"Isifuba esiphambili, sibuyele" sisigqithiselo esilula seSuku lokuSindisa iSuku (iDST), umgaqo-nkqubo usemazweni amaninzi ekujoliswe kukugcina amandla kunye nokusebenzisa kangcono imini. Kodwa yintoni umphumo onzima kakhulu wokumisela ukutshintshwa kwixesha lomzimba langaphakathi, kwimpilo yethu nokuphila ixesha elide?
Imbali yeDST
Kwaqaliswa ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi I ukugcina amandla okwenza umveliso, i-Daylight Saving Time iquka ukuhamba iwashi enye kwi-Standard Standard ngo-Matshi, ukuba usebenzise intsuku ngokuhlwa.
Ewe, iwashi zatshintshwe emva kweyure (ukubuyela kwi-Standard Time), ukuba ube nemini enkulu emini kwiinyanga zasebusika. Nangona ukunamathela kwixesha leSuku lokuSindisa i-Daylight kwakunendawo emininzi kwiminyaka emininzi, iintlanga ezininzi ngoku ziphumeza ukutshintshwa kwexesha. EYurophu, icebo libizwa ngokuba yixesha laseYurophu. Ekhuthazwa ngamathemba okugcina amandla okugcina amandla, ngo-2005 i-United States yamisela ukwandiswa kweNkcazo yokuSindisa iSuku ngeeveki ezine, ukulibazisa ukutshintshwa kwexesha lokubuyela kwinyanga ukuya kuNovemba.
Abaxhasi bokutshintshela iwashi ngokusisigxina phambili-ukunyusa imini ukuya kusihlwa-ukuxela ukuba kukhuthaza impilo engcono kubantwana nakubantu abadala, ngokunika ithuba lokuziphucula ngaphezulu nokuzikhangela emzimbeni ngaphandle.
Ukulala kunye neMpilo yengqondo
Nangona ukulahleka kweyure enye-okanye ukufumana-ubuthongo kunokubonakala kubancinci, kukho ubungqina bokuthi ukutshintsha iwashi lethu elilinganayo nomda omnye kunokuba nemiphumo eyahlukeneyo kwingqondo yethu, ingakumbi kubantu abasengozini yokudandatheka.
Ngokomzekelo, uhlalutyo lwase-Australia lwedatha ukususela ngo-1971-2001 lufumene ukwanda kwindoda yokuzibulala emva kokutshintshwa kwentwasahlobo ukuya kwiSuku lokuSindisa iSuku, xa kuthelekiswa nalo lonke unyaka. Uphononongo luka-2008, olushicilelwe kwi- Sleep and Biological Rhythms , lubonisa ukuba impembelelo ingaba ngenxa yokulahlwa kunye nokuphazamiseka kwizifundo zokulala / ukujikeleza kwayo, okanye isigqirha se-circadian .
Abaphandi bacacisa idatha edluleyo kwiiseti ezininzi zamamawele - apho elinye iwele lalinomkhuhlane we-bipolar - kubonisa ukukhutshwa komngcipheko kwixesha lonyaka kwiimvakalelo ezichaphazelekayo.
Iingozi Zezithuthi emva kwexesha lokutshintshwa kwexesha
Izifundo ezininzi ziye zaphakamisa ukuba izingozi zezithuthi kunye nama-collisions zisukuma emva koMhla wokuSindisa kweSuku kuqale ngo-Matshi, kubonisa ukunyuka kwabaqhubi abalalayo ngenxa yokulahleka kweeyure. Nangona kunjalo, akubona zonke iziphumo zophando ezihambelanayo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuhlaziywa kuka -2007 okupapashwe kwi -BE Journal ye-Ucalulo loHlolo lwezoQoqosho kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo wahlola i-short-term yexesha elide kunye nexesha elide lezithuthi zengozi, zokutshintshela kwixesha leSuku lokuSindisa ngexesha lonyaka. Abaphandi, abavela kwi-RAND Corporation, bahlalutya idatha ye-crash yase-US kwiminyaka engama-28, ukususela ngo-1976 ukuya ku-2003. Iziphumo? Ukuhambisa iwashi ngaphambili kwakungekho umehluko omkhulu kumanani ezingozi zeemoto kwixesha elifutshane. Kuye kwafunyanwa ukuncipha kwexesha elide, nangona kunjalo, kuzo zombini ukuphazamiseka okubandakanya abahamba ngeenyawo (phantsi kwe-8-11%), kunye nezo ziquka ezinye izithuthi (6-10%).
Yintoni eyenzekayo xa iwashi ijika?
Ukubuyela kwixesha eliqhelekileyo ekwindla linikeza abantu ithuba lokulala , kodwa ngokutsho kohlalutyo ngabafundi ababini baseCarnegie Mellon kwiYunivesithi yasePittsburgh, PA, ukutshintshwa kunokuba yingozi - ubuncinane, kubahamba ngeenyawo.
AbaProfesa uPaul Fischbeck noDavid Gerard baye baqulunqa ulwazi olubanzi lwezithuthi zamanani kwaye banikele idatha yabo kwiinkampani ezininzi ze-US federal. Bafanisa neengozi zezithuthi kwi-US kwiinyanga zango-Oktobha, kunye nabo ngoNovemba. Nangona kungabikho ukuqhuma kwiingqungquthela kufumaneka kwizithuthi, ukwanda okweqile-phantse kathathu umngcipheko-kubonwe ekufeni kwabantu abahamba ngezinyawo phakathi ko-5: 00 no-6 ntambama, kwiiveki emva kwexesha lokutshintsha kwexesha. Kwithuba eliphakathi kuka-1999 no-2005, umyinge wama-37 abantu abaninzi abahamba ngeenyawo zenzeke ngo-6: 00 ngoNovemba, xa kuthelekiswa nenyanga edlulileyo.
I-Fischbeck ibonisa ukunyuka kokungabikho kwelanga. "Abantu abasetyenziselwa ukuqhuba ebumnyameni," undixelela. "I-spike yimbi kakhulu kwiiveki ezimbini emva kokutshintsha kwexesha, ize ihlawule ngoDisemba kumazinga aqhelekileyo."
Ngentwasahlobo, uFischbeck uthi, okuchaseneyo kuyinyani: kukho ezinye izingozi zezithuthi kwithuba leyure yokusa emva kweSuku lokuSindisa kweSuku kuqaliswe ngenxa yokuba abaqhubi bexesha elide baphinda bebumnyama. Idatha yakhe ibonisa ukuba ukwanda kwezinto ezihamba ngeenyawo entwasahlobo kuncinci kunokunyuka kokufa okuqhutyelwa ngehora lobusuku olushushu emva kokutshintsha kwexesha likaNovemba.
Yintoni omele uyenze kulezi manani? Kubonakala ngathi imizimba yethu ithatha ixesha elide ukulungelelanisa ukutshintsha kwexesha lonyaka, kunama-crystal. Qaphela ukuba ulale ngokwaneleyo kulezi zihlandlo zonyaka, kwaye ujonge iindlela zombini, ngaphambi kokuba uwele umgwaqo kwihora lokukhawuleza.
Imithombo:
M Lambe. (2000) Ukutshintshela ukuya kwixesha lokulondolozwa kwemini kunye nokuphazamiseka kwezithuthi. Uhlalutyo lwengozi nokukhusela 32: 4, 609-611.
Mayer Hillman. "Ukukhanya kwemini, impilo engcono: kutheni akufanele sibeke iiwashi emva kweliveki." BMJ 2010; 34.
UMichael Berk, uSeetal Dodd, uKaren Hallam, uLesley Berk, uJohn Gleeson, uMargaret Henry. "Iinguqu ezincinci kwiziqhelo ezidityanisiweyo zidibene nokunyuka kokuzibulala: Impembelelo yokugcinwa kwemini." Izithambo zokulala kunye neengqungquthela ze- 2008; 6: 22-25.
UPaul Fischbeck. UNjingalwazi wezeNtlalo kunye neSigqibo seNzululwazi / Ubunjineli kunye noMgaqo-nkqubo kaRhulumente ICarnegie Mellon University. Unxibelelwano lomntu uNovemba 5, 2012.
Sood, Neeraj kunye neGhosh, Arkadipta. "Imiphumo emfutshane kunye nexesha elide loSuku lokuSindisa kweMini kwiZingozi zokuPhepha kweMoto. I-IN Journal of Analysis and Economic Policy. ISSN 1935-1682, 02/2007, uMqulu 7, Issue 1, iphe. 11.