Usenokuba uvile ukuba ujikelezo olulandelayo lwezikhokelo zokutya zwelonke luya kuphuma kulo nyaka. Ezi zikhokelo ziba neempembelelo ezibalulekileyo kwiarhente karhulumente, imigaqo-nkqubo yesikolo, iintsapho kunye nabantu ngabanye. Kodwa ngaba lezi zikhokelo ezibalulekileyo zenziwa njani kwaye zivunyiwe?
Ukwenziwa kwezikhokelo zeZidlo zabaseMerika
Yonke iminyaka emi-5, izikhokelo zeDilary for the Americans zikhutshwe ngokubambisana yiSebe lezoLimo lase-US kunye neSebe lezeMpilo kunye neNkonzo zoLuntu.
Njengoko kuphawulwe kwi-health.gov, "Izikhokelo zeZidlo zamaMerika zikhuthaza abantu ukuba badle ukutya okunempilo-okujolise ekudleni nasekunxilweni okukunceda ukufezekisa nokugcina isisindo esifanelekileyo, ukukhuthaza impilo kunye nokukhusela izifo ezingapheliyo."
Okokuqala, ngoko-ke, izazinzulu ezikhethiweyo ezibandakanya iKomiti yeeKhokelo zeZilathiso zeZidlo (iDGAC) kufuneka zilungiselele ingxelo ngeengcebiso kubhala bezoLimo nezeMpilo kunye neNkonzo zoLuntu. La malungu ekomiti aphonononga ngokuqinisekileyo uncwadi lwezenzululwazi ukwenzela ukwenza iingcebiso ezisekelwe kwisisindo sobubungqina bobunzululwazi obukhoyo.
Ingxelo yenzululwazi yenziwe ifumaneke kuluntu ngokubhaliweyo kwamagqabaza. (Unokufunda amazwana kawonkewonke angeniswe kwingxelo ye-2015 apha.) Ixesha lokunika ingxelo eli-75 lombiko we-2015 luvaliwe ngoMeyi 8, 2015.
Zomibini iingcomo ze-DGAC kunye namazwana karhulumente athatyathwa kwaye ahlaziywe ngokubambisana ngamasebe adweliswe ngasentla, kwaye ke umqulu-nkqubo wokugqibela ushicilelwe (kulindeleke kamva ngo-2015).
Olu xwebhu lokugqibela lubizwa ngokuba yiZikhokelo zeZidlo zabaseMerika.
Impembelelo ebalulekileyo
Njengoko kuphawuliwe ngasentla, izikhokelo zokutya zineempembelelo ezibanzi kwiimidlalo ezininzi, kubandakanywa ukutya, ii-cafeteria, iinkqubo zesikolo, imveliso yezolimo, imikhosi yokutya, i-recipes yokutya, kunye neenkqubo zokuncedisa ukutya.
Entsha ngo-2015
Izikhokelo zika-2015, ezisekelwe kwiingcebiso zengxelo ye-DGAC, kulindeleke ukuba ziphakamise ukuvinjelwa kwamafutha amaninzi okutya, okuya kubakho ukuhamba okukhulu kwiminyaka emininzi kwimida ekutyebileyo, ekufikelele ekupheleni kowe-1980.
Olunye uhlaziyo olukhulu luquka ukupheliswa kwe-cholesterol yokutya "njengesondlo sokuxhalabisa." Oku, ngokunjalo, kuyahambelana nobungqina benzululwazi obutshanje obonise ukuba ukudla kwe-cholesterol yokutya ayikuchaphazeli amazinga e-cholesterol yegazi okanye isifo se- cardiovascular disease . (Ukufakwa kwemithombo engafanelekanga yeprotheyini enamafutha kunye nezilwanyana, nangona kunjalo, ichaphazela la manani.)
Izikhokelo ezintsha zokutya zilindeleke ukuba zibeke ingqalelo ekutya ukutya okunempilo okunempilo enempilo-ingakumbi i-monounsaturated kunye namafutha e-polyunsaturated, afana nalawo atholakala kwioli yeoli, i-avocados kunye namantongomane.
Ukuthintela ukunyamezeka , izikhokelo zikulindeleke ukuba zigxininise ekutheni izithelo kunye nemifuno epheleleyo, izityalo, iintlanzi zasemanzini, iimbotyi kunye nemifuno, kunye nemveliso yobisi; kwaye kugxininise ngaphantsi kwimveliso yenyama, ukutya okunoshukela kunye neziyobisi , kunye neenkozo ezicwangcisiweyo (njengezonka ezimhlophe).
Souces
Mozaffarian D kunye noLudwig DS. Umbono: izikhokelo zokutya ezi-2015 zase-US: ukuphakamisa ukuvinjelwa kwamafutha amaninzi okutya. JAMA 313; 2421-22.
IKomidi eLawula ngeZikhokelo zeZidlo; Ingxelo yeSayensi yeKomiti yeeNkcazo zeZilathisi ze-Dietary 2015. 2015; http://www.health.gov/dietaryguidelines/2015-scientific-report/.
I-Mensink RP, i-Zock PL, i-Kester AD, i-Katan MB. Iimpembelelo ze-acids fatty acids kunye ne-carbohydrates malunga nomlinganiselo we-serum iyonke kwi-cholesterol ye-HDL kunye ne-serum lipids kunye ne-apolipoproteins: uhlalutyo lweemeta lwee-60 ezilawulwayo. Am J Clin Nutrition 2003; 77: 1145-1155.