Ubungqina bobugqirha bobugqirha lixesha le-ambulula kunoma yimuphi utyando olwenziwe ngabagqithisi okanye abantu abangafaniyo ngokwesini ukusetyenziswa ukulungelelanisa imizimba yabo kwisini sabo. Ubungqina bobugqirha bobugcisa buyaziwa ngamanye amagama aquka ukulungiswa kobulili, ukuhlinzwa ngokutsha ngokwesini kunye nokuguqulwa kwesondo.
Nangona ukuhlinzwa ngokutsha kwezesini kunye nokuguqulwa kwesondo kuyimiqathango engaziwayo, ayinayo imigaqo ekhethwa ngamalungu amaninzi asekuhlaleni.
Ngoba? Ukuhlinzwa ngokutsha kwesini kubonisa ukuba utyando lutshintsha ubulili bomntu, xa ngokuqinisekileyo lulungelelanisa umzimba kumntu wesini. Utshintsho lwezesondo luyinto engaphelelwanga njengekota, kwaye iza neembali ezinengxaki. Nangona kunjalo, yonke le migaqo iyasetyenziswa kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo.
Ukufikeleleka kunye nenomdla kwiNgcaciso yokuFunyezwa koBani
Akuzona zonke i-transgender, ezingezona zobunqamle, kunye ne-gender queer abantu abafuna ukuhlinzwa ukuze balungelelanise imizimba yabo kwisini sabo. Abanye abantu banelisekile kwiinketho zentlalo okanye zonyango. Abanye bafuna enye okanye ngaphezulu ukuhlinzwa , kodwa banakho okanye abanako ukufikelela kubo. Uphando olunzulu lwesizwe lwabantu abaphula umthetho lufumene ukuba:
- Amaphesenti angama-55 abafazi be-transgender babenayo okanye bafuna i-neovaginoplasty (ukudalwa kwesini)
- Amaphesenti angama-44 amabhinqa angama-transgender ayenayo okanye ayefuna ukunyuka kwebele
- Iipesenti ezingama-45 zabafazi be-transgender babenabo okanye babefuna ubuso besifazane
- Iipesenti ezingama-33 zabafazi be-transgender babenayo okanye befuna ukuthunga i-tracheal shave
- Amaphesenti angama-49 amabhinqa angama-transgender ayenayo okanye ayifuna i-orchiectomy (ukususwa kwee-testes)
- Amaphesenti angama-22 e-transgender amadoda ayenayo okanye ayefuna i-phalloplasty (ukudala i-penis)
- Amaphesenti angama-27 e-transgender amadoda ayenayo okanye ayefuna i-metoidoplasty / metaidoioplasty (ukuhlinzwa ukutshintsha ukuma kwe-clitoris kumntu olinganisa isikhundla se-penis)
- Amaphesenti angama-97 e-transgender amadoda ayenayo okanye afuna ukubuyiswa kwesifuba okanye i-mastectomy
- Amaphesenti angama-71 eendoda ze-transgender ayenayo okanye ayifuna i- hysterectomy
Iindleko ngenye yezizathu ezibalulekileyo abantu abaye banciphisa ukufikeleleka kokungqinelana ngokwesini. Ngokomlando, le nkqubo ayizange ifakwe kwiinkampani zorhwebo zenkampani yomshuwalense okanye yabucala . Ngethamsanqa, oko kuyatshintsha. Ngoku kukho inani leenkampani zomshuwalense zikarhulumente kunye nezangasese ezikhupha ezinye, okanye zonke, ukhetho lokuqhawula ubulili. Ngelishwa, loo mpahla ihlala ihamba neeninzi zeehitshi ukuxhamla izigulane ezinomdla. Akwafumaneki kubo bonke abantu kuwo onke amazwe.
Enye into ebalulekileyo ekunciphiseni ukufikelela ekutyunjweni yinani elincinci loogqirha abaqeqeshwe ukwenza le misebenzi. La oogqirha, ngokukodwa abo bafumana amava, bavame ukukhishwa kwiinyanga okanye iminyaka ngaphambili. Ukongeza, abaninzi babo abawuthathi inshuwalense. Ngethamsanqa, njengokuba i- inshorensi yokuxhaswa kobulili isiqinisekiso sokunyuka kwenyuka, ngokunjalo unomdla ugqirha ekuqeqesheni. Kukho ubuncinane ubuncinane abaqeqeshi bebhedlele abafundisayo ekwenzeni i-neovaginoplasty. Kungcono, bayamkela i-inshorensi yokuhlawula inkqubo.
Ekugqibeleni, kukho imbali ende yokubandlulula kunye nokunciphisa ukukhawulelana nokugqithiswa kwezigulane ze-patient.
IiNkampani zeInshshurensi kunye namaZiko okuNakekela
Kukho uninzi lwee-operesheni ezahlukeneyo zokuba abantu banomdla kwi-gender alignment okanye isiqinisekiso. Kukho izikhokelo ezicacileyo zokufumana uvavanyo ngalunye. Nangona kunjalo, njengomgaqo-jikelele, abaninzi bomshuwalense baphendukela kwii-Standards of Care of WPATH njengesikhokelo sokuqinisekisa ukufaneleka koqeqesho.
I-WPATH isichazi sombutho we-World Professional Association we-Transgender Health. Eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni njengoHarry Benjamin Society, i-WPATH ayinakuphikisana.
Ngokomlando, iimfuno ze-WPATH zikhuthaze ukuba ziphi amalungu amaninzi asekuhlaleni ekubhekiselele kuwo. Ukugcinwa Kwamasango kubhekisela kwimfuno yokuba abantu abaphambukayo bafumana uncedo oluninzi lweyeza kunye / okanye uvavanyo lwengqondo ngaphambi kokuba bavunyelwe ukuba batshintshe ngokusungulwa kwezonyango. Ezi zikhundla zokubonelela ngempilo yabanikeli njengabagcini bamasango abafunekayo ukuvula ukufikelela ekunyamekelweni.
Abaqhubi, abaphandi kunye namalungu asekuhlaleni baye bachaza ngokuchanekileyo ukuba le nqanaba lokuhlola ayifunekanga kwezinye iingcali ezinkulu. Ngokomzekelo, abantu abafunwa ukuba bafune ukucebisa ngaphambi kokuba bafumane olunye uphando lweplastiki. Ngaloo ndlela, kukho imigaqo esemthethweni malunga nokuba ngaba izikhokelo zibonisa ukuchasana nabantu abasebenzisa i-transgender endaweni yeendlela ezifanelekileyo zezempilo.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba imilinganiselo ye-WPATH yokunakekelwa iyilungile okanye ayiyiyo, izikhokelo ezinokulandelwa kwemibutho emikhulu. Enyanisweni, yiyo kuphela yesikhokelo sokunakekelwa ngokusemthethweni esamkelwa ngokubanzi ngabantu baseburhulumenteni kunye ne-inshurensi. Ngethamsanqa, i-WPATH ihlaziya uphando lwabo kunye neenkqubo zonyango rhoqo kwiminyaka emihlanu ukuya kweyishumi. Ngokubanzi, le migangatho yenkathalo iyancipha ixesha elide. Oku kubonisa ukukhula kokwahlukana kwezesini kuluntu. Ingcaciso engezantsi isekelwe kwinqanaba 7 lemigangatho yononophelo, epapashwe ngo-2011.
Qaphela: Abanye abatshutshisi bangaba neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokufunda. Kulabo bazimisele ukubonelela ngeenkonzo kodwa bengenawo umgaqo-nkqubo, bacebisa ukuba inkampani ihlolisise imilinganiselo ye-WPATH yokunyamekela ingaba yindawo efanelekileyo yokuqala. Khumbula ukuba imilinganiselo yenkathalo yikhokelo-leyo ichaza ngokucacileyo ukuba kufanelekile ukuguqula iikhrayitheriya kuxhomekeke kwimeko.
Imigangatho Yokunyamekela Ukubuyiswa Kwesifuba (iTransmasculine) okanye Ukunyuka kweBesterment (Transfeminine)
- Ukuphikelela, ukuchaneka kakuhle kwezesini zesifo se-dysphoria
- Ikhono lokwenza isigqibo esinolwazi kunye nemvume yokonyango
- Naliphina iimeko ezibalulekileyo zonyango okanye zempilo kufuneka "zilawulwe kakuhle."
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba unyango lwe-hormone aludingeki kulezi zonyango, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-colloquially ngokuthi "uphando oluphezulu." Unyaka we-hormone uncetyiswa ngabafazi be-transgender, njengoko oku kwenza ukuba bafumane ubuninzi bokukhula kwebele ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa. Oku, kwakhona, kuphucula iziphumo zophando.
Kuba bantu be-transgender, akukho mfuneko yehommone okanye isincomo. Oku kungenxa yokuba kukho inani le-transmasculine abantu abahlala besifo esibuhlungu besifuba. Kwakhona kuba kukho izizathu ezininzi, zombini ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo, kutheni abantu bakhetha ukuhlinzwa ngokugqithiseleyo ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwehommone.
Imigangatho yokunyamekela i-Orchiectomy, Hysterectomy, ne-Ovariectomy
- Ukuphikelela, ukuchaneka kakuhle kwezesini zesifo se-dysphoria
- Ikhono lokwenza isigqibo esinolwazi kunye nemvume yokonyango
- Nayiphi na imeko ebalulekileyo yezokwelapha okanye yengqondo kufuneka "ilawulwe kakuhle."
- Iinyanga ezi-12 eziqhubekayo zonyango olufanelekileyo lwe-hormone, ngaphandle kokuba kukho izizathu zokuthi kungani isiguli singenako okanye asiyi kuthatha ama-hormone. Injongo yesi sikhokelo kukuba izigulane zikwazi ukutshintsha utshintsho lwama-hormone ngaphambi kokuba zingenakwenzeka.
Utyando lokususa i-gonads (iimvavanyo, ii-ovari) kwaye isisu singenziwa ngokwabo, kunye nakwezinye iinkqubo zokutyunjwa kwezesini. Ukususa i-gonads yodwa kunenzuzo yokunciphisa inani le-hormone yesini-yesondo efuna ukufumana iziphumo.
Ukususa isibeleko kunye / okanye umlomo wesibeleko kususa isidingo sokuhlola ezo zitho. Ezi zihlolo zovavanyo zibangelwa i-dysphoria kunye neentlungu kumadoda amaninzi e-transgender.
Imigangatho yokunyamekela i-Neovaginoplasty, iPhalloplasty, okanye iMetoidoplasty / iMetaidoioplasty
- Ukuphikelela, ukuchaneka kakuhle kwezesini zesifo se-dysphoria
- Ikhono lokwenza isigqibo esinolwazi kunye nemvume yokonyango
- Nayiphi na imeko ebalulekileyo yezokwelapha okanye yengqondo kufuneka "ilawulwe kakuhle."
- Iinyanga ezili-12 eziqhubekayo zonyango olufanelekileyo lwe-hormone, ngaphandle kokuba kukho izizathu zokuthi kungani isiguli singenako okanye asiyi kuthatha ama-hormone
- Iinyanga ezili-12 eziqhubekayo zokuhlala kwindoda yesini ehambelana nolwazi lwabo ngokwesini
Leli qela lophando lusetyenziselwa ukwakha i-genitalia ehambelana nesigulana ngesini sesigulane. Imfuno yonyaka wokuphila kwindalo yesini kuba ngaba oogqirha bakholelwa ukuba ixesha elaneleyo lokuba abantu bahlengahlengise indima yabo yesini phambi kokuba baqhutywe utyando olunzima, olubizayo kwaye olungenakuguquka.
Ngenxa yokunyamekela ngokomzimba nangokwemvakalelo yale misebenzi, kucetyiswa kakhulu ukuba izigulane ezizicingayo zihambela rhoqo ngeengcali zengqondo okanye zonyango. Ukunyamekela ezi zonyango kunokuba nzima kakhulu kwaye kunzima. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kubafazi be-transgender abanembali yokuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo, apho ukuhluthwa kungadinga inkxaso eninzi. Ukuhlaziya rhoqo kuyadingeka emva kokudalwa kwe-neovagina ukuphepha iingxaki.
ImiGangatho yoLondolozo lweNtsholongwane yobunjineli besifazane
Akukho zikhokelo ezisemthethweni zobungqina bobubele besisu. Kuye kunzima kakhulu ukufumana le nkqubo ikhutshwe yi-inshurensi, ngenxa yokungabikho kophando ngezibonelelo. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu baye bakwazi ukugubungela ngempumelelo ngokubambisana nokuba kunyanzelekile kwimpilo njengokwenziwa komzimba kunye neempembelelo ezilinganayo kumgangatho wobomi.
Ukuqonda iMibhalo efunekayo yiMigangatho yoNonophelo
Ukubonakalisa ukuba umntu "uqhubeka, uxwebhu olufanelekileyo lwengqondo yesini" ludinga ukuba kubhalwe incwadi evela kumniki-nkonzo wengqondo ethi umntu uhlangabezane nemigqaliselo yecalaphoria kunye nobude bexesha eliye linyani. Le ileta kaninzi iqulethe ingxelo yeembali zesigulane ngesigulane-kwiimilinganiselo ezahlukeneyo zeenkcukacha. Ukongeza, le leta kufuneka ibhekise ukuba umniki-nkonzo usebenze ixesha elingakanani nesigulane.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ezinye iimfuno zidinga iingxaki zempilo yengqondo kunye yengqondo ukuba zilawulwe kakuhle, ngelixa ezinye zifuna ukuba zilawulwe kakuhle. Uxwebhu oluqhelekileyo lukho uhlobo lwencwadi evela kumboneleli ochaphazelekayo. Le leta kufuneka iqulethe ulwazi malunga nembali yeso simo, ukuba imeko ilawulwa njani, kwaye ixesha elide udokotela asebenze ngayo nesigulane. Ngokufanelekileyo, amagama "alawulwa kakuhle" okanye "alawulwa kakuhle" kufuneka asetyenziswe kule leta, njengoko kufanelekile. Oku kwenza kube lula kubaboneleli kunye neenkampani zomshuwalense ukuchonga ukuba imimiselo yemigangatho yonyango idibene nayo.
Ingqalelo, iimeko zempilo yengqondo AKUNYE ukuphikisana nokutyunjwa kwezesini. Enyanisweni, le nkqubo iyakunceda ukuxazulula iimpawu kubantu abaninzi be-transgender kunye nabanye abane-dysphoria. Oku akuyiyo nje ukukhathazeka kunye nokudakumba kodwa kwiimeko ezinzulu ezifana neengqondo.
ILizwi
Ukufumana i-inshorensi yesigxina sokuqinisekisa ubulili kungenziwa yinkqubo ephazamisayo. Inokukunceda ukuba ulungele kunye nekopi ye-WPATH izikhokelo kunye nawaphi na amaphepha afanelekileyo okuphanda ukuxhasa iinjongo zakho. Oku kunjalo ngokwenene ukuba zibandakanya ukuhlinzwa ngaphandle kwezinye ezibhalwe ngentla.
Ukongeza, kungenokuba yinto efanelekileyo yokufikelela kwiziko lezempilo le-LGBT langaphakathi, ukuba unayo, uncedo. Amanqanaba empilo amaninzi ngoku aqeshe abahambi bezithuthi zabangama-transgender abanamava amaninzi ngenkqubo yomshuwalense. Baya kuba luncedo olukhulu, njengokuba banakho inkxaso yabasebenzi kwiofisi yakho yovulindlela-ukuba unayo. Ekugqibeleni, imibutho yezomthetho ye-LGBTQ yecandelo lezomthetho idla ngokuphindaphindiweyo imizila yokunceda okanye iiyure zokufikelela apho abantu banokufuna ulwazi.
> Imithombo:
> UTinsworth TA, uSpiegel JH. Ubunjani bobomi babantu kunye nabangaphandle kokuhlinzwa kwesisu okanye ukuhlinzwa ngokutsha kwesini. Qual Life Res. 2010 Sep; 19 (7): 1019-24. i-doi: 10.1007 / s11136-010-9668-7.
> James, SE, Herman, JL, Rankin, S., Keisling, M., Mottet, L., & Anafi, M. (2016). Ingxelo ye-US Transgender Survey ka-2015. I-Washington, DC: Iziko likaZwelonke loLingana kweTransgender.
> Meijer JH, Eeckhout GM, van Vlerken RH, de Vries AL. Ubulili besifo se-Dysphoria kunye ne-Co-existing Psychosis: Ukubuyiselwa kunye neMimiselo emine yeZiphumo zoNyango oluQinisekileyo lweSini. LGBT zeMpilo. 2017 kuMatshi; 4 (2): 106-114. i-doi: 10.1089 / lgbt.2016.0133.
> Ukuhlaziywa kweeNkcukacha zeHlabathi kwiTransgender Health (2011). ImiGangatho yokuThatha iMpilo yeTranssexual, Transgender, kunye neGender People Notconforming. Version 7. www.wpath.org