Izixhobo eziphambili zogonyamelo, ezifana neepende zepende, zisetyenziswe kwinani elikhulu lama shishini kunye neeprojekthi zokuphucula ekhaya. Ezinye zezi zixhobo ezixinzelelekileyo zineempophiso ezenza upende, ioli, okanye iikhemikhali kwisixhobo esinjenge-gun. Ngoxa ichanekile kwaye isebenza kakuhle, ezi zixhobo zingabangela ukulimala kakhulu, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo ukuxhatshazwa akubonakali kunzima njengoko kunjalo.
Ukulimala okuPhezulu okuKhuselekileyo
Uninzi lwale nzakala lubangelwa ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ngabasebenzi okanye ukuphucula amakhaya aBafundi, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka ngexesha lokucoca okanye ukucima isitshixo esikhulelweyo esivela kwisibhamu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukulimala akukhange kubonakale kunzima, inxeba elincinci elincinci. Phantse zonke zenzeke esandleni, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo kwiphondo lomunwe.
Uxinzelelo lwale nzalo yenzakalo lunokufika kwi-10 000 ye-PSI, kwaye umbane ophuma ngaphandle kwesiqalo sompu udla ngokuhamba kwi-400 MPH. Oku kubangela ukuba iikhemikhali eziqhekezayo, ezivame ukuxhalabisa, zikhutshwe ngamandla kwisandla nangomunwe, Ukulimala kwintonga yomnwe kunokunyanzelisa upende, ugesi, okanye ezinye iikhemikhali, yonke indlela eya entendeni yesandla.
Umphumo weekhemikhali ezijonge ngamandla zidala iingxaki ezininzi. Ukongeza kokulimala kokuqala, kukho ukulimala okwenyuka komzimba, odla ngokulandelwa ngusulelo. Ngoko ke, ukulimala kudla ngokukhohlisa kuzo zombini izigulane kunye noogqirha abangaqhelekanga ngolu hlobo lwenkinga.
Ekuqaleni, ukulimala kubonakala ngathi i-poke hole kwi-tip yomnwe, kodwa ngaphandle kokunyangwa ngonyawo, kunokubangela isidingo sokutsalwa .
Amachiza amaninzi ahlukeneyo angatholakala kwiiphene ezixinzelelekileyo eziphambili, kunye nepeyinti, igrisi, i-hydraulic fluid, kunye nopende.
Ubume bentsholongwane ejoyiweyo luya kumisela ubunzima bokulimala kweekhemikhali. Ngokomzekelo, ukulimala kwe-injection injini kumnwe kudinga ukutshatyalaliswa kwisigxina sazo zonke iimeko ezichaziweyo, ngelixa ukulimala kwepenji kwenzelwe umtsalane kumphumo wesinxeba ekugqibeleni ngaphantsi kwe-10% yexesha.
Ukunyangwa koKhuselo lokuNgeniswa
Ukulimala ngokunyanga okunyanzelekileyo kunobunzima ukuqaphela kwaye ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuxilongwa ngabazigulane kunye noogqirha. Emva kokulimala kokuqala, umonakalo omncinci wokungena ubonakala, kodwa kunokubakho intlungu okanye akukho ntlungu, kwaye izigulane ezininzi zinokuhamba kakuhle kwezandla kunye neminwe. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko ixesha lidlulayo, kunye nokuvuvukala kunye nokucaphuka kwamakhemikhali kwanda, iimpawu ziba nzima. Uphulo oluphuthumayo lufanelekileyo, kodwa ngokukhawuleza kukho ukulibaziseka ekwenzeni ukuxilongwa. Ixesha eliqhelekileyo elidlulayo phakathi kokulimala kunye nokuxilongwa li-9 iiyure, kwaye abanye bathatha ixesha elide ukuba bafikelele kwiinkcukacha ezifanelekileyo zonyango.
Xa sele kufumaniswe ukulimala kwe-injection high-pressure, isinyathelo esilandelayo sisoloko siqhubeka nokuhlinzwa ukuba sihlambulule ikhemikhali esandleni okanye ngomunwe. Kwezinye iimeko ezinqabileyo, umzekelo, amanzi amaninzi okuxinzelelo okanye ukulimala kwebhamu, ukuvulwa kungagwenywa ngaphandle kokuba umlongwe ukhangele umonakalo obangela ukuba igazi linikezelwe kwiisisu (imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi- compartment syndrome ).
Xa utyando lwenziwa, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba kude kangakanani na indawo yokuqhawula iikhemikhali zingahamba xa zijojowe phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu. Ummandla wonke wokungcola uvuliwe kwaye uyahlanjwa. Ngokuqhelekileyo iziganeko ezishiywe zivulekile ukuvumela ukulawulwa kwesilonda.
Ngokuxhomekeka kwinqanaba lokungcola, amayeza angasetyenziswa ekunciphiseni ubunzima beengxaki. I-Steroids , imishanguzo enamandla echasayo, ingalawulwa ukunceda ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala. Ama-antibiotics amaninzi alawulwa ukukhusela usulelo.
Ukuxhamla emva kokulimala
Njengoko kubonisiwe, kukho izinto ezininzi ezichaphazela ubunzima bokulimala, kubaluleke kakhulu kubonakala ngathi yinto ejoyiweyo emzimbeni.
Ukunyangwa okukhawulezileyo kunye nokukhawuleza okuxhatshazwayo okucatshulwayo kubonwa ukuba kubalulekile. Nangona kukho unyango, ithuba lokufuna ukuchithwa kwelokukhupha lisebalulekileyo. Ukongezelela, iingxaki ezibandakanya ukuqina kunye nentlungu eqhubekayo iqhelekileyo.
Imithombo:
I-Wei DH kunye ne-Rosenwasser MP "Ukulimala okuphezulu kwe-Injection kwi-Hand" J Am Acad Orthop Surgery ngoJanuwari 2014; 22: 38-45. A