Sizungezwe ngumbumba. Zininzi iintlobo zezibumba ezikhoyo kwendalo kwaye ininzi ayinobungozi kubantu, nangona amagama afana ne "mold mold syndrome" kunye ne "mold mold black" ziye zatshitshiswa kwiendaba. Enyanisweni, ukubunjwa kungabangela ukuba kugula kakhulu kulabo abanamasosha omzimba obuthathaka (okt immunocompromised).
Abantu abasebenza okanye bahlala kwizakhiwo kunye nomonakalo wamanzi maxa wambi bakhalaza "ngumbumba omnyama" okanye "isikhunta esinobuthi." Esikhundleni sokubunjwa sisifo esinetyhefu, mhlawumbi isikhunta sibiza ukunyuka.
Isibongo ngokuqhelekileyo sikhula emakhaya afumana umonakalo wamanzi. Okubaluleke kakhulu, izakhiwo ezinomonakalo wamanzi ziye zaboniswa zidibene nesifo sokwakhiwa kwezigulane , esibangela iimpawu ezingenakubumba ezifana ne-fever, ukukhathala, kunye neengcamango.
Yintoni Eyona Mold?
Igama elithi "ukubunjwa" libhekisela kwifungulu emininzi ekhulayo njengesiqulatho esakhiwe ngamafayili amancinci. Isibongo siyinxalenye yesangqa sobomi, kwaye sidiliza umba wokubola.
Nantsi iibhokhwe eziqhelekileyo ezifumaneka emakhaya nakwezinye izakhiwo:
- Alternaria
- Aspergillus
- Cladosporium
- Penicillium
Ubunzima obuqhelekileyo obungasetyenziswa ngaphakathi bubandakanya oku kulandelayo:
- Fusarium
- I-Stachybotrys
- Trichoderma
Ngokuqhelekileyo, isikhunta sikhula kwizakhiwo eziye zabangela umonakalo omkhulu wamanzi kwimvula, izikhukula, njalonjalo. Ubungqina buyakhula kwakhona kwizakhiwo eziqukethe izityalo ezinobumba okanye ezihlambulukileyo kunye nomchamo wezilwanyana.
Mold Allergy
Ukuqhagamshelana phakathi kwesikhunta kunye nesifo sokuphefumula kuye kwaba nomdla kwiminyaka emininzi.
Ngowe-1670, uJames Bolton waqala ukuxhomekeka kwikhonkco, kwaye, ngekhulu leshumi elinesithoba elineshumi elinesixhenxe, ezinye iingcali zenzululwazi zilandela. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, kukho ubungqina obaneleyo bobugcisa obwenziweyo okwenziwa ngabaninzi beeklinikhi ukuba isikhunta sinendima ekungabikho komzimba.
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zokubumba i-hayriver (ie ie rhinitis) kunye ne-asthma.
Abantu abanama-atopy basengozini ephezulu yokubumba i-allergies. I-Atopy ibhekisela kwiziganeko zofuzo ekuhlakuleleni izifo ezinjenge-asthma, eczema, kunye ne-rhinitis ye-allergen (oko kukuthi i-fever fever).
Abantu abaphikisayo kwi-mold bavame ukuhlaselwa kwezinye izinto, kuquka:
- Izilwanyana zezilwanyana
- Izibungu zothuli
- Grass pollens
- Impova yomthi
- Weed pollens
Ngeendlela ezininzi zobugcisa, ubumbise ukungabikho komzimba, njengokungabikho kwemfuyo yezilwanyana, i-pollens yengca, njalonjalo, yi-IgE-mediated response hypersensitive reaction. Njengokuba kunjalo nezinye izilwanyana, ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba kungasetyenziswa ukukunceda ukubonisa ukungabikho komzimba. Ukongezelela-njengokuba kunjalo nezinye izifo eziqhelekileyo-uvavanyo lwe-radioallergosorbent (RAST) lunokusetyenziswa ukufumana amanqanaba e-anti-gum e-SIG e-sida kwi-fungi.
Kwinqaku le-2005 elipapashwe kwi- Annals of Allergy, i-Asthma & Immunology , i-Edmondson kunye nababhali-mbhali bafunda abathathi-nxaxheba abangama-65 phakathi koomdala ophakathi kweminyaka eyi-1.5 no-52 abaye banikezela kwisifo se-asthma kunye ne-clinical allergies ekhononda " Iipesenti ezingama-53 zazinokubumba kwesikhumba ngexesha lokuvavanywa kwesikhumba.
Nazi izikhalazo eziphambili phakathi kwabathathi-nxaxheba ngenjongo yokwehla kwesantya:
- Yewena mkhuhlane
- Isiqhamo
- Intloko
- Izimpawu zokuphefumula (ukukhwehlela, ukuqhuma, njl.)
- Inkqubo yesantya ephakathi
- Ukukhathala
Nangona ezi zibonakaliso zingabonakaliyo kwaye ziveliswa ngokubanzi, ekuhloliseni ngokomzimba abaphandi baqaphele iimbumba ezinobumba, i-cobblestoning kunye neempumlo ze-runny, ezizo zonke iimpawu zokungabikho komzimba.
Ukuba nembali yeempawu zokuphefumula-njenge-asthma-ezicacileyo kwisakhiwo esithile zixhasa ukuxilongwa kwe-mold. Kwinqaku edibeneyo, ukuba unayo impawu ezinjalo, kubalulekile ukwabelana nomntu ongu-allerergist ochaziweyo malunga nekhaya, umsebenzi okanye isikolo. Ukulandelela iimpawu zakho kwiiveki ezimbini kwiphephancwadi kunokuncedisa ukuba zeziphi iindawo ezibangelwa ukungena.
Ngaphandle kwempendulo ye-immune ye-IgE, i-hypothesized that other components in mold will play a role in the disease-related diseases. Izilwanyana ziquka i-mycotoxins, ezenziwe nge-mold, kunye ne-glucans, ezenza iindonga zeseli zobumba. Ukongezelela, iibumba zivelisa i-compounds e-organic (i-VOCs) ezinjenge-molecular-molecular-weightones, i-alcohol, kunye ne-aldehydes-eziye zathinteka kwizifo ezihlobene nezifo. Ngokweqile, yiyo i-VOCs eyenza i-moldy yayo ibe yinto efanelekileyo, isiphunga elimnandi.
Nangona kunjalo, abukho ubungqina obuxhasa ukuba iindlela ezingenzi-IgE-mediated zidlala indima ekukhutsheni kwezinga eliphantsi kwesikhunta. Ngamanye amazwi, nangona ubunobumba bubangela ukunyuka komzimba kunye ne-allergen, asikho na ubungqina bokuba emva kokutshintshwa kweso siqhelo nezinye izinto ezibunjiweyo zingenza abantu bagule.
Lawulo
Akukho nonyango oluthile lotyando oluthile lokubumba. Nangona kunjalo, isifo se-asthma kunye ne-hay fever, esiphumela kwi-mold allergies, inokuphathwa ngokusetyenziswa kweemvavanyo ezahlukeneyo kunye neyeza-counter-counter-counter. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, kukulungele ukuphepha isakhiwo esinokubangela ukuba ukhuphaze. Nangona kunjalo, olu khetho alisoloko luyinyani.
Ukuba ubumba i-allergies kwaye uza kungena kwindawo osikrokrela kuyo iifaki zamatye, unokugqoka i-mask. Njengomlinganiselo wokuthintela, unokuthatha imithi yokuguga phambi kokungena kwindawo.
Izakhiwo zingahlolwa kwiibumba. Iisampuli zomoya zangaphakathi zingafaniswa neesampuli zomoya zangaphandle ukufumana amanqanaba okubunjwa. Ukongezelela, iisampuli zincinci, zisula, kunye nezidonga zedonga zingathathwa ukuze zibone ukubunjwa kwizakhiwo, kodwa ezi iisampuli azikwazi ukucacisa ukuba ubuninzi bumbumba buphefumlelwa ngabahlali.
Qhagamshelana neSil Building Building Syndrome
Isibongo, esondelelene kakhulu kumonakalo wamanzi, sinokuba sisisindo esichukumisa kwisifo sokwakha isifo . Ngokungafani negama lithetha ukuba, isakhiwo sokwakhiwa kwezigulana sichaza iziganeko apho abahlali baziva begula ngenxa yesakhiwo somoya esilungileyo-ngokunyuka komswakama nokunciphisa ukuphuphuma umoya ukuba babe ngabanikeli abaziintloko. Ukongeza kwimonakalo yamanzi kunye nesibhobho, ezinye izizathu zesifo sokwakha izifo ziquka uthuli, ukuxhoma, kunye nokufudumala okungekho kakuhle, ukuphuphuma umoya, kunye neenkqubo ze-air conditioning (HVAC).
Nangona i-syndrome yesakhiwo sokugula ayibonakalwanga ngokusemthethweni njengobungqina bonyango obuxhomekeke kukho ubungqina, imibutho ethile ixwayisa ngokukho kwayo, kubandakanywa noKhuseleko lwezeMpilo kunye noLawulo lwezeMpilo (OSHA) kunye ne-Arhente yokuKhuselwa kweNdalo (i-EPA). Isifo sokwakhiwa kwezifo sisifo esiyintambano, kwaye xa sinikelwa ngokungabonakaliyo, iimpawu ezinxulumene nesakhiwo kwimeko yeklinikhi, abanye oogqirha baya kunyanga ingxaki ngabaxinzelelo.
Nazi ezinye izikhokelo ezikhuselekileyo zokukhusela isifo sokwakheka kwesigulo esetyenziswayo ekubunjeni ukungabikho komzimba:
- Ngokufanelekileyo lawula amanqanaba okushisa kunye nomswakama.
- Ukuchonga iindawo ezichaphazelekayo ngomonakalo wamanzi.
- Qinisekisa ukuba isakhiwo sihlambulukile.
- Hlola yonke i-humidifiers emoyeni, izihlungi zomoya, kunye neendonga zokupholisa.
- Zama ukugcina iifestile ezivulekileyo zokuphucula umoya.
- Thatha ikhefu kummandla ongaphakathi ukuze uphume ngaphandle kwaye uhambahamba.
Nazi ezinye izikhokelo ezivela kwi-American College ye-Asthma, i-Allergy & Immunology malunga nokuthintela ukubunjwa kwamanzi:
- Cococa nayiphi na inkunkuma okanye ukuvuza ngokukhawuleza.
- Hlanza ama-gutters kunye neenqanawa.
- Sebenzisa iipaneji zokucoca.
- Vula iifestile zokungenisa umoya kwindawo ezimanzi ezinjengendawo yokuhlambela
- Sebenzisa ama-dehumidiers okanye ukhuphe abalandeli kwimimandla enomdaka njengendawo yokuhlambela.
Izakhiwo ezingcoliswe ngumbumba zingalungiswa, kunye nokulungiswa okwenziwe ukuhlaziywa kwesakhiwo. Ukongezelela kokubangela ukungahambi kwamanzi kunye nemiphunga emibi, isikhunta sinokutshabalalisa nezinto zokwakha ezibalekayo. Nazi ezinye iindlela eziqhelekileyo ezithathayo xa ulungisa isakhiwo.
- Umthombo wobumanzi, okhuthaza ukukhula kwesikhunta, kufuneka ususwe ngokupheleleyo endlwini. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba inkqubo ye-HVAC ibangela uxanduva lokukhupha isikhunta, kufuneka isuswe.
- Ukupaka impahla, i-drywall, okanye ezinye izinto zokwakha ezicocekileyo kufuneka zisuswe kwisakhiwo kwaye zitshintshwe.
- Zonke izinto zokugcoba kunye nezambatho (izinto eziphathekayo) kufuneka zihlanjululwe ngokupheleleyo okanye zicoceke. Ukuba ezi zinto ziqhubeka zivumba emva kokucoca ngokucokisekileyo, kufuneka zilahlwe.
Abasebenzi bezococo bezonyango kunye neenjineli zakhiwo banokuvunyelwa ukuba bahlole isakhiwo sokubumba.
Kwimihlaba yomsebenzi, ingcamango enhle ukuthatha imifanekiso yokonakaliswa kwamanzi kunye nokuphathwa kwendlela malunga nokuxhalabisa kwimeko yokubumba. Ngaphandle koko, i-OSHA okanye i-EPA ingaqhagamshelana nophando oluphezulu lwemoya.
Mold Immunotherapy
I-Immunotherapy ibhekisela kunyango lwezifo zisebenzisa izinto ezikhuthaza umzimba. I-allergies shots yindlela yokuxilongwa kwe-immunotherapy eyenziwa ukuphatha okanye ukuthintela ukuphendula kubantu abayekezela imithi, utshani, ukhula, i-dander, uthuli, njalonjalo. Kuphandwe uphando olulinganiselweyo malunga nesihloko sokukhupha i-immunotherapy. Okwangoku, nangona kunjalo, i-immunotherapy yokubumba i-allergies ayikhuthazwa.
Ukongezelela ukuba kukho ukungabikho kovavanyo olulawulwa ngononophelo oluhlola i-mold immunotherapy, uphando lujolise kuphela kwiintlobo ezimbini zokubunjwa: i- Alternaria ne- Cladosporium . Ukongezelela, izibumba ziqulethe iiproteases (uhlobo lwe-enzyme) ezenza abaviwa ababi bafumane i-immunotherapy. Ngenxa yezi proteases, izilwanyana ezahlukahlukeneyo azikwazi ukudibaniswa kunye.
Umkhukula
Izakhiwo ezisemanzini emva kweemvunguvungu okanye izikhukula ziyingxaki yokungcoliswa ngumbumba. Isibongo senziwa ngamanzi amaninzi. Kwiimeko ezibuhlungu, kufuneka kwenziwe amanyathelo okukhawuleza ukukhusela ukukhula kwesikhunta. Abantu abane-atopy, i-asthma, okanye amasosha omzimba obuthathaka akufanele babandakanyeke ekulungiseni ukubunjwa.
I-CDC yenza iziphakamiso ezithile ezichaza indlela yokukrazula indlu yesikhunta emva komkhukula, kuquka oku kulandelayo:
- Cinga ukuba nayiphi na into egalelwe emanzini iintsuku ezingaphezulu kweentsuku ibonakaliswe ngumbumba.
- Isikhumba, ukhuni, iphepheni kunye nekhaphethi akukwazi ukugqithiswa kwesikhunta kwaye kufuneka ukuba ilahlwe.
- Sebenzisa i-bleach ukuze uhlambulule isikhunta esisezantsi, izitofu, izitya, i-flatware, izitya, izixhobo kunye nezinye izinto ezinzima.
- Xa ulungiselela isisombululo se-bleach, xuba i-bleach namanzi ngamanani alinganayo.
- Musa ukuxuba i-bleach nge-ammonia okanye nabanye abacoca.
- Ngethuba usebenzisa i-bleach, gcina iifestile zivulekile.
- Geza izinto ezincinci ngegazi kwaye uhlambele ezi zinto ngamanzi. Emva koko, bayeke ngaphandle ukuze bome.
- Sebenzisa iibrashi ukuze uhlambele izinto ezibukhali.
- Xa uhlambulula isikhunta, izixhobo ezikhuselekileyo kufuneka zigugile, kubandakanywa izigulane, iiglavu zerabha, iibhola zebhola, kunye ne-breathing-fit fit-respirator.
ILizwi
Nangona izibonda "zesifo esiyingozi zesikhunta" kunye "nombumba omnyama" zinyanyiswa, abantu abaninzi baxhomekeke ekubunjeni. Okwangoku, akukho nonyango oluthile lokubumba ukungabikho komzimba, ngokuphepha ukukhuselwa kwendawo yangaphakathi yokhuseleko lomlilo kuphela. Nangona kunjalo, i-asthma kunye ne-fever fever, eziyimpawu zokubunjwa, zingaphathwa.
Ukuba ucinga ukuba unobunzima bokubhokoxa, yinto efanelekileyo yokudibana ne-allergenist. I-allergenist inokuvavanya isikhumba okanye igazi lakho kwiintsholongwane eziqhelekileyo kwiintlobo eziqhelekileyo zokubunjwa kwaye wenze iziphakamiso ezithile ezisekelwe kwimeko yakho.
Ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo kunokunceda ukukhupha umthombo wokukhula kwesikhunta kwisakhiwo. Izixhobo zokwakha ezichaphazelekayo kufuneka zitshintshwe. Nangona kunjalo, ukulungiswa okunjalo kunokuba kubi, kwaye kukulungele ukubonisana nabaqeqeshi bokulungisa izixhobo ngaphambi kokubandakanya kule miqathango.
Ekugqibeleni, izakhiwo ezikhukula zihlala zingcoliswa ngumbumba. Kubalulekile ukuthatha inyathelo ngokukhawuleza xa kulungiswa izixhobo ezinjalo ukukhusela ukukhula kakhudlwana.
> Imithombo:
> Balmes JR. Isahluko 107. Imibhobho. Ku: Olson KR. eds. Ukutyhefuza nokugqithiswa kweDrug, 6e eNew York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2012.
> Borchers, AT, Chang, C, Gershwin, ME. Ubumbano kunye neMpilo Yomntu: I-Check Real
> I-Chinoy B, Yee E, i-Bahna SL. Ukuvavanywa kwesikhumba kunye nokuhlolwa kwe-radioallergosorbent yezilwanyana zangaphandle. Clin Mol Allergy. 2005; 3: 4. Iiklinikhi Rev Allerg Immunol (2017) 52: 305-322.
> Coop, CA. Immunotherapy for Mold Allergy. Iiklinikhi Rev Allerg Immunol (2014) 47: 289-298.
> Edmondson, DA. I-allergies kunye "ne-toxic mold syndrome." U-Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2005 Feb; 94 (2): 234-9.