Inkcazo:
Ukwahlukahluka kubhekisela kumanyathelo athungathayo ukuba iseli ihamba ukuze ikhule. Njengoko iseli ikhula, iqala ukubonisa injongo yayo nendima emzimbeni womntu, inkqubo eyaziwa ngokuba ngumlinganiselo.
Iiseli ziyakhula ngenxa yokuba zikhula ngokukhawuleza ukusuka ekuqaleni, njengoko kuphuhliswa kwintsana esiswini; nangona kunjalo iiseli ezifayo ezingenalo ukwahlukana nazo zenzeke ngokuqhelekileyo kubantu abadala - ngokomzekelo, kwiisculi kunye nezitho ezihlala zithatha iiseli zangaphambili ngokutsha, ezifana nomnatha wethambo.
Iiseli ezihlukileyo ngokupheleleyo yizo esizifundayo kwi-biology eyisiseko: iiseli zegazi ezibomvu, iiseli zobuchopho okanye i-neurons okanye iiseli zamascle, ngokomzekelo. Ukwahlukana yinkqubo eyenza i-destin yesifo esilula, inquma indima ekhethekileyo yeseli kunye neziphumo kwiimpawu ezithile ezifanelwe nenjongo yeselula yabantu abadala. Iselfini lesikhumba ayifani neseli yegazi, umzekelo. Iseli elivuthiwe, elihlukileyo kakhulu linendima ekhethekileyo yokudlala, kunye neempawu eziqhelekileyo zelungu okanye izicubu apho zihlala khona.
Ukwahlukana kwiCarcer
Ngomdlavuza, inkqubo yokwahlula ingenzeki ngokuqhelekileyo. Iiseli zomhlaza zingabambelela kwisigaba esinye sokuhlukana, sinokuphuhliswa kakhulu kwaye zingenakusebenza kunye neeseli eziphilileyo. Enyanisweni, ngamanye amaxesha iiseli zihluke kakhulu kangangokuthi, ngaphantsi kwe-microscope, azikhange zibukeke ngathi njengeeseli eziye zazivela.
I-pathologists ngabagqirha abaqeqeshwe ukuhlalutya iiseli kunye nezicubu, njengalezo ezithunyelwe kwiimpawu ze-biopsy, ukuzimisela ngezifo. Kwakuqhele ukuba i-pathologists incike kakhulu kwizinto ezibizwa ngokuba yi-morphology-ukuba iiseli zibukeka ngaphantsi kwe-microscope: ubukhulu, ubunjani okanye ubuncwane bombala xa idayi ekhethekileyo kunye namacwecwe asetyenziswa.
Oku kusenziwa, kwaye ivelise ulwazi olubalulekileyo malunga nokuhlukana, kodwa ngoku kukho ezinye iimvavanyo ezisetyenzisiweyo. Ezi mvavanyo ziyakwazi ukubona iimolekyu ezithile ezithile ngaphandle kweeseli ezingasetyenziselwa ukutshilwa indlela ezahlukileyo ngayo iseli.
Ukwahlukana kwiCarcer Cancer
Esinye sezizathu ezininzi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-lymphomas kukuba iiseli ze-immune zinamaqela amaninzi okuphuhliswa, ukuhlukana kunye nokukhula. Ukuba unake wafunda ukuphuhliswa kweeseli zegazi, okanye i-hematopoiesis , uyazi ukuba akuyinto elula - kukho izigaba ezininzi kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli ezifayo.
Kwimeko yeengcingo zegazi ezifana ne- leukemia okanye i-lymphoma , iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe zomhlaza okanye i-lymphocytes zihamba ngendlela 'ezahluke ngayo'. Xa umdlavuza uvela, ihlala "ishiya" iseli - kunye nayo yonke inzala yayo yomhlaza - kwinqanaba lokuphuhliswa apho umhlaza waqala khona.
Amaseli ahlukileyo ahlukeneyo anokufana nokubonakala kweeseli zangaphambili ezivela kuzo, kodwa azinako ukwenza yonke imisebenzi ekulindeleke kwii-cell cell immune. Iiseli ezingafani kakuhle zivuthiwe, zikwazi ukukhula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo ziyakwazi ukunyuka kwi-chemotherapy.
Iifestile ezahlukileyo ngokucacileyo zifana neeseli ezivuthiweyo kwaye ke zihlala zihlula kwaye zikhula ngokukhawuleza. Iiseli ezinobungozi ezihluke kakhulu, njengabo baqhelekileyo, zivame ukukhula ngokukhawuleza.
Kwezinye iimeko, ulwazi malunga nokwahlukana lunokuchaphazela ukuhlengahlengiswa kwaye kwazisa isigqibo sokwenza unyango. Ngokubanzi, "ukwahlukana kakuhle" kuguqulela umhlaza wesikolo esiphantsi, ngelixa "ukungafani kakuhle" kuguqulwa kumgangatho ophezulu.
Ukwahlukana kunye nokuHlelwa kweCarcer Blood
Iinkqubo ezininzi zezigaba ziye zasetyenziselwa i-cancer yegazi ngaphezulu kweminyaka.
Inkqubo yokuhlengahlengiswa kwangoku, udidi lwe-World Health Organisation (WHO) ka-2008, ithatha izinto ezahlukeneyo kwiingxelo ukwenzela ukuchonga uhlobo lokungahambi kakuhle, kunye nokwahlukana ngenye yezi zinto.
Xa kunokwenzeka, ezi zigwenxa zihlelwa "ngelo" yazo:
- I-Myeloid neoplasms
- I-Lymphoid neoplasms
- I-histiocytic / dendritic neoplasms
Ukwahlukana phakathi kwimiqolo nganye kubalulekile. Ngokomzekelo, i-lymphomas yile khansela ye-lymphocytes, ewela kumgca we-lymphoid neoplasm . Kukho ii-lymphocyte ze-B kunye ne-T lymphocytes. Masithi uyazi ukuba umhlaza wakho ngumgca we-B lymphocytes, okanye i- B-cell lymphoma .
Ngoko unako ukufumana i-cell cell i-lymphomas ezivuthiweyo , ezihambelana nezigaba eziqhelekileyo zophuhliso lweeseli kunye nokukhula. Ungakwazi nokuba ne- precursor B i-lymphoblastic leukemia / i-lymphomas - ezi ziinkombela zeeseli ezifayo ezizibophezele ukuba zibe ngamalungu entsapho yaseB-cell.
Ulwahlulo kunye neNyango yeCarcer Cancer
I-lymphoma engafanelekanga isenokukhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye ibe ne-chemotherapy ejoliswe ngokukhawuleza isahlulo esahlukileyo.
Omnye umzekelo wokwahlukana onokusetyenziswa kwisigulane sogulane kwenzeka kwi-leukemia ye-promyelocytic, okanye i-APL. Le ntsholongwane ihluke kwezinye iindidi ze-AML ngeendlela ezibalulekileyo. Omnye wabo kukuba, xa i-APL iseli ichithwa kunye ne-chemotherapy, ikhulula iiprotheni ezinokubangela ukuba i-body-clotting systems ihambe ngaphandle kokulawula, leyo ingaba yingozi.
Oososayensi bafumene ukuba i-APL iiseli zinokukhatyathwa ukuba zitshintshelwe zibe ngamaseli avuthiyo avuthiweyo ngamachiza athile. Ekubeni le coaxing ikwahlukana ngokwenene, la machiza abizwa ngokuba ngabahlukeneyo. Ekubeni i-immature blasts ayifani nelo hlobo lonyango, iprotheni eyingozi yona ihlala ngaphakathi kweeseli, kwaye inkqubo yokuqhawula ingaphumeleli ekulawuleni.
Ukuhlaziywa ngoFebruwari 2016, iTI.
Imithombo:
Vardiman JW, Thiele J, DA Arber, et al. Uhlaziyo lwe-World Health Organisation (WHO) lwe-World Health Organisation (WHO) ngo-2008 kunye ne-acute leukemia: iinguqu ezibalulekileyo kunye nezinguqu ezibalulekileyo. Igazi. 2009; 114: 937.
American Cancer Society. Ezinye iziyobisi kwi-leukemia ekhangayo. Finyelela ngoFebruwari 2016.
IGribbon, J., Loescher, L. Biology yeCarcer eYarbro, C., Frogge, M., Goodman, M., Groenwald, S. (2000) Ubuncwane beCancer: Imigaqo kunye ne-5 Ed Jones kunye noBartlett: Sudbury, MA . iphe. 17- 35.