Isitrato sisinikeza iMephu yeNdlela, Akunzima-kwaye-iMigqaliselo
Kukho izigaba ezithandathu zomhlaza ongqambileyo , ukususela kwisigaba 0 ukuya kwisigaba se-4, ezibhekiselelwe ukusixelela ukuba kunye / okanye nokuba kude kangakanani ukusazeka. Isigaba sesi-4 sisona sigaba esiphezulu kakhulu, esithetha ukuba umhlaza usasazeke (i-metastasized) ngaphaya kwekolon okanye i-rectum kwezinye izitho ezifana nemiphunga okanye isibindi.
Nangona isigaba somhlaza wesi-4 sivakala ngokukrakra, sichaza isifo esipheleleyo kunye nokungalawulwa, ngaba oko kuthetha oko?
Kwaye, ngokubaluleke ngakumbi, eli gama lisetyenziswa njani kumhlaza ochanekileyo ngokukodwa?
Izigaba zeSigaba 4 ICrorectal Cancer
Umdlavuza wesi-4 wesigxina ngokuyinhloko utyunjwa. Nangona isitsho ukuba umhlaza usuqhubile phambili, awusitsheli ukuba ubude kangakanani nokuba bunzima kangakanani iimvumi okanye akunako.
Ngenxa yoko, sisebenzisa inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-TNM ehlola iimeko ezifana nokukhula kwe-tumor (T), ukubandakanyeka kwe-lymph node (N), kunye ne-metastasis (M). Inkqubo ilula kakhulu ukuyichaza njengoko ilawulwa ngumgaqo owodwa olula: phezulu kwinani okanye kwileta, isifo esiphezulu kakhulu.
Ngokwemetastasis (M) , siyibeka njengenye yezinto ezimbini:
- I-M1a , oku kuthetha ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kwelinye iqumrhu
- I-M1b , oku kuthetha ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kwiqela elingaphaya kwelinye
Ngoxa i-M1b iya kubonakala iyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba akukho M1a okanye iM1b esitshela izinto ezibalulekileyo ezibalulekileyo: ingaba i-tumor yangempela ikhule ngeendonga zekholoni okanye i-rectum, nokuba ingaba i-lymph nodes ifuthe okanye cha.
Ukuqhathanisa i-Tumor ne-Lymph Node Ukubandakanya
Bobabini i-tumor kunye nokubandakanyeka kwe-lymph node kubalulekile ekusinceda sihlolisise isiphumo (ukuchazwa) kwesi sifo kunye naluphi ukhetho olunokuthi lufumaneke kuthi.
Ukwahluleka kokuhlambalaza kwindlela ekude ngayo i-tumor yokuqala, xa kunjalo, ngaphaya kwekholoni okanye i-rectum.
Ngokwahlukileyo, i-lymph node (enye yeendlela zokuhluthwa kwegazi lethu) lisitsho ukuba umdlavuza unakho okanye ungasasazeka kangakanani.
Ngokwe-tumor yokuqala (T) , sichaza ukukhula kwi-T1 ukuya kwi-T4:
- I-T1 ithetha ukuba i-tumor iye yangena kumgca we-mucosal wekolon okanye i-rectum kodwa ayikho imisipha.
- I-T2 ithetha ukuba i-tumor iye yangena kwi-mucosal ungqimba kwaye iya kwi-outer layer.
- I-T3 ithetha ukuba ngoku idlula ngaphaya kwe-muscle ukuya kwinqanaba elingaphandle kodwa alizange lingene kuyo.
- I-T4a ithetha ukuba uye wangena kwi-colon okanye kwi-rectum kodwa ayizange ifake izicubu okanye izitho eziseduze.
- I-T4b ithetha ukuba uye wangena kwi-colon okanye i-rectum kwaye iye yahlasela izicubu okanye izitho eziseduze.
Ngokubandakanyeka kwe-lymph node (N) , sinokuluhlu ngalolu hlobo phakathi kwe-N0 ne-N3:
- I-N0 ithetha ukuba akukho mhlaza kwii-lymph nodes eziseduze.
- I-N1 ithetha umhlaza mhlawumbi kwi-lymph node eseduze (i-N1a), ezimbini ukuya kweyesithathu ezikufuphi i-lymph nodes (N1b), okanye akukho zilwanyana ezikufuphi ezikufuphi kodwa kunokuba iiseli ezinamafutha azungezile (N1c).
- I-N2 ithetha ukuba umdlavuza phakathi kwezine ukuya kweyesithandathu, kufuphi ne-lymph nodes (N2a) okanye i-lymph nodes ezisekufutshane (N2b) okanye ezisixhenxe.
UkuGcina Isigaba 4 ICrorectal Cancer
Xa i-oncologist yakho ikwazi ukuqoqa zonke ezi zihlukileyo - i-"T," "N," kunye ne "M" - unokukwazi ukwenza isigaba sesi sifo.
Ngokubhekiselele kumgca wesine umhlaza we-colorectal, oku kusishiya enye yeendlela ezimbini:
- Isigaba 4a sithetha ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kwi-colon okanye kwi-rectum ukuya kwelinye iqumrhu okanye isethi esikude se-lymph nodes.
- Isigaba 4b sithetha ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kwiqela elingaphaya kwelinye, isethi eside kude se-lymph nodes, okanye ibhande lesisu esiswini.
Imephu yeNdlela Emva kokucwangcisa
Nangona i-stage inikela ngolwazi oluninzi, ayithethi nto enye into enye. Akunjalo, umzekelo, usitshele indlela enkulu ngayo i-tumor yangempela - ukuba yayingakanani umnquma okanye ubukhulu beqabile. Kwakungafanelanga ukuba iingxaki zokuba zine-lymph nodes ezichaphazelekayo zibi ngaphezu kwezine.
Ekugqibeleni, imeko nganye iyahlukileyo, kwaye isiteji sisinika kuphela imephu yendlela ebonisa ngayo imifanekiso. Cinga nje ngokuba nekhampasi esichaza ngendlela efanelekileyo.
Ngokuxhomekeka kwizinto ezizimeleyo, isigaba somhlaza wesi-4 esingaqhelekanga singabandakanyeka ukukhankanya (ukucima ummandla wekoloni yomhlaza kwaye uphinde uphinde uphumelele kwimiphumo ephilileyo). I-Chemotherapy kunye / okanye i- radiation ziqhelekileyo kuxhomekeke kumlinganiselo wokubandakanyeka kwe-lymph node.
Ngaphandle kokulindeleka kobomi, izinto ezininzi zinokuchaphazela amazinga okuphila. Indawo yokuxhamla, ubungakanani besisu, ubudala bomntu, impilo jikelele, kunye nezinto ezifana nokufikelela kwiinkonzo zempilo kunye nesimo sengqondo ngasinye sinendima ekunqumeni ukuba umntu unokuphila ixesha elingakanani .
Ukuthetha ngokuqhelekileyo, umntu onomdlavuza wesigcawu wesine kwinqanaba elinesibini uye waba nethuba lokuhlala iminyaka emihlanu edluleyo, kunye nokunye okugqithiseleyo kulo mfanekiso. Oko oku kusitshoyo kukuba isigaba somhlaza wesi-4, nangona kunjalo sixinzeleleka, asinakujongwa njengesigwebo sokufa. Ekugqibeleni, enye into eyahlula umhlaza wakho kwabanye abanye nguwe . Wena kunye nawe wedwa.
Ngoko umgca wolu hlobo: musa ukuvumela isigaba sesifo ukuba sivale. Fumana inkxaso kwaye uthathe amanyathelo okuzigcina unempilweni kwaye uqine nayiphi na inkatho yokhetho ojongene nayo. Thatha isinyathelo esinye ngexesha.
> Umthombo:
> I-American Cancer Society. "Izigaba zeCarrectal Cancer". Atlanta, Georgia; ihlaziywe ngoMatshi 2, 2017.