Uhlalutyo lwemvelo yindlela yokuba izazinzulu zikhangele iimpembelelo ezinkulu zamanqanaba angenelelo ngoncedo lwempilo yabantu. Kule ntlobo yophando, abaphandi bahlola impilo yabantu ngaphambi nangemva kwesiganeko esithile. Ngokomzekelo, ukuhlalutya kwezinto eziphilayo kudlalwa kwidatha eqokelelwe ngaphambi nangemva kokusungulwa kweprogram yokugonywa kazwelonke.
Zingenziwa kwakhona emva kokungenelela kwezempilo ezinkulu.
Ukuhlalutya kwezinto eziphilayo kubhekiselele kwimpilo yabantu, kungekhona ngabanye. Zizisekelwe kubalo beenkalo zabantu kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo aziqwalasela ngokuthe ngqo imeko yongenelelo lwabantu ngabanye. Ngako-ke, isifundo sezinto eziphilayo esibheke kwizinga elingaqhelekanga le-Pap smear ngaphambi nangemva kokuba inkqubo yokugonywa kwe-HPV iqaliswe yonke i- HPV ayiyi kukhangela ukuba ngaba umntu othile wayegonywe. Esikhundleni salo, bekuza kubonakala nje ukukhawuleza kweziphumo ezingavumelekanga kwiminyaka ngaphambi kokuba emva kokuba emva kokugonywa.
Nangona ukuhlalutya kwendalo kungakuncedo ekujongeni iimpembelelo zokungenelela kwamanani amakhulu, ziyancitshiswa ngenxa yokuba abakwazi ukubheka isizathu kunye nempumelelo kubantu. Kubalulekile ukuthatha le ngqalelo xa uguqulela iziphumo zabo.
Uhlalutyo lwezinto eziphilayo aluphelelanga uphando malunga nemiphumo yokungenelela kwezempilo.
Zingasetyenziselwa ukuhlalutya umphumo weenguqu zezopolitiko okanye ezendalo kunye neentlekele zemvelo kwimpilo okanye ukuvavanya iziphumo ezingezizo zezempilo. Uluhlu olucacileyo lwesicwangciso sokuhlalutya kwendalo kukuba i-unit unit analysis is population, not individual.
Kwaziwa nangokuthi: ukufundelwa kwendalo
U mzekelo
Ucwaningo lwezinto eziphilayo luye lwasetyenziselwa ukuphikisa ukuhlanganiswa okucetywayo phakathi kwe-autism kunye nokugonya kwe-MMR. Xa abaphandi bahlolisise amazinga e-autism ngaphambi nangemva kokuqaliswa kweenkqubo zokugoma (okanye ngaphambi nangemva kokuba isitofu sokugonywa esetshenzisiwe satshintshiwe) ababonanga ukulungiswa phakathi kwe-autism kunye nokugonywa. Kunoko, kubonakala ukuba amazinga e-autism akhuphuke ngokukhawuleza ngexesha elide-mhlawumbi ngenxa yeenguqu kwiinkalo zokuxilonga kunye / okanye izinto ezingabonakali zendalo.
Omnye umzekelo wokuhlalutya kwendalo yinto ekhankanywe ngasentla - ukuhlola umphumo we- HPV wokugonywa kwi- Pap smear engaqhelekanga, okanye umhlaza wesibeleko , amazinga. Uphando oluninzi luyenzile oko, kumazwe anokufumana ukukhutshwa kwe-HPV ekhudlwana ebonakalayo e-United States. Uphando eNetherlands, e-Ngilani, nase-Australia libonise ukuncipha kwiimfazwe zesini kunye nokuguqulwa komhlaza wesibeleko.
Imithombo:
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U-Howell-Jones R, uSoldan K, Wetten S, uMesher D, Williams T, Gill ON, Hughes G. Ukunciphisa iiNtsholongwane zoBugcisa kwiintombi eziseNgilani ezinxulumene nokugonywa kwe-HPV 16/18: isifundo sezinto eziphilayo. J Disfect Dis. 2013 uNgo-1; 208 (9): 1397-403. i-doi: 10.1093 / infdis / jit361.
USandø N, uKofoed K, uZachariae C, J. J. Fouchard J. Iimeko ezincitshisiweyo zelizwe ezinobungqina be-anogenital kumadoda aseDanish nabasetyhini emva kokusungulwa kweprogram yokugoma ye-papillomavirus yabantwana abasetyhini-isifundo sezinto eziphilayo. Acta Derm Venereol. 2014 ngoMeyi; 94 (3): 288-92. i-doi: 10.2340 / 00015555-1721.