Yintoni iViological Vector?

Yintoni iVector Biological?

Kwi-biology, i-vector yinto ehambisa i- pathogen okanye ezinye izinto eziphilayo kwiindawo ezithile. I-vector ayibangeli isifo okanye imeko ngqo. Liyithwala kuphela. Kwi-physics, i-vector iyona mgca kunye nobukhulu kunye nesikhokelo. Kuzo zombini i-physics kunye ne-biology, inkcazo ye vector ibonisa ukunyakaza.

Xa i-epidemiologists ixoxa malunga nabavakeli, bahlala bexoxa ngomzimba onokuthatha intsholongwane okanye ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane phakathi kwemikhosi. Ngokomzekelo, umiyane uyinvolisi ye-malariya. Iphethe i-malaria parasite ukusuka kumntu ukuya kumntu. Iimvumi nazo ziyi-vectors kwi- Zika virus . I-Zika yintsholongwane ephumayo enokubangela iingxaki ezinzulu ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Ngokukodwa, kungonakalisa umntwana ongakazalwa. I-Zika inokudluliselwa ngesondo.

Iintlobo ezahlukileyo zeentongomane zingabonakalisa izilwanyana kwiintsholongwane. Ezinye iindidi zeearthropod nazo ziyakwazi ukuba yizilwanyana zezifo. Ezi ziquka iimpukane zentlabathi, iilum, iifle, kunye neekethi.

Ngaba uyayazi: Kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe-3500 zeentongwane, ukusuka kwi 41 genera. Iindidi ezahlukileyo ziimpawu zentlobo ezahlukeneyo zentsholongwane. Ayikho yonke imiyane inobungozi! Nangona kunjalo, iintlobo ezininzi ngaphakathi kwinto efanayo zikwazi ukuhambisa izifo ezifanayo. Akunjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ezinye iintsholongwane zifuna iimpawu ezingaphezulu kwezinye.

Xa i - biologist i- molecular biologist ixoxa malunga neengxaki, zithetha into eyahlukileyo. Bahlala bexoxa ngeendlela zokufumana isahlulo seDNA apho bafuna khona. Ngokomzekelo, basenokusebenzisa intsholongwane yomgubo wengqumbo njengemvolisi yokuphatha i-antibody gene kwi-cell plant. Olu hlobo lwevolisi lusetyenziselwa ukudala izityalo ezingakwazi ukuvelisa izizahlulo.

Eyaziwayo Njengaye: Iimvenge zivame ukudibaniswa kunye nabathwali. Nangona kunjalo, ezo zibini azikho into efanayo. Umthengisi unayo inkcazelo eninzi. Ngokubhekiselele kwizifo, umphathiswa ngumntu onentsholongwane kodwa akukho mpawu. Umphathiswa angaba ngumntu onomdla kodwa akakho iimpawu.

Ziziphi ezinye zeMpawu zeViological Vectors?

1. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwezesondo zengcinezelo yeZika kunokuthintela ngekhondom okanye ezinye izithintelo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuthintela ukuthunyelwa kwe-Zika ngamanqwane kufuna ukulawulwa kwemiyane njengemvolonti. Amazwe amaninzi aphinda asebenze ukulawula umlingo wokuzama ukunciphisa ingozi yokudluliselwa kweZika. Ukwenza oko kungaba yindlela efanelekileyo yokunciphisa umonakalo wezexesha elide wezempilo ochaphazelekayo no-Zika. Iindleko zemvakalelo nezemali zabafazi abakhulelweyo abanesifo sengculaza bangaba phezulu.
2. Umthi we-deer ungumvolisi wesifo seLyme. Uphando malunga nokuthintela uLyme kaninzi lujolise kwiindlela zokulawula umlinganiselo weengxwaba zontanga. Oku kubonakala kubonakala kunlula kunezinye iindlela zokuthintela - ezifana nokugonya. Ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokungabonakali kwivolisi kunciphisa umngcipheko wokubakho kwezifo. Ngokwahlukileyo, izitofu ezisebenzayo zaseLyme zisaphuhliso.

1. Ngentwasahlobo ka-2011, i- Nature yashicilela isifundo esichaza uhlobo olutsha lwe-SIV (HIV). Isitofu sokugonywa sisetyenziselwa i-CMV njengemvolonti yokufaka iimpendulo zentsholongwane yomzimba nge-SIV. I-gene ye-virus ye-SIV yafakwa kwi-CMV. Emva koko, igciwane le-CMV lenza iprotheni ye-SIV. Iingcali zenzululwazi zatsholisa iintsonkwane ngale ntshogulo ye-CMV, kwaye bayisebenzisa njengegciwane.

Uluphi Ulawulo lweVector Integrated?

I-World Health Organization inoxanduva lokulawula izifo kunye nokukhusela emhlabeni wonke. Icandelo loxanduva lwabo kukulandelela, nokulawula, izifo eziphathwe yizilwanyana. Enye indlela abenza ngayo ngoku kukucebisa uluhlu lwezakhono ezibizwa ngokuba yi-vector management or IVM.

Injongo ye-IVM kukufumanisa indlela echanekileyo kunye neyindleko ekulawuleni ukugula kwezilwanyana.

I-IVM yinkqubo encedisa uluntu ukuba yintoni na amanyathelo angasetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo ukulawula i-vector yesifo kwindawo ethile. Ngokuqhelekileyo, udibaniso lwezikhetho lukhethwa. Ezi zinokubandakanya nayiphi na into ekusabalaleni kweenetha zobumnyozi ukusebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane kwitshintsho kwiindlela zokucoceka.

_Umthombo:

> Hansen SG, Ford JC, Lewis MS, Ventura AB, Hughes CM, Coyne-Johnson L, Whizin N, Oswald K, Shoemaker R, Swanson T, Legasse AW, Chiuchiolo MJ, Parks CL, Axthelm MK, Nelson JA, Jarvis MA , Piatak M, Lifson JD, Picker LJ. Ukulawulwa kwangaphambili kwe-SIV eninzi ye-pathogenic nge-memory effect ye-T-cell vaccine. Uhlobo. Ngo-Meyi 2011 11. [Epub phambi kokuprinta]

> Hennessey MJ, Fischer M, Panella AJ, Kosoy OI, JJ eLaven, uLanciotti RS, iSpaples JE. Izifo zintsholongwane ze-Z kwi-Travelers Ukubuyela e-United States, ngo-2010-2014. I-J Trop Med Hyg. 2016 Julayi 6; 95 (1): 212-5. i-doi: 10.4269 / ajtmh.16-0049.

_{UKaijk P, uLuytjes W. Ukugonywa kwesifo seLyme: Ngaba sikulungele? Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2015 uSep 4: 0. [Epub ngaphambi kokuprinta]}

_{Moyer MW. Imfazwe ekhulayo yehlabathi jikelele ngokuchasene neengxube ezithatha igazi. Uhlobo. 2015 Aug 27; 524 (7566): 406-8. i-doi: 10.1038 / 524406a.}

_{Šmit R, Postma MJ. I-Lyme borreliosis: ukuphonononga izitofu ezinokuthi zithathe iigciwane, iinkalo zekliniki kunye nezoqoqosho lwezoqoqosho. Iingcaphephe zoVavanyo. 2015 Sep 28: 1-13.}