuzalwa. I-Head Head Trauma Rehabil 24: 221-227
I-Yeates KO, i-Kaizar E, i-Rusin J, i-Bangert B, iDietrich A, uNuss K, u-Wright M, u-Taylor HG (2012) Utshintsho oluthembekileyo kwiimpawu zePostconcussive kunye neMiphumo yalo esebenzayo phakathi kwaBantwana abane-Brain Tragedatic Injury. I-Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 166: 615- 622. I-CrossRef Medline.