Impucuko yeNdala yehlabathi kunye nendlela ejongene ngayo ne-HIV kunye ne-AIDS
I-China yenye yeenkqubela endala kwihlabathi. Indlela yabo yobomi isakhiwe kwisithethe kunye nenkcubeko yaseChina. Inkcubeko ethandana neminyaka engama-6 000 ijongene nobhubhane obonakala ngaphantsi kweminyaka engama-30 edlulileyo?I-China - Amanani
Nazi ezinye iinkcukacha ngeChina:- eMpuma Asia
- kwimihlaba, yenye yezona zinkulu kunazo zonke kwihlabathi, eneendawo ezili-9.6 yezigidi zeekhilomitha ezili-square (ngaphantsi kwe-United States)
- inani labantu abayi-1.3 billion, elilingana nama-20 ekhulwini labemi behlabathi
- ziqukwe ngamakhulu amaqela eentlanga ezithetha ezininzi iintetho nezilwimi
- akukho rhulumente olwaziyo inkolo kodwa inkolo yobuqu kunye nemibutho yonqulo ivumelekile
- Iinkonzo eziphambili ziBuddha, iTaoism, kunye neConfucian
- Izithethe zamandulo zisezantsi zibonelela ngesiseko seShayina
Isimo se-HIV eChina
Nazi ezinye iinkcukacha ngeHIV kunye ne-AIDS eChina:- NgoJanuwari 2006, uqikelelo "olusemthethweni" lokuba abantu abangaba ngu-650,000 bahlala ne-HIV kwaye abangama-75 000 abaphila ne-AIDS. Iingcali ngaphandle kweTshayina zikholelwa ukuba amanani awona aphezulu kakhulu kunabo abavunywe nguRhulumente waseTshayina.
- kukho uqikelelo lwama-70 000 amatyala omtsha we-HIV kunye nama-25,000 abantu ababulawa nguGawulayo ngonyaka
Ubunzima bobunzima be-HIV bunzima ukuvavanya ngenxa yeebhloko zeendlela zorhulumente. Oorhulumente beeNgingqi kunye namaziko karhulumente karhulumente ayanqikaza ukubeka inombolo enzima ebhubheni ngenxa yokwahlukana nokucwaswa.
Abo bemi besazi ukuba yi-HIV bafuna ukwenzela ukuvavanya ngenxa yokwesaba ukubuyisela xa befunyaniswa ukuba banesimo esihle. Uninzi lwabantu aluyi vavanyo ngenxa yokuba besazi nto encinane okanye akukho nto malunga nokuba khona kwe-HIV. Kuqikelelwa ukuba i-17 ekhulwini yabemi baseTshayina abazi i-HIV.
Inani lamatyala aseNtshona zasemaphandleni alinakukwazi ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo. Ukunqongophala okanye ukungabikho kokuvavanywa kwempahla kunye nenani elincinci labasebenzi abavandlakanyiweyo bavanya ukuxilongwa kunzima. Iindawo zasemaphandleni zaseChina zihlwempuzeke kakhulu zemfundo. Abo baziyo malunga ne-HIV abavavanywa ngenxa yehlazo edibene ne-diagnostic.
Imbali ye-HIV eChina
E-China, ubhubhane lwe-HIV lwaqala ngokukhawuleza phakathi koo-1980. Inani elincinci leengxaki ze-HIV zafunyaniswa ngokuyinhloko kummandla wonxweme. Amagosa aseTshayina athi ukugqibhuka kwabavakashi bezinye iintlanga kunye nabafundi baseTshayina ababuya befunda emhlabeni jikelele. Urhulumente waseTshayina uthumela izilumkiso ezisemthethweni zabasetyhini baseTshayina ukuba bangalalani kunye noorhulumente abambiza ngokuthi "iindwendwe zangaphandle" kuba banokusuleleka. Ngokucacileyo, iChina yabona ukuba i-HIV yinkinga yomntu.Urhulumente oseburhulumenteni ugxile kwi-HIV kukuba ingozi eChina yayinganiselwe. INTSHOLONGWANE YAGAWULAYO I-HIV yayicinga ukuba iyisifo esinobukhulu besini nesondo kwaye urhulumente wayevakalelwa kukuba eChina, ubungqingili kunye "nesondo esingavamile" yinkinga engancinci.
Ukususela ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-80 nakwiminyaka eyi-90, ukusuleleka kwe-HIV kwavela njengengxaki ekhulayo phakathi kwabasebenzisi abasebenzisa iziyobisi.
Sekunjalo, urhulumente unomuvo wokuthi i-HIV "isifo seNtshona," njengoko kwakunjalo ingxaki yabo yeziyobisi. I-HIV yayibhalwe "isifo se-capitalism" kwaye enye iChina ayingenayo inxalenye.
Kodwa ukususela kwiminyaka ye-90 ukuya ekuqaleni kwe-2000, i-HIV yaqala ukusasazeka kuzo zonke iiphondo zaseTshayina. Ingxaki yeengxaki ezinjalo ezazisasazeka zazimisela ukuba zigazi lokungaphepheki.
Urhulumente waseTshayina wenza isivumelwano sokuthengiswa kwegazi kwiChina. Nangona kwakukho izikhokelo kwindawo ekuqinisekiseni umgangatho, amaninzi amaziko okuqokelela ezizimeleyo awanqamle ingqungquthela ukwenzela ukwandisa inzuzo yabo. Izakhono zabo zokuqokelela zityhila amawaka abantu kwi-HIV.
Izixhobo zokuqokelela zazisetyenziswa rhoqo kwizigulane ezininzi kunye negazi eliqokelelwa kubaxhasi abaninzi. Amagosa ahlukanisa izixhobo zegazi abayidingayo aze aphinde angenelele ekushiywe kwegazi elihlangeneyo kubanikeli, ngaleyo ndlela abonise abaxhasi kwi-HIV, i-hepatitis C kunye nezinye izifo ezithwala igazi.
Ngo-2000, ixhaswe ngokukodwa yi-blood supply engaphephile, inani lamatyala e-HIV alibhaliweyo, okubangela ukuba urhulumente waseTshayina aphakamise umgaqo-nkqubo wokungafuni ukunyaniseka kwe-HIV kunye nokukhanyela.
Inkcubeko yezoSondo
Njengoko kuthethwe, inkcubeko eninzi yaseShayina isekelwe kwizithethe zamandulo. Esinye isithethe sisondo kunye nokucalulwa kwabasetyhini. Ubundlobongela obukhoyo bukho nababini nakwiziko ngalinye. Ukunyanga okufanelekileyo kunye nokulingana kwabasetyhini kuyaphikisana neenkolelo zenkcubeko nezenkolo. Ubundlobongela buxhomekeke kangangokuba iimfundiso ezininzi zibuza umbuzo othi, "ngaba ngabafazi basemhlabeni ngokupheleleyo"? Uninzi umbuzo ukuba amadoda nabesifazane banamalingani alinganayo.Nangona kuqoqosho, ulwabelana ngesondo luxhaphakile. Abafazi babonwa njengokhuphiswano lwabasebenzi besilisa. Ukwabelana ngesondo kuye kwagqithisa ukhetho lokuba nabantwana. Umkhwa wokukhupha isisu ngumsebenzi oqhelekileyo ukuba umyinge wezinsana zamantombazana ukuya kubantwana abancinci ukwanda. Ubundlobongela buchaphazela ubungakanani bhubhane lwe-HIV ngokuyalela ukuba abantu bafundiswe njani nge-HIV kwaye ngubani owenza izigqibo malunga nezenzo zesondo ezikhuselekileyo.
Ikhasi ezimbini lixoxa ngentsholongwane, inqanaba lokukhusela i-HIV, kunye naluphi ukunakekelwa kwe-HIV.
Ngubani osulelekileyo?
Njengoko ziqhelekileyo kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi, i-HIV isuke kwisifo sabantu kwiqela elincinci lokubeka ingozi kwisifo esifumaneka kuwo wonke umntu. Sekunjalo, la maqela aphezulu emngciphekweni akhathazeka ngenxa yezifo ezininzi.- I-IV Abasebenzisi beziyobisi - Kwilizwe apho malunga neepesenti ezintathu zabemi bayo abasebenzisi beziyobisi be-IV, abo bantu baxela malunga neepesenti ezingama-60 zazo zonke iintsholongwane ze-HIV. I-China inepolisi yonyango yokunyamezela ngokunyanisekileyo ithetha ukuba nabani na abanjwe basebenzisa iziyobisi ze-IV kufuneka baye kwiimeko zokuvuselela izidakamizwa. Omnye unokucinga ukuba indawo enjalo iya kuba yindlela epheleleyo yokufundisa nge-HIV. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphunyezwa kweenkqubo zezemfundo ze-HIV kunye ne-AIDS njengenxalenye yesilwanyana sokubuyiswa kweziyobisi kuye kwacotha. Imiyalezo yokuthintela iye yaphela kwiipowusta ezimbalwa ezichaza ingozi ye-HIV kunye nokukhusela.
- Iimveliso zeGazi - Naphezu kwazo zonke iingxaki ngegazi laseChina ngexesha elidlulileyo, urhulumente uyaqhubeka nokuthintela ukungeniswa kwemveliso yegazi. Amaziko okunikela ngegazi aqhutywa yintlawulo, nto leyo ithetha ukuba amaninzi amaziko oshishino anqumla amabhondi ukuze enze imali engakumbi, nokuba uthetha ukuphula umthetho. Kulinganiselwa ukuba malunga neepesenti ezili-10 zazo zonke iintsholongwane ezitsha zivela kwimveliso yegazi. Thelekisa loo nto kwi-US, enezinga layo lokusuleleka kwimveliso yegazi, kwaye uyayiqonda ukuba yintoni ingxaki enkulu ukunikezelwa kwegazi kuChina.
- AbaSebenzi bezesondo - Ingxaki ekhulayo yobundlobongela eChina ixhomekeke kakhulu kwiimfuno zezoqoqosho. Ubuqhetseba abukho mthethweni eChina kunye namaziko karhulumente axhaswe "ama-rehab" abo bafazi abanjwe bathatha imali ngesondo. Nangona kunjalo, ii-rehab maziko zifundisa ngokugqithiseleyo ubuhenyu kwaye kungekhona umngcipheko wempilo yokuba ubuhenyu kubangelwa ngabafazi ababandakanyekayo. Ukusetyenziswa kwekhondom kuyiphutha. Abasetyhini babanjwe ngenxa yokuthwala iikhondom, kuthathwa ngokuba ngumqondiso wobuhenyu. Ngenxa yoko, abasebenzi bezesondo abaqhelanga ukusetyenziswa kwekhondom. Oku kudibaniswa nobulili obamkelekileyo ngokwenkolo kuvimbela abaninzi abafazi ukuba bangakhokeli kwiindlela zesondo ezikhuselekileyo.
- Amadoda Alalana Nabantu Abesondo Nabantu (MSM) - Nangona ubungqingili bungekho mthethweni, luba necala elibi. Le ngongoma eyanciphisa ukufikeleleka kwiinkcukacha zesondo ezikhuselekileyo kunye nemfundo ye-HIV. Amadoda aseGay avakala ukuba akukho ndawo ekhuselekileyo yokuba baxoxe ngeengozi kunye neengxaki. Amadoda aseGay ayakhuthazwa ukuba aphelise ubungqingili bawo aze atshate nabasetyhini. Abaninzi bayakwenza kodwa baqhubeke benesondo esingakhuselekanga namanye amadoda, bebeka abafazi babo emngciphekweni omkhulu xa belalana nomtshato. Ngelixa i-MSM ingabhalisi inani elikhulu leengxaki ze-HIV ngoku, malunga nesiqingatha sazo zonke i-MSM zenza isondo esingakhuselekanga, ngoko iingcali zinoyiko lokhu kuza kubangela ukwanda okwandayo kwinani lamatyala omtsha we-HIV kungekudala.
- Abafudukayo - abafuduka baseShayina abayizigidi ezili-120 bahamba kakhulu, behamba kulo lonke ilizwe apho umsebenzi uthatha khona. Ukuhamba kwabo kubangela ukuba bafumane ingozi kwi-HIV. Ukuhambela kwiindawo ezintsha, ezingaqhelekanga, abafudukayo banqabile ukufikelela kwiinkonzo zokukhusela i-HIV ukuba kukho naziphi na. Baya kuhamba kwiindawo apho iikhondom zinqabile okanye zinzima ukufikelela. Ukongezelela, abaninzi abantu abafudukayo bangamadoda angatshatanga. Imali abayifumanayo ibalulekile kwaye ngamanye amaxesha isebenzisa iziyobisi kunye nehenyukazi ukwenzela ukulwa nokulondeka kokuba endleleni. La madoda atshatileyo, abuyele ekuhambeni kwawo aze abeke abafazi bawo engozini ngokuzibandakanya ngokwesondo esingaphephile nabo emva kokulala ngesondo esingaphephile endleleni.
Uthintelo lwe-HIV
Kuze kube ngo-1998 iChina yayinecebo likazwelonke, elide elide lokulwa ne-HIV. Iingcamango zekhondom zachithwa ngokukhawuleza ngurhulumente waseTshayina emva kokubhengezwa kwesikhangiso ngexesha elilodwa kumnatha womnxeba kazwelonke ngo-1999. Iikhondom zazibhekwa njengezixhobo zobulili ezingekho mthethweni yiChina yoLawulo lweeNkampani zoRhwebo kunye noRhwebi kwaye zavalwa kwi-airwaves. Ukuvinjelwa kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngo-2001 xa uMphathiswa wezeMpilo waseTshayina wenza kwakhona iikhondom njenge "izixhobo zonyango" esikhundleni sezinto zesini. Sekunjalo, iikhondom ayilona nxalenye eyamkelekileyo yeChina, ayifumaneka kwaye imgangatho ophantsi.Kungekudala kuye kwaxelwa ukuba ulwaluko lunokuba yindlela efanelekileyo yokunciphisa ingozi yokudluliselwa kwe-HIV.
Inkolelo kukuba ulwaluko luya kuba lukhetho olufanelekileyo kulawo mazwe afana neChina awanqongophele ubuncwane ukuba banikezele ikhondom imfundo nokusabalalisa. Nangona kunjalo, inqaku laseChina Daily libike ukuba amagosa awazange athengiswe ngeenzuzo zokusoka kwaye akayi kuvunyelwa ngokomthetho.
Imfundo yokunciphisa mngcipheko kunye neenkqubo zokutshintshiselwa kwintsalane zanda kwiChina. Urhulumente waseTshayina ugunyaze ukuba imfundo ye-HIV kunye nemizamo yokuqwashisa kufuneka ijoliswe kuluntu jikelele ngokuzama ukuphelisa ubandlululo kunye nokunyaniseka. Ngo-1998 iChina ithembisa ukuqalisa ikharityhulam ye-HIV ezikolweni kodwa nanamhlanje akukho hlobo lwenkqubo ekhoyo.
Amaqela aphezulu emngcipheko ayaqhubeka enza iindawo ezixhamlayo zeengxaki ze-HIV. Amadoda aseGay asenasiphephelo ekucaleni, ephazamisa kakhulu imizamo yokufundisa abantu. Amaqela anqwenela ukuxhasa okanye ukuzisa iiprogram zemfundo kaGawulayo ye-HIV ayenqikazi ukwenza njalo ngenxa yokwesaba ukulimaza umfanekiso wabo.
Urhulumente weNtsholongwane kaGawulayo
Nangona ukukhula kwe-HIV, bambalwa kakhulu abakwazi ukunyamekela ngoncedo lwe-HIV. Urhulumente ukhuthaza ukuveliswa kweenguqu zasekhaya zezilwanyana ze-HIV; nangona kunjalo, ezi zifunyenwe zingqongqo kwaye ziphantsi kobunzima. Kulabo banokufikelela kwezi zi yobisi, iziphumo ezibi zibi kakhulu kuneenguqulelo zelungelo lobunikazi, okwenza ukubambelela kunzima. Ngo-2004, abantu abangaba ngu-12 000 kuphela bafumana ii-HIV rhoqo.URhulumente uqalise oko babiza ngokuba yi- Four Frees and One Care Policy . Eli nyathelo liqukethe:
- Iindleko zamahhala kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni ezisemaphandleni nakwiimali.
- Ukuvavanya kwe-HIV kunye nokucebisa.
- Iimveliso zamahhala kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo abakhulelweyo.
- Isikolo samahhala kubantwana abanenkedama nge-HIV kunye ne-AIDS.
- Unonophelo lwe-HIV kunye noncedo lwezoqoqosho kulabo abaphila ne-HIV.
Ngelixa umbono ulungile, okwenza kube yinyani indlela ende.
Imithombo:
Kanabus, A .; "" I-HIV / AIDS e-China "; Avert.org; 10 Feb 2007.Li, Chenyang; "I-Sage kunye ne-2. Ukwabelana ngesondo: i-Confucianism Ethics ne-Sex." Vula iNkundla 2000 . 17. Uhlobo; Chicago 2000.
Isebe likaRhulumente wase-US; Inqaku Qaphela: I-China "; IWashington DC: 01 Jan 2007.