Kuye kwaqatshelwa ngokubanzi ukuba iimpawu zezilwanyana zokuvavanya iziyobisi kunye nezinye unyango zonyango zinemiphumo emininzi. Kwezinye iimeko, ezi ndlela azizikhohlisi kwaye zikhohlakele. Ngaphezu koko, ezi zifundo azihlali zikwazi ukucacisa ngokuchanekileyo indlela yokuphila kwabantu. Uninzi lwezi zifundo ziza neendleko ezinkulu, oko kuthetha ukuba ezinye iziyobisi zingenakuze zenze isigaba sokuvavanya.
Abaphandi emhlabeni jikelele baye basebenzela ekuphuhliseni izitho ezisemgangathweni zomntu ezinokuthi zithathe indawo yokuvavanya izilwanyana kwaye zikhawuleze izilingo zamachiza. Uvavanyo lwabo lubonisa ukuba le teknoloji ekhulayo ikwazi ukuxela ukuphendula komzimba kwiziyobisi kunye nezifo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izifundo eziphilayo. Icandelo loshishino lwezobisi luchaza umdla kule teknoloji yezempilo, ekunceda ukuvelisa ezintsha.
I-Organ-On-A-Chip yokuVavanywa kweDrug
I-organ-on-chip isistim esenziwe ngokusebenzisa iindlela zokuvelisa i-microchip. Iqulethe ngokuqhubekayo igalelo lamagumbi afakwe ngamaseli esiphilayo. Ubungakanani bentambo encinci yememori yekhompiyutha, esi sixhobo sichaza i-biology kunye nemisebenzi yezitho zangempela kunye nokuphucula kwiindlela ezikhoyo ezisetyenziswayo namhlanje (ezifana neeseli eziphilayo ezikhulile kwisitya se-petri).
Iingcali zenzululwazi ziye zavelisa izitho ezihlukeneyo: iipomphu, intliziyo, isisu, nesibindi.
Ngokomzekelo, i-Lung-on-chip, iqulethe iiseli zombilini kunye neengqamlezo zecala kwelinye icala elibonakaliswe kwiphakathi elifana negazi kunye nelinye lomoya. Oku kunika izazinzulu ukuba ziqikelele kwingxenye yomphunga apho utshintshi lwegesi lwenzeka khona. Le yindawo apho iingxaki zeplmonary ezifana nokusuleleka kunye nomhlaza zenzeka rhoqo.
I-lung-in-chip iguquguqukayo, ngoko ilula kwaye izontrakthi zinjengeomphunga womntu - zichaze umsebenzi weziko eliphilayo.
I-in-chips teknoloji iteknoloji ivela kwiiLbs ye-Wyss I-Institute for Engineering Biological Inspired kwiYunivesithi yaseHarvard. Ezinye iinkampani zorhwebo ngoku zivelisa ii-chips eziphinda ziphendule iqela eligulayo. Abanye bajolise kwindlela yokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi-zombini ezivunyiweyo kunye ezandul 'ukuveliswa - ziziphatha kwezi zixhobo xa zithelekiswa nomzimba womntu. Njengoko iinkampani zonyango zivuma ukuba utyalo-mali kwi-teknoloji ye-chip liyimfuneko efanelekileyo, utyalo-mali olongezelelweyo kunye nohlaziyo olulandelayo luya kwenza iziko-on-chips zibe luncedo ngakumbi kwixesha elizayo.
Kunyaka ophelileyo, uEmulate, Inc. wamemezela intsebenziswano yophando kunye noJohnson & Johnson kunye ne-Wyss Institute ukuvavanya isitepthi sabo se-thrombosis-on-chip esingasetyenziselwa ukuvavanya iziyobisi eziyaziwayo ngenxa yegazi. Iimodeli ze-chip zizinto ezahlukahlukeneyo ezinokuthi zenze igalelo ekuphuhliseni i-clot yegazi. Ukuba yimpumelelo, lobu bugcisa buya kusetyenziswa kwizilingo zamachiza eekliniki ukwenzela ukunciphisa umngcipheko obangelwa ezinye iziyobisi-ezifana ne-immuno-therapeutics kunye neyeza-oncology.
Uphuhliso olusandul 'ukwenziwa kwimizimba ekhulayo ephuma kwii-stem zeeseli zinokuxhasa nenkxaso-mbumbano ye-organ-on-chip. Iingcaphephe zibonisa ukuba iiseli zomntu zesistim zinokucwangciswa ukuvelisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeethambo. Nangona kuya kuthatha ixesha ngaphambi kokuba le nqubo ingasetyenziselwa ukukhula izitho ezizimeleyo zokutshintshela izigulane, isele isetyenziswe ekukhuliseni izicubu zomntu zemizekelo ye-organ-on-chip.
Ngaba Kungekudala uza kuba ngumntu-on-A-Chip?
Iingcali zenzululwazi yase-Wyss ngoku zisebenza kwiprojekthi efuna ukuzimisela: Bakhangele ukudibanisa izitho ezahlukeneyo kwi-chips ukudala umzobo womzimba wonke.
Oku kunokunceda izilingo zamachiza ngendlela engalinganiyo. Izifundo ezininzi ze-in vitro "zingahlolwa kwaye zihlaziywe ngenxa yokuphendula kwisicatshulwa esithile ngexesha elifutshane.
I-Homo chippiens , njengokuba imodeli ibizwe ngokuhleka, ihlolwe kwakhona yi-US Environmental Protection Agency njengomzekelo ongasetyenziswayo wokufunda iziphumo zeengxube zendalo, ezifana nemiphumo ye-dioxin kunye ne-Bisphenol A (BPA) enesibindi somntu.
Okwangoku, phantse naziphi na izidakamizwa ezitsha zisadingeka ukuba zihlolwe ixesha elide kwaye zihlolwe ngabantu kuqala ngaphambi kokuba zitshathwe imarike. Ukuphuhliswa kwezitho zincinci zomntu kungenza inkqubo yophuhliso ifutshane ngokunyuka isahlulo somyalelo wezilwanyana. Kodwa ezinye iingcali zi lumkisa ukuba ii-chips azikwazi ukubamba ubunzima obunzima besigqeba somntu kunye nokuba le teknoloji ineemingcele eziya kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngaphambi kokuba zibe luncedo njengezinye iindlela ezinyani kwizitho zangempela.