Igama elithi exanthem lithetha ukukhuphuka kwesikhumba esiqhambukayo okanye iibhola. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa ukuchaza ukugqithisa okubanzi phezu komzimba, okulinganayo, obomvu kunye namacules okanye amaphepha, kodwa ngaphandle kwezikali. Izidalwa zengxowankulu zivame ukubangelwa zizifo zentsholongwane okanye iintsholongwane. Zingabangela izidakamizwa, iibisi, okanye izifo ezizimele. Ukukhawuleza kunakho okanye kungabi nantoni.
Izidumbu ezibangelwa yi-virus okanye ibhaktheriya kaninzi ziyingxenye yesifo se-systemic kunye ne-fever, malaise, kunye nentloko. Ukukhwabanisa kwesikhumba kubangelwa yimpendulo yomzimba kwi-toxin eyenziwa ngumzimba ochaphazelayo, okanye iimpendulo zomzimba umzimba uphakamisela kwimvelo okanye umonakalo owenzela uluntu.
Igama elithi exanthem okanye i-exanthemu livela kwigama lesiGrike elisho "ukuphuka." Ngokuchaseneyo negama elithi enanthem okanye enanthema, elikugqithisileyo kwiimbrane ezinamaqabunga.
Ukuchonga i-Exanthems
Ukukhawuleza okubonakala ngokukhawuleza, ukusabalalisa okuqhelekileyo, ngokukodwa nge-fever kunye ne-malaise yimbangela yokutyelela ugqirha okanye kwikliniki yokunakekelwa ngokukhawuleza, njengoko ezinye izizathu zifuna unyango lwangaphambili. Ngenxa yesi sifo, bahlala bexilongwa ngabagqirha bokunakekelwa kweprayimari okanye ababoneleli abanonophelo.
Uninzi lwama-exanthem luba nombonakalo oqhelekileyo owanceda ukuxilongwa ngokungafaniyo kwesifo okanye inkqubo eyenzayo.
Inxalenye yoqeqesho lwezobugqirha ukuqaphela le ndlela yokukhwabanisa. Kodwa ukuqinisekiswa kunokuquka ukuthabatha i-swab yokuvavanya i-viral okanye ukuchongwa kwe-PCR. Iimvavanyo zegazi ziyakwenziwa ukukhangela ama-antibodies kwiintsholongwane ezithile kunye neebhaktheriya. I-DNA probes iyakwazi ukuchonga amanxeba angamangalelwa.
Ukubalwa kweeMbali zeeNgqungquthela
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukulandelwa ngokulandelelana ngokusekelwe kwimbonakalo yazo nembali.
- Isifo sokuqala - isisu, i-rubeola ngokukhethekileyo, ebangelwa yimasle morbillivirus.
- Isifo sesibini - umfutho obomvu, owenzeka emva kokusuleleka u-Streptococcus pyrogens (i-group A streptococcus). Oku kunokwenzeka njengentsholongwane yomqala, umgca we-throp.
- Isifo sesithathu - i-rubella okanye isisisi saseJamani, esibangelwa yi-virus ye-rubella.
- Isifo sesine - "Isifo" (mhlawumbi i-coxsackievirus okanye isifo se-echovirus)
- Isifo sesihlanu-i-erythema isifo esithathelwanayo, esibangelwa yi-parvovirus B19.
- Isifo sesithandathu - roseola infantum , esibangelwa i-herpesviruses HHV-6 ne-HHV-7.
Ngaphandle kwezingane
I-chickenpox (varicella zoster virus), i-mumps, kunye nengqele eqhelekileyo zibonwa ngabantwana, kunye nezi zinto zivela kwiluhlu lwama-classic: imasese, rubella, roseola, i-erythema infectiosum. Uninzi lwezi zinto lunokuthintela ngamagonyo.
Uninzi olongezelelweyo lweViral kunye neBacterial Exanthems
Iintsholongwane ezinqamlekileyo ezidlulileyo ngaphaya kwezi zidweliswe ziquka igciwane lesifo sengculazi (i-HIV). Inqununu ngoku iphelile ivelise i-exanthem. I-hepatitis enobuchopho kunye ne-infonous mononucleosis eyenziwa yi-Epstein-Barr isifo sinokuvelisa i-exanthem.
Ukwelashwa kwama-bacteria okuvelisa ukugqithisa okubanzi kubandakanya i- Staphylococcus i-toxin yokutheleleka kunye ne-Streptococcal infections ye-toxin, kuquka ukutshatyalaliswa kwesifo sokutshatyalaliswa kwesifo kunye nesifo somlilo.
I-Mycoplasma pneumonia, isifo se-Kawasaki, kunye nezifo ze-rickettsial zingabangela ukuba le mihla.
ITransmebt
Unyango lusekelwe ekuphatheni isifo esisisigxina, ezinye zazo zisongela ubomi kodwa ezinye zifuna kuphela ukunakekelwa ngenkxaso okanye zizinqanda. Unyango wokunciphisa umkhuhlane udlalwa. Ama-Creams anokunikelwa ukunciphisa itchki ukuba ukugqithisa kukuhlaselayo.