I-Benzodiazepines, i-Opiates, kunye neBarbiturates Ingaba Impembelelo Yonke
Ukuba usebenzisa imithi ethile yegciwane-njenge-benzodiazepines, i-opiates okanye i-opioids, kunye ne-barbiturates-unokuzibuza ukuba ezi zichaphazela njani umngcipheko wokugonwa kwe-apnea . Njengoko la mayeza anokuba nefuthe kwizakhiwo zombini zokulala , ithoni ye-muscle, nokuphefumla, imiphumo ibalulekile.
Benzodiazepines
Iklasi lemithi ebizwa ngokuba yi- benzodiazepines iquka amayeza amaninzi afuna ukuphelisa uxhalaba.
Abanye babo basebenza njengamahluma okuxubile okanye asetyenziswa njengama-anticonbulsants ukunyanga. Njengoko la mayeza anokubangela ubuthongo, ngamanye amaxesha asetyenziswe ngaphezu kwexesha elifutshane lokunceda ubuthongo (nangona ukusetyenziswa okungapheliyo kule njongo kudikibala). Ezinye zeyeza ze-benzodiazepine ziquka:
- Alprazolam (Xanax)
- Chlordiazepoxide
- Clonazepam (KIonopin)
- Clorazepate
- Diazepam (Valium)
- Lorazepam (Ativan)
- Quazepam
- IMidazolam
- Estazolam
- Flurazepam
- Temazepam (Ukubuyisela)
- Triazolam
I-benzodiazepines isebenze kufuphi ne-GABA receptor ephezulu yamaseli, okubangela ukuba i-chloride ihambe ngokukhululekileyo kwiindlela zayo. Ukunyanga kokulala , ziye zatshintshwa kakhulu ngamachiza angakhuseliyo akongezeli umngcipheko wokuphefumula okanye ukuphefumula ukulala.
Opiates
I-opiates (ngamanye amaxesha abizwa ngokuthi i-opioids okanye i-narcotics) yinkcubeko yamayeza aqhelekileyo asetyenziselwa intlungu. Ezinye zisetyenziselwa ukuphatha urhudo okanye ukukhwehlela.
Njengoko banokubangela ubuthongo njengempembelelo yecala, bangaba nemiphumo ebalulekileyo ekuphefumuleni ngexesha lokulala. Ezinye ze-opiate eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
- Hydrocodone
- IOxycodone
- Fentanyl
- Mepridine
- IMethadone
- Morphine
- Sufentanil
- ICodeine
- Propoxyphene
- Buprenorphine
- Pentazocine
Ezi zi-opiates zibophelela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ze-opioid receptors ngaphakathi kwenkqubo yesantya nakwezinye indawo emzimbeni.
Iziphumo ze-opioids zandisa ukunyuka kokuphefumula, ukuphefumula okungapheliyo, kunye nokuphefumula okungapheliyo. Zingabangela ukuba i -apnea yokulala iphakathi .
Barbiturates
Iibharbriyure yiklasi yamayeza asetyenzisiweyo ngaphambili, kodwa ngenxa yemiphumo emibi, kuquka umngcipheko wokuxhomekeka kunye nokuhoxiswa, baye baqalwa ngokubanzi njengezinto zokulala. Ziyakwenza ukuba i-coma ifikelele kwiiyobisi ezinobuthi. Ezinye zee-barbiturates ziquka:
- Amobarbital
- Phenobarbital
- Pentobarbital
- Secobarbital
- Thiopental
Iibhagiza zisebenza kwizithungelwano ze-sodium kunye ne-potassium kwiiseli, ezinokuthi zivimbele inkqubo esebenzayo yokusebenza kwi-brainstem. Oku kunokuvelisa i-sedation kunye ne-coma kwaye ineempembelelo ezibalulekileyo ekuphefumlweni. La mayeza akufanele asetyenziswe njengamayeza okulala ukuze aphathe ukusila.
Indlela Le Milisi Echaphazela Ngayo Ukuphuza Ukulala
Ngamanye ala mayeza angakunciphisa ukuphefumla kwakho kwaye wenze ukuba umoya wakho ophezulu uphumelele. Oku kungonakalisa ukuphefumula okuphefumle ukulala, okufana nokuphefumula kwe-apnea. Njengoko la mayeza aphinda akhuphe izinga lakho lokuqonda, awukwazi ukukhusela indlela ohamba ngayo ngokufanelekileyo. Oku kunokukhokelela ekuphazamiseni ukuphefumula, ukuxhatshazwa okanye ukuphefumula, kunye nokufa. Ezi zonyango zihlala zibandakanyeka ekufeni kwabantu abangaphezu kwexesha, kubandakanywa phakathi kwabantu abadumileyo.
Ekugqibeleni, la mayeza anokuba nemiphumo eyahlukileyo kwisakhiwo sakho sokulala, ekhokelela ekuphazamiseni ubuthongo nangona uhlala ungazi.
Ukuba ulala ne-apnea, kufuneka ube ne-polysomnogram (PSG) xa usebenzise nawaphi na amachiza ukubeka iliso kwimiphumo engamanye. Kubalulekile ukuxoxa ngezi ngxaki ngogqirha wakho ukuze ubone ukuba izibonelelo zonyango zigqithise kangakanani ukulimaza kwimeko yakho.
Imithombo:
I-Dolly, i-F kunye ne-Block, A. "Impembelelo ye-flurazepam ekuphefumuleni kokuphefumula nokuphazamiseka kwamathambo kwizifundo ezingabonakaliyo." Am J Med 1982; 73: 239.
UHarvey, RA kunye ne-Champe, iPC. "Pharmacology." ULippencott , u-2nd edition, 2000.
Katzung, BG. "I-Basic & Clinical Pharmacology." Lange , edition 9, 2004.