Ibali lembali yolu unyango olunzulu oluchanekileyo.
Xa kuziwa kwiindlela zokungenelela kwe-aesthetic, injoyi yeBotox okanye i-toxin ye-botulin yindlela eqhelekileyo yokuqhelisa eyenziwa namhlanje. I-American Society ye-Plastic Surgeons iqikelela ukuba ngo-2014 abantu ababalelwa kwizigidi ezi-7 bafumana i-injulum injections.
Uninzi lwabantu ludibana ne-botulinum ye-injin injections kunye nokunyangwa kwama-wrinkles; Nangona kunjalo, le ngxube ephawulekayo isetyenziswe ngokugqithiseleyo kwaye isetyenziselwa ezinye iimeko, kubandakanya ukuxhamla, i-blepharospasm), isivumelwano seentamo (oko kukuthi, i-dystonia yomlomo wesibeletho), i-migraines, kunye ne- vestiva . I-Botox isetyenziselwa unyango lwe-underarm sweating (ie hyperhidrosis).
Ibali lendlela esiyijobile ngayo le toxin emibi emizimbeni yethu ukunyanga imibimbi ibonisa umdla kwaye inomdla.
Yintoni iBotox?
I-Botox okanye i-toxin ye-botulin iveliswa yi-bteriyo Clostridium botulinum. Kwizilwanyana zasendle, ukusulelwa nguClostridium botulinum kubangelwa i-botulism, isifo esingaqabile kodwa esichaphazelayo. I-Botulism iqala ngokuphazamisa imisipha yobuso, umlomo, nomqala ngaphambi kokusasazeka kuwo wonke umzimba. Xa i-botulism ikhubaza izihlunu ezisetyenziselwa ukuphefumula, ukufa kungenziwa.
Inqaku, ngoMeyi 2017, kwakubakho ukugqabhuka kwe-botulism eCalifornia kulandelele i-sauce yeshizi esithengiswa kwisikhululo segesi. Ngenxa yoko, abantu aba-10 babanjwe esibhedlele kwaye umntu omnye wafa.
Nangona iClostridium botulinum ivela kwiintlobo eziliqela-ezisibhozo ze-serotypes A, B, C, C2, D, E, F, kunye ne-G kuphela ze-serotypes A ne-B zisetyenziselwa ukudala amalungiselelo ekliniki.
Emva kwejoyiki kwisistim, i-toxin ye-botulinum iyanelisa i-nerve terminal kwaye ibophezela ngaloo ndlela ukukhupha i-acetylcholine, i-neurotransmitter. Ngaphandle kwe-acetylcholine, umsebenzi we-muscle uyayeka. Esi sigxina, okanye indawo ethile, ukukhubazeka yiyo eyenza i-wrinkle kunye nokuyeka ukuphazamiseka. Ngamanye amazwi, iBotox isebenza "ngokuphazamisa" imibimbi kude.
Ukongeza kokuphazamisa ukukhululwa kwe-acetylcholine, i-toxin ye-botulin iphazamisa ukukhululwa kwentlungu kunye nabalamli abavuthayo kubandakanya i-P kunye ne-glutamine, nto ichaza ukuba kutheni i-toxin ye-botulin isetyenziselwa ukuphatha intloko ye-migraine.
Iimiphumo ezimbi emva kokuba unyango lwe-toxin ye-botulin ziquka ukubetha, ukuvuvukala, iintloko, ukungakhululeki kunye nobuthathaka obunokuthi bunokuchaphazela izidumbu ezijikeleze umsila owenziwe.
Ngaphambi kokujova nge-toxin ye-botulinum, ukusebenzisa i-anticoagulants kufuneka kuphelelwe iiveki ezimbini ukunciphisa ukutyumza. Ubunzima kwiziko lokungeniswa linokunciphisa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwenaliti encinci ye-gauge, ukusetyenziswa kwe-anesthetic ye-topical or icing indawo ngaphambi kokuba ijoke. Ukongezelela, unyango nge-toxin ye-botulin kufuneka iqaliswe kwiqondo eliphantsi kwaye ngokunyuka landa.
Imiphumo ye-toxin ye-botulin igxothwa ngexesha.
Ngokukodwa emva kokukhishwa kwe-chemicals yokuqala, i-nerve iphetha ihluma okanye ivuselelwe kwaye ukusebenza kuyabuyiselwa emva kweentsuku eziyi-120. Ngamanye amagama, emva kokuguqula isifo sephepha, iBotox isebenza malunga neentsuku ezili-120 ngaphambi kokuba iimbilini zivuselelwe. Ukusebenza okubuyiselwayo kweziphetho zentsholongwane kuchaza ukuba kutheni abantu ngamanye amaxesha bafumana unyango lweengcipheko kwiindawo ezifanayo.
Ayikho inguqu ye-generic ye-toxin ye-botulinum, kunye neendlela ezininzi kwimarike kubandakanya iBotox kunye neDysport. Ezi ziqulatho azitshintshi kwaye ziyahlukana ngokwahlukileyo. Ezi ntlobo ezihlukeneyo ze-toxin ye-botulin ziyahluka ngobunzima be-molecular, i-excipients (okt, i-drug medium), kunye neeprotheni ezinzima.
Imvelaphi yeBotox
I-Clostridium botulinum yafunyanwa kuqala ngososayensi waseBelgium ogama linguEmile Pierre van Ermengem emva kokuqhambuka kwe-botulism eBelgium. Ngama-1920, izazinzulu kwiYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, eSan Francisco, zaqala ukuzama ukuhlukanisa i-toxin ye-botulin. Nangona kunjalo, kuthatha iminyaka engama-20 phambi kokuba i-toxin ye-botulin ekugqibeleni ihlanganiswe kwifom ye-crystalline nguDkt. Edward Schantz.
Ngama-1970, izazinzulu zaqala ukusebenzisa i-botulinum toxin ukuphatha i- strabismus (oko kukuthi, i-cross cross). Ngoxa bevavanya le ngonyama kwiinkwenkwe, abaphandi baqaphela ukuba i-toxin ye-botulin iyancipha imibimbi kwi-glabella. I-glabella yikhumba phakathi kweelishi nangaphezulu kwempumlo.
Emva kokuba i-toxin ye-botulum iphumelele kunyango lwe-strabismus, i-Allergan ilayisenisi yonyango kwaye yabiza iBotox. Emva koko, i-Botox ifumane imvume ye-FDA kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango kunye nezonyango.
Nayi imihla yokuvunyelwa kwe-FDA eyahlukeneyo kwi-toxin ye-botulin:
- Strabismus kunye ne-blepharospasm ngo-1989
- I-dystonia yesibeleko ngo-2000
- Imigca yeGlabellar ngo-2002
- I-axxry hyperhidrosis (i-sweating sweating) ngo-2004
- I-migraines engapheliyo kunye ne-lip lip spatic in 2010
- Ukungabikho kwe-Urinary ngo-2011
- Iinyawo zezintlu (imigca ye-canthal) e-2013
Nceda uqaphele ukuba nangona oogqirha basebenzisa i-botulinum toxin ukuba baphathe ezininzi iintlobo zobuso bombuso, ininzi yale nkunkuma ikhuphe iileyile. Ngamanye amagama, ugqirha wakho usebenzisa isigwebo seklinikhi ukuphatha imibuso yobuso neBotox.
Kwiingxelo zonyango, i-toxin ye-botulin mhlawumbi iphawulekayo kuba yayiyilungu lokuqala lokusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana. Injoyi yeemveliso zebhaktheriya emzimbeni womntu ibonisa into entsha. Ngonyaka ngamnye odlulayo, abaphandi bahlakulela ngakumbi i-agent ye-versatile kwaye bafumana ezininzi izinto.
ILizwi
I-Botox yintsebenziswano echanekileyo eqhelekileyo isetyenziswa ukuphatha ezininzi iintlobo zemibimbi. Ngokubanzi, ukusetyenziswa kweBotox kukukhuselekileyo, kunye nemiphumo embalwa emibi. Ukuba unomdla ekufumaneni unyango lweBotox, nceda uthethe kunye nodokotela wakho we-dermatologist.
Imithombo
Camargo, CP, et al. I-toxin ye-Botulinum ebusweni bombuso (iProtocol). Library Cochrane. 2014.
Dorizas, A, Krueger, N, Sadick, NS. Ukusetyenziswa kobuchule beTyxin Botulinum. Dermatologic Clinics. 2014; 32 (1): 23-36.