Uhlobo lweziyobisi kunye nombala wamehlo unokumisela ixesha
Ukudibanisa abafundi kwamehlo kunceda i-ophthalmologist ibone izakhiwo zangaphakathi, kuquka i-lens, i-nertic optics, imithwalo yegazi kunye ne-retina. Ukuxilwa kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwamaconsi athile okwezame ezithintela ukusikwa kwemisipha ejikeleze umfundi kwaye uvuselela izihlunu ukuze zivule.
Ukuxilwa kukubalulekileyo kwimeko yokuhlola isohlo , ukuvumela oogqirha ukuba bachonge baze baxilonge iingxaki zamehlo ezingenakubonwa ngenye indlela. I-American Academy ye-Ophthalmology okwangoku ikhuthaza ukuba abantu abadala baphumelele ukuhlolwa okunjalo ukususela kwiminyaka engama-40.
Ukuqonda Umfundi
Umfundi ufana nokugqithiswa kwekhamera kuba iya kuba enkulu okanye encinci, kuxhomekeke kukukhanya okufunekayo. Ukwenza oku, umfundi uya kuhamba ne- miosis , apho ukunyanzelwa komfundi kubangela ukuba ivalwe, okanye i- mydriasis , apho ukuhlanjululwa komfundi kuvumela ukuba ivule.
Ubungakanani bomfundi bulawulwa yinkqubo yesantya ebonisa uxolo (impendulo "yokulwa okanye indiza") kunye nenkqubo yentsholongwane ye-parasympathetic (impendulo ehambayo apho umzimba uphuhlisa imisebenzi ephezulu yamandla).
Ubungakanani bomfundi buyakushintsha ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi. Iyakwazi ukulungelelanisa kwimpendulo kwisixa sokukhanya esichazwe kuyo. Ingatshintsha kwakhona xa umntu evuyiswayo, njengokuphendula kwisicatshulwa ngokwesini, okanye ujamelana noxinzelelo lwengqondo. Kukholelwa ukuba impendulo okanye "inqwelo" yempembelelo yinto yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, ivumela ukukhanya okungakumbi kwijiso ukuze umzimba ungakwazi ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza kwiimeko ezinobungozi.
Ixesha eliqhelekileyo loLwazi lokuHlala
Ukuxilisa amehlo kwinqanaba eliphambili lokuhlola iso. Iquka ukulawulwa kwamathambeka amabini okanye amathathu alawulwa ngqo kwiso. Ngokuxhomekeke kwinto ugqirha ozama ukuyifumana kunye nendlela enkulu umfundi efuna ukuba ngayo, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamaconsi angasetyenziswa, kuquka:
- Phenylphrine
- Tropicamide
- Hydroxyamphetamine
- Cyclopentolate
- Atropine
Amaconsi amajoni afakwa kumabini omabili ukuze i-retina, i- macula , kunye ne-optic nerve ihlolwe ngokusesikweni ngokusebenzisa ukukhanya okugcinwe ngesandla nokukhupha i-lens. Nangona ukuhlanjululwa ngokwawo akubuhlungu, kungabonakali kakhulu xa iliso lingenalo indlela yokuzikhusela ekukhanyeni.
Emva kokuvavanywa kweso isohlwayo, abafundi bakho baya kuhlala bevulekile malunga neeyure ezintathu ukuya kwezine, ngamanye amaxesha. Eli xesha lihluka ngohlobo lwamaconsi asetyenziswayo, kunye nombala wamehlo akho. Ngokubanzi, amehlo anombala omnyama anamaxesha amancinci okwehliswayo, ngelixa amabala akhanyayo ahlala evulekile ukuya kwiiyure ezisibhozo.
Abantwana, okwangoku, bahlala bexutywa ngamaconsi anamandla ukuze kuphuculwe ukuchaneka koviwo. Akuqhelekanga ukuba abanye abantwana bavuke ekuseni emva kokuvavanywa nabafundi babo bavulekile.
Ukungaqhelekanga Ubude bexesha lokuPhucula umfundi
Uninzi, kodwa kungekhona onke, amaconsi abangela umphumo wecala obizwa nge- cycloplegia . I-Cycloplegia yindlela yokukhubazeka okwethutyana yemisipha evumela ukuba iso lijolise kwizinto eziseduze. Kwamanye abantu, esi siphumo singagcina iiyure. Kwabanye, kungathatha iintsuku eziliqela ukuba umboniso uqonde ngokupheleleyo.
Kukho imeko apho ugqirha uya kufuna ukuzenza nge-cycloplegia ngenjongo. Omnye umzekelo ongowasemncinci abantwana abasebenzisa indlela yokugxila kunamandla kangangokuba kubakho nzima ukulinganisa umbono wabo okanye impazamo yokuphika . Amaconsi aseCycloplegic angasetyenziselwa izifo zamehlo okanye ukukhathazeka okubangelwa ubuhlungu obukhulu kunye nobuzwe bokukhanya. Enye imeko enjalo ibizwa ngokuba yi- uveitis , ukuvuvukala komgca ophakathi kwiso (uvea).
Oogqirha bamehlo bezilwanyana bangaphinda bawasebenzise ukuphathwa kwimeko ebizwa ngokuba yindoda enobuqili apho umntwana eba nombono oncitshiswayo naziphi na izizathu. Ezi ntlobo zamaconsi zimiselwe ixesha elide ixesha, ukuya kwiinyanga eziliqela kwezinye iimeko.
Kubantu abaninzi, isiphumo esecaleni sinzima kodwa asixolisi. Ukujongana nombono ophazamisekileyo kunye novelwano ekukhanyeni, izibuko zelanga ezilahlwayo zihlala zibonelelwa ukunceda ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwexesha elifutshane. Ngokungafani nezibuko zelanga eziqhelekileyo, ezi zinto zivimba ukukhanya kwiphaya kwiphondo lamalensi kunye nangaphambili.
> Imithombo:
> Cunningham, E. noRiordan-Eva, uP. Vaughan & Asbury General Ophthalmology. (Uhlobo lwe-18). ENew York: I-McGraw-Hill Medical; 2011; ISBN 10: > 0071634207,
> I-National Eye Institute: iiNational Institutes of Health. "Luphi uvavanyo olujongeyo lwamehlo?" EBethesda, eMaryn; 2014.