Oko Kufuneka Ukwazi
I-Efratha sinica yimihla enomlando omdala wokusetyenziswa kwiyeza zorhwebo zaseShayina zokuphefumula i-asthma, i-bronchitis, i-allergies kunye ne-cold and symptoms.
Ngexesha lama-80s, i-ephedra yathandwa ngaphandle kweyeza zamasiko zesiTshayina zokulahlekelwa kwesisindo nokuphucula ukusebenza kwezemidlalo. Udumo lwayo lwaqhubeka lukhula, kwaye lwafunyaniswa kwiinkqubo ezininzi zokunqongophala ezithengiswa ukulahleka kwesisindo kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kuze kube yilapho iziqulatho eziqukethe ephedra zazivinjelwe yi-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ngo-2006.
Izithako eziphambili ezisebenzayo kwi-ephedra zikholelwa ukuba yi-alkaloids ephedrine kunye ne-pseudoephedrine, ezicingelwa ukuba zandise izinga leentliziyo, zithintela imithwalo yegazi (eyandisa ukwanda kwengcinezelo yegazi), ukuphucula izibhabhane ze-bronchial (ezenza kube lula ukuphefumula) kwaye zineempawu ze-thermogenic ( ukwandisa ukushisa komzimba kunye neqondo lokunciphisa umzimba).
Ifom ye-pseudoephedrine ifumaneka kuma-decongestants amaninzi kunye namayeza abandayo, kwaye i-ephedrin yokwenziwa isetyenziselwa ukunyanga isifo se-asthma (kodwa isele ichithwe ngamachiza amasha). I-ephedrine ye-Synthetic kunye ne-pseudoephedrine sele isetyenziselwa ukwenza izidakamizwa ezingekho mthethweni kwi-methamphetamine, njengoko kuchazwe yi -New York Times .
Efratha eUnited States
Izibonelelo zokutya eziqukethe naluphi na inani le-ephedra alkaloids livinjelwe e-United States ukususela ngo-2006.
KwiCanada, i-ephedra igunyazisiweyo yi-Health Canada ukuba isebenzise kuphela njengento yokuhlambalaza.
Ukuncedisa okunomsoco kunye ne-ephedra ayikwazi ukuququzelela i-stimulants, njenge-caffeine, enokuphakamisa umphumo we-ephedra. Kananjalo, abanakudlula ngaphezu kwe-400 mg nganye nge-dose okanye 1600 mg ngosuku lwe-ephedra, okanye i-8 mg ephedrine nganye ngesilinganiso okanye 32 mg ngosuku lwe-ephedrine. Iimveliso ezichazwe ngamagama okanye ezingavumelekanga ukuba zilahlekelwe ngumzimba, ukunciphisa ukutya, ukunyuswa komzimba okanye ukwanda kwamandla akuvumelekanga.
Kutheni abantu basebenzisa i-Efrdradi
1) Ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo: i- Efratha isetyenziselwa ukunyusa ukulahleka. Abacebisi bathi banokukunceda ukunyusa ukulahleka kwesisindo nokunciphisa ukutya.
Ngaphambi kokuvinjelwa kwee-ephedra ezongezelelekileyo, ukutya okuninzi okunokutya okuthengiswa ukulahleka kwesisindo kwakuqulethe i-caffeine eline-herbs, ezifana ne-tea ye-green, i-yerba kunye ne- guarana . Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-ephedra / caffeine, nangona kunjalo, ngoku kukholelwa ngokubanzi ukuba kukhulise ingozi yempilo kwaye ayikhuthazwa.
2) Ukusebenza kwezemidlalo: i- Efrrha ifana nesakhiwo kwi-amphetamine, ngoko isetyenzisiwe ukwandisa ukusebenza kwezemidlalo ngamandla kunye nokunyamezela kwezemidlalo, ukwandisa ukuphaphazela kunye nokunyaniseka kwintsimi, nokunciphisa ukukhathala kwimidlalo efana ne-hockey yebhola, i-baseball, ibhola lebhola, kunye nebhayisikili. Noko ke, akukho ubungqina obuhle, ukuba unokuphucula ukusebenza kwezemidlalo, kwaye ayikhuthazwa kule njongo enikwe iziphumo ezibi.
I-Efratha ivaliwe yimibutho eminingi yezemidlalo, kuquka iKomiti yeOlimpiki yamazwe ngamazwe, iNational Football League (NFL) kunye neNational Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA).
3) I-Asthma kunye nezinye izifo zokuphefumula: I- Efratha inomlando omude wokusetyenziswa kwiyeza zamasiko zesiTshayina njenge-folk remedy ye-asthma , i-bronchitis, i-allergies, i-fever, i-chill kunye nempawu ezibandayo kunye nokugula, ezifana nokudibanisa kwamanzi.
Imijelo
Imiphumo emibi ye-ephedra ingaquka:
- isicaphulelo
- intloko; ukungcola
- ukucaphuka kwesisu; isifo sohudo
- uxhalaba; kwengqondo
- zeentso zamatye
- ukuthuthumela
- umlomo owomileyo
- izitho zentliziyo engavumelekanga okanye ngokukhawuleza; umonakalo wentliziyo
- igazi elonyukayo
- ukungazinzi; ukoyika; iingxaki zokulala
- nciphisa ukutya
- ukutshiza; ukuthuka
- ukwanda kwamanzi
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-ephedra kuye kwadibaniswa nokubethelwa , ukukhwabanisa, ingqondo kunye nokufa.
Uphando olumiselwe yiZiko leZiko lezeMpilo lihlaziye iingxelo ezingama-16 000 ezichasayo kwaye zichonga ukufa kwabantu ababini, izibetho ezithandathu, ukuhlaselwa kweentliziyo ezine, ukuxhatshazwa kunye neendlela ezinesihlanu zengqondo ezibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwe-ephedra apho kwakungekho nezinye izinto ezinokubangela ukuba iziphumo.
Ucwaningo lwe-NIH olumiselweyo luye lwagqiba ukuba i-ephedra yahlanganiswa nemingcipheko ephezulu yemiphumo emibi ehambelana neyokumodareyitha njengeentliziyo zepilitati, iziphumo zengqondo kunye nokugaya, kunye neempawu zokungabikho komonakalo we-system (i-tremor, insomnia), ngakumbi xa ihlanganiswe ne-caffeine okanye ezinye izikhuthazo ezifana ne-kola nut, itiye eluhlaza, i-guarana okanye i-yerba iqabane.
Uninzi lweempembelelo ze-ephedra zithi zibangelwa ukudlula ngaphezulu, ukusetyenziswa kakubi kunye nokuzibandakanya nezinye izikhuthazo eziphakamisa umphumo, ezifana ne-caffeine. Imiphumo emibi ye-ephedra, nangona kunjalo, iyahluka kwaye ayixhomekeke rhoqo kwiqondo. Imiphumo emibi kakhulu ingenzeka nakubantu abanokungabikho kwiimeko eziphantsi.
Umngcipheko weempembelelo kunye neziphumo ezimbi zibonakala zikhulu kubantu abaneemeko eziphambeneyo, ezifana nesifo senhliziyo, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu; iingxaki zezinga lentliziyo; isifo se-thyroid; i-hypoglycemia; i glaucoma; uxhalaba; i glaucoma; pheochromocytoma; iswekile; isifo seentso okanye amatye eentso; ukugula ngengqondo okanye imbali yengqondo yengqondo; iprotrate ekhulisiweyo; ukungaqiniseki kolwelwe kunye nembali yokubamba, ukubetha, okanye ukuhlaselwa kwe-ischemic. Abantu abanemeko yezempilo kufuneka baphephe i-ephedra. Abantu abane-ephedra, ephedrine, okanye i-pseudoephedrin kufuneka baphephe i-ephedra.
U-Efrha ukholelwa ukuba ukwandisa umngcipheko wesifo sokutshatyalaliswa kwesibindi ngenxa yokunyuka kwemetabolism kwaye yonakalise amandla omzimba wokulahlekelwa ngumlilo.
I-Efratha akufanele ithathwe iiveki ezimbini ngaphambi okanye emva kokuhlinzwa. Akufanele isetyenziswe ngabafazi abakhulelweyo okanye abahlengikazi okanye abantwana. Abantu abane-anorexia nervosa okanye i-bulimia kufuneka baphephe i-ephedra kuba ichaphazela ukutya.
Izibonelelo azange zivavanywe ukhuseleko kwaye ngenxa yokuba izongezo zokutya zikhululekile kakhulu, umxholo weemveliso ezithile zingahluka kwizinto ezichaziweyo kwilebula yomkhiqizo. Kwakhona ugcine ukhumbule ukuba ukhuseleko lwezongezelelo kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo, oomama abangabongikazi, abantwana kunye nalabo abanezifo zonyango okanye abo bathabatha imishanguzo ayilwanga.
Khumbula, iimveliso eziqulethe i-ephedra zivaliwe yi-FDA ngo-2006.
Ukubambisana okunokwenzeka
Ngokusekelwe ekusebenzisaneni okukhoyo phakathi kwezinto ezisebenzayo ze-ephedra, ephedrine, kunye ne-pseudoephedrine, la mayeza alandelayo angakwazi ukusebenzisana ne-ephedra:
- I-Aerolate, i-T-Phyl, ne-Uniphyl (i-theophylline) -iyeza esetyenziselwa i-asthma, emphysema, kunye ne-bronchitis engapheliyo
- Ama-Amphetamines, afana nalawo asetshenziselwa i-narcolepsy okanye ukunqongophala kokungabikho kokungathinteki, njenge-Adderall (dextroamphetamine)
- I-anti-depressants, ngakumbi i-monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), njenge-Marplan (isocarboxazid), i-Nardil (phenelzine) kunye ne-Parnate (tranylcypromine), ngenxa yengozi ephezulu yokuxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nokushaywa komzimba; i-tricyclic antidepressants, njenge-Elavil (amitriptyline) kunye ne-Pamelor (nortriptyline)
- I-Aspirin (i-acetylsalicylic acid
- Uxinzelelo lwegazi
- Isifo sikashukela, njenge-insulin, i-Glucophage (metformin), i-Diabeta, iGlynase, iMicronase (glyburide
- Iidrocotics ezifana nekhowudi
- I-Pitosin (i-Oxytocin) okanye i-Secale Alkaloid Derivatives
- ISt John's Wort
- Zi khuthaza. I-Efratha akufanele ihlangane nezinye izinto ezinefuthe elikhuthazayo, njenge-caffeine ne-Sudafed (i-pseudoephedrine hydrochloride), njengoko inokuba nefuthe elongeziweyo. Amachiza eyaziwa ngokuba ne caffeine afaka i-green tea, i-kola nut, i-guarana kunye ne-yerba iqabane, ngelixa i-orange enomlilo iyakhuthaza.
> Imithombo:
> Blumenthal M, Goldberg A, Brinckmann J. Ulwabiwo lwe-Herbal: IKomishoni eyongeziweyo I-Monographs eBoston: I-Medicine edibeneyo yoNxibelelwano; 2000: 111-117.
> Ulawulo lwezoKutya noLawulo lweeDrug. I-FDA Izisa uMthetho wokuVimbela ukuVimbela kweZibonelelo zeDetary Equkethe i-Efdrine Alkaloids ngokuphumelelayo ngo-Ephreli 12. Ngo-Apreli 12, 2004.
> Ulawulo lwezoKutya noLawulo lweeDrug. Inkundla yeshumi yeeNkundla zeziBheno ixhasana ne-FDA's Decision Banning Supplements Supplements equkethe i-Ephedrine Alkaloids. Agasti 23, 2006.
> Ezempilo Canada. Efrdra / ephedrine - Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo. Ja nuwari 2002.
> IiNational Institutes of Health Office of Supplementary Supplements. I-Efrdra ne-Efdrine Alkaloids yokuLwela ukuTyekisa kunye nokuSebenza kweNtlalo. Julayi 1, 2004.
> Shekelle P, Morton SC, Maglione M, Hardy M, Suttorp M, Roth E, Jungvig L, Mojica W, Gagné J, Rhodes S, McKinnon E, kunye no-Newberry S. Efdra no-Efdrine ngokuLungisa ukuTyekisa kunye nokuThuthukiswa komSebenzi weNtsebenzo. Ukusebenza kunye neempembelelo zecala. Ilungele i-Arhente yoPhando lwezeMpilo kunye neMigangatho, ngo-2003.