Inkcazo yeSingxabano Ngokubaluleka Kwendlela Yomphakathi
Inketho yoluntu kuthetha ukuba urhulumente uza kunika ifom ye-inshurensi yempilo yokuba abemi banokuthenga, ukuhlawula unyango lwabo lwempilo. Kuya kusebenza njengenkqubo ye- Medicare esebenzayo kubantu abadala okanye inkqubo ye-VA isebenzela abadala. Akukho khetho yoluntu lufakwe kuMthetho woNonophelo lwezeNtengo ( Affordable Care Act ) kaMatshi 2010, kodwa ezinye iingcali zikholelwa ukuba ziya kuba yinxalenye yenkqubo yokuhlawula ekugqibeleni.
Abaninzi baseMerika banombono nokuba ngaba ukhetho loluntu lufanele lubekho, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo ezo ngcamango zenziwa ngaphandle kokuqonda ngokwenene indlela inxaxheba yoluntu iza kusebenza ngayo. Nanku ukucaciswa kwesigama nesigama.
Ukhetho loluntu luya kuqhutywa njani?
Inkqubo kawonkewonke yoluntu ye-inshorensi yempilo iya kuqhutywa ngu rhu lumente kodwa ingaqaliswa nje nge-inshurensi yempilo yabucala.
- Ukuzixhasa: Enye indlela yokufuna i-inshorensi kawonke oko kukuthi, ihlawulwe kuphela ngama-premium ahlawulwa ngabo "abakhe" kule nkqubo.
- Isibonelelo seRhafu: Enye inketho iya kuba iiprayimari ukuba zixhaswe nguRhulumente, ngeentlawulo.
- I-Federal okanye iHulumeni ilawulwe: Enye indlela kukuba ukhetho lukarhulumente alukwazi ukuphathwa kuphela nguRhulumente waseburhulumenteni; kunoko, inokulawulwa yilizwe ngalinye, kwaye izifundo ziza kuzibeka iimfuno zazo.
Inketho yoluntu yayingeyona inxalenye yokuguqulwa, ukuqala, kodwa ukuba ngababambiseneli bangebucala bengakwazi ukugcina intlawulo yexabiso elifanelekileyo, kwaye kugcinwe abo baneemeko ezisele zikhona, kunokubangela ukuphunyezwa kwenkqubo yoluntu.
Ngubani oya kubandakanywa kwiprogram yomshuwalense wezempilo?
Kukho amaqela amabini athathwe ngumngcipheko we-inshorensi yezempilo oya kufumana lula, okanye ufikeleleke ngakumbi kwi-inshurensi yempilo kunokuba babekho ngaphambi kokuba i-ACA.
- Okokuqala: Abantu abangenakho ukufumana izicwangciso ze-inshurensi eziziimali ezizimeleyo, ingakumbi abo basebenzela abaqeshi abangenayo i-inshurensi yempilo njengenzuzo, baya kufumana inketho ekhethiweyo xa kukho ukhetho lomntu.
- Okwesibini: Inketho kawonkewonke iya kunceda abo banemibandela esele ikhona ukuthenga i-inshurensi efumanekayo. UMthetho woNonophelo ojongene noNyaka ka-2010 (u-Obamacare) uqinisekisile ukuba eli qela alikwazanga kucalulwa ngabaxhasi-mali. Inketho yoluntu eya kuguqula okanye yokutshintsha i-ACA yayiza kufuneka iqhubeke noku khuselo.
- Elinye iqela-abantu abaselula, abasempilweni-baya kunikwa ngolu hlobo loluntu, nangona banenkathazo encinci yokufumana i-inshorensi yezempilo.
Indlela yomshuwalense wezempilo esebenzayo ngaphambi kokuba i-ACA ibengekho mntu kufuneka ukuba athathe inxaxheba; nokuba ufuna ukufumana inshuwalense yezempilo kuwe. Ngokwenza oko, oko kuthetha ukuba abantu abaye bathatha inxaxheba kwi-inshurensi abo bantu babasebenzisa iinkonzo zononophelo lwezempilo
Iingcali ezininzi kunye nezopolitiko zivuma ukuba ingaba ukhetho lwabantu luye lwaphunyezwa, okanye ukuba wonke umntu osebenzayo kufuneka afune ukuthenga, mhlawumbi nge-inshurensi kawonkewonke okanye yabucala, ukwenzela ukulawula iindleko. Ukuze kuhlawule iindleko kumntu wonke, abantu abancinane, abaphilileyo kufuneka bahlawule kwinkqubo yokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwemali kwabanye. Izibonelelo kubantu abancinci, abaphilileyo abangasisebenzisi kakhulu ukuxhamla kwabo kuza kuba kamva, xa bekhulile okanye xa begula, i-coverage iya kufumaneka kubo ngokunciphisa kunokuba kungenjalo.
Cinga ngolu hlobo loluntu njengendlela ocinga ngayo ukhuseleko loluntu. Uhlawula xa usemncinci, ukuze uvunye inzuzo xa ukhulile okanye ukhubazekile.
UMthetho woNonophelo ojongene noKhathalelo ka-2010 udinga ukuthatha inxaxheba, kunye nezohlwayo kwabangenayo.
Iingxelo zeNkcazo yeMpilo yeNkcazo yeMpilo
Mhlawumbi into ebaluleke kakhulu "yenkqubo" kukuba ekubeni urhulumente unkulu kakhulu, kwaye ngenxa yokuba abantu abaninzi banokuthatha inxaxheba kwindlela yokhetho lwabantu, ixabiso lemfuno zezempilo liya kuhla. Oko kuthetha ukuba iiprayimesi ziya kuba ziphantsi kunezo zihlawulwe kwiinkampani zomshuwalense wezempilo.
Kutheni ixabiso liza kuba liphantsi kakhulu kunye nenketho kawonkewonke?
- Okokuqala, ngokuba urhulumente akayiyo inzuzo. Ekubeni iinjongo zabo kukugubungela iindleko zabo, kodwa bengenakuncediswa yinkonzo, akudingeki ukuba bakhe inzuzo kwiiprayimari zabo.
- Okwesibini, kuba iindleko zolawulo ziya kuba ziphantsi. Akukho zindleko zokuthengisa, iindleko zolawulo ezincinci. Uqikelelo lweenkqubo ezikhoyo zokuhlawula uluntu (Medicare, Medicaid, Tricare, CHIP kunye ne-VA) eliphakathi kwe-3% ukuya kwi-11%. Uqikelelo lwabaqinisekisi bamashishini abazimeleyo baqhubela kwi-25% ukuya kwi-35%.
- Okwesithathu, kuba inkulu kakhulu inombutho unamandla okuxoxisana. Amandla angcono okuxoxisana nawo aya kuhlawula ixabiso lentlawulo kuzo zonke iinkalo zempilo yononophelo. Ukuqhubela phambili, kuba abafaki banshorensi babucala babeya kukhuphiswano kunye nenxaxheba yoluntu, abaqinisekisi bangebucala baza kufuneka banciphise ama-premium abo kwaye baxoxisane kakhulu.
Kukho umbuzo werhafu. Inketho kawonkewonke iya kuhlawulwa irhafu kuba, ngokuqinisekileyo, ayifumani inzuzo. Abanini-mboleko bangebucala bahlala kuphela ukwenza inzuzo ngokwabo kunye nabatyalo-mali babo. Inzuzo yabo yayiza kubakhokhela irhafu - indleko ababeza kuzinyameka kwaye zibandakanye kwiiprayimari zabo.
Olunye uhlobo lweebhere zikhankanya; oko kukuthi, inkqubo yomshuwalense wezempilo kawonkewonke iya kuvumela ukuba kube nokuphatheka . Okokuthi, abantu bangashenxisa okanye batshintshe imisebenzi ngaphandle kokwesaba ukulahlekelwa yinshurensi yabo yezempilo okanye ukutshintshela kwisicwangciso seenkonzo ezahlukeneyo zempilo kwaye ukhethe ababoneleli abatsha. Ngendlela ekhethiweyo yoluntu, iyakwazi ukuhamba naphi na phakathi kwimeko yawo. Ngeprogram yombuso, banokuhamba naphi na kwi-United States. I-ACA ivumela ukuphatheka, kodwa umntu unokufuneka atshintshe kwisicwangciso esithile ukuba aguqule imisebenzi okanye ahambe. Ngenketho yoluntu, bekungekho mfuneko yokutshintsha kwisicwangciso esihlukile, ukuphelisa intlekele yokukhetha isicwangciso esitsha.
Imboleko ye-Intshumo Yomshuwalense Wezempilo Kawonke-wonke
Ingqumbo yoluntu kwintengiso yomshuwalense yonke inxulumene nabaqeqeshi abandakanyekayo kwiinkonzo zempilo. Nangona kunjalo, oko kuchaphazela abaqeqeshi ekugqibeleni bahlawula ukuba bachaphazele izigulane, nabo.
Abagcini bempilo yabangasese bayakhononda ukuba ukhetho loluntu, kuba luya kuba nexabiso elincinci, kwaye ngenxa yokuba luya kuba namandla amakhulu okuxoxisana, luya kubakhupha ngaphandle kweshishini. Abayi kuba nako ukufikelela ukugcina amazinga abo enkonzo okanye baqhubeke behlawula abo batyalo-mali. Ngaphezulu, baphakamisa ukwesaba ekugqibeleni abantu abaninzi babeza kubangelwa ukhetho lwabantu, ukuba iUnited States iza kugqiba inkqubo yomvuzo omnye .
Ababoneleli banenkxalabo malunga noluntu olukhethiweyo. Loo mandla omkhulu wokuxoxisana unokunyanzelisa iindleko eziphantsi ezona zigulane, kodwa ezininzi zeendleko eziphantsi ziza kuthwala ngababoneleli. Oogqirha bayesaba ukuba baya kubuyiselwa kwizinga elingaphantsi kwelo xesha.
Ukuhlaziywa kwempilo yolondolozo lwezempilo olondolozo lwe-Conservative kulitshilo ukuba ezo ntlawulo eziphantsi ziza kuthetha ukuba oogqirha kunye nababoneleli baya kugatya izigulane ezisebenzise naziphi na iirhafu zabasebenzi, kuquka i-Medicare, Medicaid, TriCare, i-VA, ne-CHIP.
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