Ukuba uye watshelwa ukuba wena okanye umthandayo unomdlavuza ophezulu we- prostate , mhlawumbi uvakalelwa kakhulu. Ithetha ntoni le nto? Kuphathwa njani? Nangona i-prostate kanomdla ngokuqhelekileyo ifunyenwe kwizigaba zokuqala zesi sifo, akuqhelekanga ukuba ukuxilongwa kufikeleleke xa isifo siphumelele, sichaza isigaba 4. Kungakunceda ekuqondeni le nqanaba yesi sifo ukuhlaziya okokuqala ukuba zeziphi iindlela kubantu abanomdlavuza wesibeletho.
I-prostate Can Staging
Umhlaza wesifo seprotate, njengawo wonke umdlavuza, uvela kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo kulo lonke ixesha lesi sifo. Ukuxilongwa komhlaza wesibeletho kunokwenzeka nakweyiphi na inqanaba. Nangona lo mhlaza ukhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye unokuhlala uhlala kwi-prostate iminyaka emininzi, ekugqibeleni (okanye ngamanye amaxesha ngokukhawuleza), unokuqhubela phambili kwezinye iindawo zomzimba.
Emva kokuxilongwa komhlaza wesifo seprotate, ukuhlolwa kwegazi, ukucinga ngeso lengqondo kunye nezinye iimviwo ziqhutyelwa ukuvavanya ukuqhubela phambili komhlaza wesigulane kwaye unqume ukuba umhlaza usasazeka ngaphaya kwe-prostate. Le nqubo ibeka "isigaba" somhlaza wesifo seprotate kwaye ichaza ubungakanani bokuba sisasazeka emzimbeni, kwaye yinkqubo ebalulekileyo ekuqaliseni ukhetho olungcono kunyango.
Oogqirha abaninzi basebenzisa i- TNM System ukuhlola isigaba kunye nokusabalalisa umhlaza wesibeletho kwisigulane. "T" imele "isisu," kwaye ibhekisela kubukhulu bomhlaza wesiqhelo; "N" imele "iindidi," kwaye ibhekiselele nokuba ingaba isifo somhlaza sisasazeke kwii-lymph nodes esondele, kwaye "M" imele "imetastasis" kwaye ibhekiselele nokuba ingaba nomhlaza uye wasasazeka ngaphaya kwendawo ye-prostate kwinqanaba elizungezile kwaye wonke umzimba.
Ezi ziimpawu ezintathu zibeka "isigaba" somhlaza wesifo somhlaza. Kukho izigaba ezine ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukuchaza ukuqhubela phambili komhlaza wesibeletho:
- Isigaba 1: Umhlaza usendaweni yeprotate kwaye awukwazi ukuchongwa kwiimviwo eziqhelekileyo.
- Isigaba sesi-2: Umhlaza usacaciswa kwi-prostate kodwa uye wandisa ubungakanani.
- Isigaba sesi-3: Umhlaza usasaze ngaphaya kweprotrate kodwa uvalelwe kumathishini asondele kuphela.
- Isigaba sesi-4: Umhlaza uye wahamba phambili, okanye ulungelelanisa, ngaphaya kweprotate kunye nezicubu eziseduze kwii-lymph node kunye nezinye izitho zomzimba.
Isigaba 4 I-Cancer ye-Prostate: Iintsingiselo kunye neempawu
Umdlavuza wesigaba se-4 uthathwa njengophambili, njengoko usasaze ngaphaya kweprotate kunye nendawo esondeleyo kwezinye iindawo zomzimba. Eli nqanaba langoku aliphilwanga; Nangona kunjalo, kukho ukhetho lwezokwelapha olunokuthi lunciphise iimpawu ezibuhlungu eziqhelekileyo zomhlaza wesibeletho. Lezi zimpawu ziquka ubuthathaka kunye negazi ngenxa yokungabikho kwemveliso yeselom ebomvu kwintsipho yethambo, iintlungu zethambo okanye ezinye iintlungu ezixhaphakileyo, okanye iintlungu ngenxa yamathambo athathaka. Amanye amadoda afumana ubunzima okanye ubunzima bokuvota ngenxa yokwandiswa kweprotate; nangona kunjalo, oku kungabonakalisa uphawu lweyiphi na isigaba somhlaza wesibeletho.
Unyango lwe-Cancer Advanced Prostate
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele kwakhona ukuba ngelixa umhlaza wesifo seprotate awuphilwanga, uyaphathwa. Unyango lunokuthi luthintele ukukhula komhlaza kodwa lunokuphucula iimpawu ezinxulumene nomhlaza. Inqubekela phambili ebalulekileyo yenziwe kwonyango lomhlaza wesifo se-prostate kwiminyaka yamuva, kwaye ithemba lokuphila landa.
Uphulo olutsha luye lwavunywa, kwaye unyango oluninzi luye lwavavanyelwa kwizilingo zonyango . Ekubeni ngengcaciso ephakamileyo yomhlaza wesifo seprotate iye yasasazeka kwezinye iindawo zomzimba, ukuhlinzwa akuqhelekanga ukhetho kule nqanaba yesifo. Nangona kukho iindlela ezininzi zokonyango:
Unyango lweHormonal
I-hormone yokwelapha ivame ukumiselwa ukunciphisa ubukhulu kunye nokukhusela ukusasazeka kwe-tumor okanye izicubu. Ezi zonyango zingabangela iziphumo ezingathandekiyo , ezifana nokunciphisa i-libido, ukutshisa okutshisa kunye nokuphuhliswa kwezicubu zesifuba, kodwa kunokuphucula kakhulu umgangatho kunye nokwandisa ubomi babantu abaneSigaba 4 somhlaza wesifo somhlaza.
I-hormone therapy inefuthe elincinci nangaphantsi kumdlavuza ophezulu wesifo seprotate ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwaye ekugqibeleni, olu unyango luvame ukuyeka ukusebenza.
Chemotherapy
Xa isigulane siyeka ukuphendula kwisifo se-hormone, i- chemotherapy isisoloko isinyathelo esilandelayo. Olu lukhetho olunonyango olunonyango olubandakanya iikhemikhali eziqhelekileyo zinikezwa nge-IV ngemijikelezo eyahlukeneyo. I-Chemotherapy ineempembelelo ezininzi ezibi kodwa zinganciphisa okanye ziyeke ukukhula komhlaza wesibeletho.
I-Bone Targeted Therapy
Umdlavuza ophezulu we-prostate usasazeka kwi-system skeletal. Ukugula kweemfuyo ngenxa yokuqhubela phambili kunokubangela intlungu eqhubekayo kunye neentlungu kubayeni abane-Stage 4 yomhlaza wesibeletho. Ukunyanga kwamayeza kuninzi kusetyenziswa ukunyanga nokuphelisa intlungu yesifo kwezi zi gulane. Olu unyango luya kunciphisa amathambo, ngoko kaninzi ludibaniswa neyeza zonyango ezikhuthaza amandla amathambo kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuphuka.
Immunotherapy
I-Immunotherapy yindlela entsha enomdla kubantu abanomdlavuza wesibeletho, kunye neyeza elithile elivunyiweyo ngoku, kunye nabanye bavavanywa kwizilingo zezonyango. Le nonyango isebenza ngokunyusa ukukhusela umzimba womzimba ekulwa namaseli omhlaza. I-Immunotherapy inokunyusa ixesha lokuphila kwaye linokubangela ukulawula ixesha elide lesi sifo kubayeni abathile abasabela kakuhle kunyango.
Ukuphila Ngomhlaza Weprostate
Ukuxilongwa komdlavuza ophezulu kukukrakra, kodwa awuyedwa. Cinga ukujoyina iqela loxhaso kwindawo yakho okanye kwi-intanethi apho ungadibanisa namanye amadoda ajongene nesimo esifanayo. Ukuba ungumhlobo wakho ohlala nomhlaza wesisu, qaphela la macebiso malunga nendlela yokuxhasa umntu omthandayo ngomhlaza .
Imithombo:
I-Mulders, P., De Santis, M, i-Powles, T., ne-K. Fizal. Unyango olulindelekileyo lwe-metastatic-resistant-resistant cancer prostate ne-spuleucel-T immunotherapy. Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy . 2015. 64 (6): 655-63.
National Cancer Institute. Ukwelashwa kweNtsholongwane kaGawulayo - kwiingcali zempilo (PDQ). Ukuhlaziywa nge- 10/23/15.
Park, J., noMnu Eisenberger. Intuthuko kwiNyango yeMhlaza yeProstate Cancer. IMayo Clinic Proceedings . 2015. 90 (12): 1719-33.
Urology Care Foundation. I-Cancer Advanced Prostate.