Ukufa ngeCrauroic Criteria
Xa umntu efa, bafa ngokubhekiselele ekuthiwa "ukufa komzimba." Olu hlobo lokufa lwenzeka xa intliziyo ingasayi kushaya ukunikela ngegazi emzimbeni nasengqondweni, okuphumela ekufeni. Uninzi lwabantu abafayo, malunga nama-99%, abulawe ngumzimba. Nangona kunjalo, kukho olunye uhlobo lokufa, okubizwa ngokuba yi-brain death. Ngaphantsi kwama-1 ekhulwini kubo bonke abantu abaye bavakalisa ingqondo efile.
Ukufa kweBongo kukufumana okusemthethweni kunye nokusemthethweni kokufa. Ingcamango yokufa kwengqondo ingaba yinkimbinkimbi kuba intliziyo yomntu isabetha kwaye isifuba sayo siya kuphakama nokuwa yonke imiphefumlo evela kumoya. Ulusu lufudumele kwaye umntu unokubonakala ephumle ngokukhululekile, kunokuba agule ngokugqithiseleyo kwaye engenawo umsebenzi wengqondo. Oku kungenxa yokuba umonakalo obi kakhulu owenziwe emzimbeni, kubonakale emzimbeni.
Iiseli zobunjongo azibuyiselwa ngokutsha. Oku kwenza kube nzima ukuba ingqondo ibuyele kwingozi. Ukuba ubuchopho bubulawa yindlala yoksijeni ixesha elide ngokwaneleyo ukuba iiseli zengqondo zife, aziyi kutshintshwa. Ukuba kukho umonakalo okwaneleyo ukukhusela ingqondo ekufumaneni igazi kunye ne-oxygen, kwaye ingqondo ingenawo oksijini ngokude ngokwaneleyo, ukufa kwengqondo kungabangela.
Ukuchaza Ubomi Bokufa
Ukufa kweBongo kuthetha ukuba ugqirha ofanelekileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo unogqirha we-neurologist, wenza uvavanyo olunzulu lomzimba kwaye wafumanisa ukuba isigulane sifana neendlela zokufa kwengqondo.
Ngaphambi kokufa kobuchopho kuthiwa, kufuneka kulandelwe imilinganiselo emithathu yekliniki:
- Ukungaphenduli
- Ukungabikho kwengcamango
- Apnea (ukukwazi ukuphefumula ngaphandle kwendiza)
Ubunzima bokuvavanya Ukufa
Ukuhlolwa kokufa kweBongo kuya kwiindidi ezintathu eziphambili:
- Uhlolo loqobo
- Uvavanyo lweApnea
- Olunye uvanyo, olwaziwa nangokuthi luvavanya
Uvavanyo lweMvelo
Uvavanyo loqobo luyenziwa ukujonga ukuba isigulane sisabela. Ukuba azinjalo, uvavanyo lomzimba luya kujonga i-reflexes. Isigulane esesifile ingqondo asiyi kuba nayiphi na ingqondo yeengqondo . Ngokomzekelo, isigulane esiqhelekileyo siza kuphazamisa okanye siqhube intloko xa umntu ethintela iliso ngeconti yekotoni. Isigulane esifileyo segulane asiyi kukhanya xa ugqirha uyathinta iso labo ngeconti yekotoni. Ngoko ke, ukuba akukho bhanya, oko kuthetha ukuba i-brainstem ingasebenzi kakuhle.
Olunye uhlobo lokuvavanywa ngokomzimba yile caloric ebandayo. Olu vavanyo lwenziwa ngokusebenzisa isirinji yamanzi abandayo abandayo kunye nokuyifaka kwindlebe. Isigulane esisifo sengqondo asiyi kuba nempendulo kulolu hlobo lwesichuloli, umntu onomsebenzi wengqondo uya kuba nempendulo, enokuthi ibonakale kwindlela yokunyuka kwamehlo ukuhlanza. Uvavanyo lwe-caloric olubandayo akumele lwenziwa kumntu owaziwayo ukuba nomsebenzi wengqondo ehambelana nokuhlanza i-projectile ngokuqhelekileyo umphumo.
Uvavanyo lweApnea
Isigulane esagula ngokwaneleyo ukuvavanywa kobuchopho buya kuba se-ventilator . Isigulane esinobuchopho bobuchopho asikwazi ukuphefumula ngaphandle kwendiza. Ukuze uvavanye ukuze ubone ukuba i-reflex yokuphefumula ingacacile okanye ayikho, isigulane sisuswe kwi-ventilator kwinkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-apnea test.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, i- ABG ithathwa ngokukhawuleza ngaphambi kokuqala kovavanyo lwe-apnea, xa isigulane sithathwa kwisiphene. I-oksijeni inganikwa isigulane ngexesha lokuhlolwa kwe-apnea, kodwa i-ventilator ayikwazi ukunceda isigulane siphefumle.
Isigulane esichukumisa ingqondo asiyi kuphefumula ngexesha lokuvavanya kwe-apnea. Umguli oqhelekileyo uya kuzama ukuphefumula xa ubuchopho buxelela umzimba ukuba kuyimfuneko. Kwizigulane ezifihliwe ngengqondo, ingqondo ayikwazi ukuthumela isibonakaliso sokuphefumula nokuphefumula ayenzekanga ngaphandle kwenkxaso yomoya.
Olunye Uvavanyo lokuBulala kweBongo
Emva kokugqiba uvavanyo lomzimba, ugqirha unako ukhetha ukuthenga uvavanyo olongezelelweyo.
Nangona kubonakala kokubili ukuhlolwa ngokwenyama kunye nokuhlolwa kwe-apnea ukuba kwenziwe, kwezinye izigulane asikwazi ukunyamezela ukuhlolwa kwe-apnea. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kula maxesha, ukuqhutyelwa kokufunda kuya kwenziwa. Ezi zifundo zenziwa ukuze ubone ukuba igazi liya kufikelela kwingqondo ngokusebenzisa igazi. Ukuba isifundo sibonisa ukuba akukho negazi elifikelela kwingqondo, uvavanyo luhambelana nokufa kwengqondo.
Abanye oogqirha baya kusebenzisa i-EEG, okanye i-electroencephalogram, okuyiyo vavanyo eyenza amagagasi eengqondo. Isigulane esesifo sengqondo sifile sibe ne-EEG "esityebileyo," njengokuba amagagasi eengqondo engekho.
Ubungqina Bokufa
Xa isigulane sichazwa ukuba sifile ingqondo, bafa ngokusemthethweni. Isatifikethi sabo sokufa siya kubonakalisa umhla apho ukufa kwengqondo kuthethwa khona, kungekhona xa intliziyo yabo iphela ngexesha elizayo. EUnited States, ukuba isigulane sichazwa ngengqondo efile kwaye isigulane sihlangabezana neendlela ezithile zonyango, iminikelo yombutho inokukhetha. Kwiimeko ezininzi, umntu sele esenzile isigqibo sakhe sokunikela kwaye uye wabonisa ukhetho lwabo kwilayisenisi yabo yokuqhuba okanye ngokuthanda kwabo.
Imithombo:
Yenza i-Parameters: Ukuqaphela Ubomi Ukufa Kwabantu abadala. I-American Academy ye-Neurology. http://www.aan.com/professionals/practice/guidelines/pda/Brain_death_adults.pdf