Yikholwa okanye akunjalo, ukugwinya ngenye yezinto ezinzima kakhulu umzimba wakho owenzayo, njengoko kufuna ukuba ulungelelaniso phakathi kobuchopho bakho, kunye neentsholongwane ezithile kunye nezihlunu.
Iimvumba ze-Cranial kunye neMiscle ezibandakanyekayo ekutshweni
Ukuhlawula kwenzeka kwiindawo ezintathu ezilandelelanayo , zonke ezifuna ukulungelelaniswa ngokucokisekileyo kwezihlunu emlonyeni, pharynx (umqala wakho), i-larynx (i-voicebox yakho), kunye ne-esophagus (ityhubhu engenamanzi ephethe ukutya emqaleni wakho ukuya esiswini).
Ezi zihlunu ziphantsi kokulawulwa kweqela leentsholongwane ezibizwa ngokuba yimisipha ye-cranial.
Iimbilini ze-cranial ziyi-12 ezibini zeentsholongwane ezivela kwi- brainstem , esekelwe kwingqondo yakho. Iimbilini zakho zilawula imisebenzi efana nokunuka, ukunambitha, ukugwinya, ukubona, ukuhambisa ubuso bakho kunye namehlo, nokuxhathisa amahlombe akho. Uninzi lweentsholongwane zomzimba lubandakanyeka ekulawuleni ukulungelelaniswa kunye nokunyakaza okubandakanyekayo ekutseni nasekugwineni.
Ezi zilandelayo zentsholongwane zentlungu zibandakanya ukugwinya:
- I-Trigeminal (i-neranial nerve V)
- Ubuso (imbilini ye-cranial VII)
- I-glossopharyngeal (i- nucleal nerve IX)
- I-Vagus (i-nerve squiral X)
- I-Hypoglossal nererve (i-nerve cranial XII)
Ngaloo ndlela, iisondlo ze-cranial zilawulwa "ngamaziko okucubungula" kwingqondo apho ulwazi olunxulumene nokugwinya lucutshungulwa. Ezi maziko ziquka indawo ekhoneni le- cerebral , i-medulla oblongata kunye ne-nuclei ye-nervei ye-cranial.
Izikhungo ezityhutyayo kwiBrain
Ukuqalisa ngokuzithandela ukugwinya kwenzeka kwiindawo ezizodwa ze-cortex ye-cerebral yengqondo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-gyrus yangaphambili (ebizwa ngokuba yindawo eyimimandla yokuqala), i-gyrus engaphantsi-phantsi kunye ne-gyrus yangaphambili. Ulwazi oluvela kule mimandla luguqulwa kwiziko lokugwinya kwi-medulla, eyingxenye yengqondo.
Ngaphandle kobuchopho, iimpawu zentsholongwane ezisuka emlonyeni zifumana ingeniso malunga nokutya esikufunayo. Iimbilini ezininzi emlonyeni, pharynx, kunye ne-larynx zizisa ulwazi kwingqondo evumela ukuba siyazi ukuba luphi uhlobo lwezinto ezisemlonyeni nasemqaleni. Ngokomzekelo, "bathetha" ingqondo malunga nobukhulu, ukushisa, kunye nokutya.
Le ngcaciso ithunyelwa kwi-cortex yecala yengqondo, kwaye ekugqibeleni i-medulla, esebenzisa ulwazi olunzulu lokuqondisa iinzame zokuhlafuna.
Iingxaki zoKwenza ukuPhathwa kweengxaki
Isenzo sokutshiza sitshintsha ukutya kwisitya esincinci kunye nesondlo sokutya esilungileyo esilungeleyo nokukhuselekileyo ukugwinya. Njengoko i-reflex yokugwinya igxininisa ngezigaba zayo ezahlukileyo, iimbilini ezibandakanyekayo ekugwineni zivusa ukuvalwa kokucatshulwa kwe-larynx kunye ne-epiglottis. Lo kuvalwa 'komphephelo' kuvimbela ukutya kunye namaqhekeza amachiza angena emiphakeni.
Ukuba i-windpipe ayisondeli kakuhle, okanye ukuba ukugwinya kulungelelaniswa kakuhle, iingxaki ezinjengokukhahlela kungenzeka. Enye inkathazo yokugwinya iingxaki, ukufuna i-pneumonia , inokwenzeka xa ukutya kungena kwimiphunga. Oku kunokwenzeka ngenxa yesigulo okanye esinye isifo segazi.
Ekugqibeleni, ukungondleki nokudambiswa kwamanzi kungenzeka ngenxa yokugwinya iingxaki.
Indlela Ukuguqulwa Kuchaphazeleka njani ngeStroke
Njengoko uyakubona, kukho indawo ezininzi ze-nervous system, leyo, xa ichaphazeleka ngengozi okanye enye imeko ye-neurological like multiple sclerosis, isifo sika-Parkinson, okanye ukugula komzimba, kunokuphazamisa ukukwazi ukugwinya.
Ngaphezu koko, i-medulla yindawo encinci yengqondo ye-brainst iqukethe izakhiwo ezininzi ezibaluleke kakhulu ekufezeni i-reflex-strokes echaphazelekayo ebandakanya i-medulla inokubangela ukuba ingcinezelo ingxaki.
Enyanisweni, abantu abanemivimbo ye-medullary bangadinga ukutsalwa kwetyhutyana yokutya okanye ukuhlala bekhuselekile ukukhusela ukukhupha kunye nokufuna i-pneumonia.
ILizwi
Nangona ukuhlala neengxaki zokugwinya ngokuqinisekileyo kwongeza inkxalabo ebomini bakho, yazi ukuba kukho iindlela ezilungiselelwe kakuhle ezinokukunceda wena okanye wakho umthandayo ukulungelelanisa nale ngxaki. Ngokomzekelo, intetho kunye nokugwinya ingcali ingakunceda wenze utshintsho kwiintlobo zokutya kunye neelwelo ozisebenzayo ukwenzela ukuba kube lula ukuba ugxume ngokuphepha.
Ukongezelela, ukugwinya izigulane ezifana nomgudu ogqithiseleyo okanye uhambo lukaMendelsohn lunokunceda ukuqinisa imisipha yakho ebandakanyekayo ekugwineni. Le ntshukumo yomlomo iyasebenza kwaye ezinye izicwangciso ezifana nokusebenzisa indebe, i-straw okanye i-spoon ingaba luncedo.
> Imithombo:
> Alali D, Ballard K, Bogaardt H. Iziphumo zonyango kwi-dysphagia kubantu abadala abane-sclerosis ezininzi: Ukuhlaziywa okucwangcisiweyo. Dysphagia . 2016 Oct; 31 (5): 610-8.
> Lembo AJ. (2017). Oropharyngeal dysphagia. Talley NJ, ed. Isemgangathweno. Waltham, MA: UpToDate Inc.